Sensitive Areas Section - Aleutian Islands Risk Assessment Project

ALEUTIANS SUBAREA CONTINGENCY PLAN

SENSITIVE AREAS

SECTION

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………… D-1

PART ONE Information Sources………………………………………………….…. D-3

PART TWO Areas of Environmental Concern………………………………………..

A.

D-9

Background/Criteria…………………………………………..... D-9

B.

C.

Areas of Major Concern………………………………………... D-10

Areas of Moderate Concern ………………………………… D-11

D. Areas of Lesser Concern ………………………………………. D-11

E. Areas of Concern for Invasive Rats……………………………

F. Areas of Local Concern………………………………………..

D-12

D-12

PART THREE Resource Sensitivity ………………………………………………...…. D-16

PART FOUR Biological and Human Use Resources …………………………………. D-25

A. Introduction…………………………………………………… D-25

B.

C.

Habitat Types ………………………………………………….

Biological Resources …………………………………………..

D-25

D-30

1. Threatened and Endangered Species………………….. D-30

PART FIVE

D.

2.

3.

Human Use Resources ………………………………………

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Fish and Wildlife ……………………………………...

Vegetation …………………………………………….

D-34

D-39

D-41

Fish Hatcheries and Associated Ocean Net Pens …….. D-41

Aquaculture Sites ……………………………………..

Historic Properties …………………………………

Subsistence and Personal Use Harvests ………………

Commercial Fishing …………………………………..

Sport Fishing and Hunting ……………………………

Recreational Sites and Facilities ……………………

Commercial Tourism …………………………………

Marinas and Ports ……………………………………..

Fish Processing ……………………………………….

Land Management………………………………………………………

D-41

D-41

D-42

D-42

D-43

D-43

D-45

D-45

D-45

Logging Facilities …………………………………….. D-46

Water Intake/Use ……………………………………... D-46

D-47

A. Land Management Designations……………………… D-47

B. Land Management Maps……………………………… D-48

ATTACHMENT ONE

ATTACHMENT TWO

Index Salmon Stream Escapement

Wildlife Protection Guidelines: Pribilof Islands

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas September 1999

Draft Change 2, August 2010

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ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas September 1999

Draft Change 2, August 2010

SENSITIVE AREAS:

INTRODUCTION

This section is intended for use by the On-Scene Coordinators (OSC) during the initial phase of a spill event to assist in ascertaining the location and presence of spill-sensitive biological and cultural resources, services and users in this subarea. This information is specific to the Aleutians Subarea. No attempt has been made to duplicate information contained in easily accessible existing documents. This section, therefore, must be used in conjunction with the referenced materials and informational contacts identified herein. More detailed and current data should be available from on-scene resource experts when they become engaged in the response. This information is geared toward early response. If appropriate, natural resources trustees may be conducting natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) activities in conjunction with response activities. Information regarding NRDA activities should be directed to the natural resources trustees or to their appointed NRDA Liaison.

Often, the most detailed, up-to-date biological and resource use information will come from people who live and work in the impacted area. People from the local community are often knowledgeable sources for information related to fishing, hunting, non-consumptive outdoor sports, and subsistence use. They may also have a good idea of which spill response techniques (especially exclusion and diversion booming) are practicable under prevailing weather and current conditions.

The Alaska Regional Response Team (ARRT) has adopted several documents (see the Alaska

Federal/State Contingency Plan for Response to Oil & Hazardous Substance

Discharges/Releases (Unified Plan) that address decision making to help protect sensitive areas and resources. These documents (and their location) include:

■

ARRT Oil Dispersant Guidelines for Alaska (see Unified Plan Annex F, Appendix 1)

■

In Situ Burning Guidelines for Alaska (see Unified Plan Annex F, Appendix 2)

■

Wildlife Protection Guidelines for Alaska (see Unified Plan Annex G, Appendix 1)

■

Alaska Implementation Guidelines for Federal OSCs for the Programmatic Agreement on Protection of Historic Properties during Emergency Response under the National Oil and Hazardous Substances

Pollution Contingency Plan Protection of Historic Properties (see Unified Plan Annex M)

In addition, Federal OSCs in Alaska are working in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the

Interior and the National Marine Fisheries Service to ensure response activities are conducted meet Endangered Species Act requirements, in accordance with the 2001 Inter-Agency

Memorandum of Agreement Regarding Oil Spill Planning and Response Activities Under the

Federal Water Pollution Control Act National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution

Contingency Plan (see Unified Plan Annex K).

In addition, Annex N of the Unified Plan includes Shoreline Cleanup and Assessment Guidelines , which provide helpful information on clean-up options by shoreline type.

Section G of the Subarea Contingency Plan contains site-specific Geographic Response Strategies (GRSs) for use by responders in protecting key sensitive areas. In addition, Environmental Sensitivity Index

(ESI) maps have been produced that illustrate selected sensitive resources and shoreline types.

This section and the guidelines in the Unified Plan are also intended for use by facility/vessel operators in developing industry oil spill prevention and contingency plans. For an operator's facility or area of

ALEUTIANS: Sensitive Areas, Introduction D-1 September 1999

Change 2, January 2014

operation, industry contingency plans describe: (a) environmentally sensitive areas and areas of public concern; (b) how sensitive areas would be prioritized during a spill event; and (c) response strategies to protect sensitive areas at risk. The information in industry plans should be consistent with Subarea

Contingency Plans.

The definition of sensitive resources and their geographic locations requires use of field observations and data available from published and non-published materials or through additional fieldwork. Identifying relative priorities among resources and resource uses takes considerable coordination and discussion among resource management agencies. With the limited time and funds available for Subarea

Contingency Plan development (there are ten such plans covering the state of Alaska), not all the detailed information about every possible resource at risk is included. Future updates to this document will continue to add information relevant to response activities.

Many of the maps presented in this section are available on-line through the Internet at: http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/subareas.html

Suggestions, comments, and more current information are requested. Please contact either:

Doug Mutter

U.S. Department of the Interior

Office of Environmental Policy

and Compliance

1689 C Street, Room 119

Anchorage, Alaska 99501

271-5011

FAX: 271-4102 email: douglas_mutter@ios.doi.gov

Jack Winters

Alaska Department of Fish and Game

Division of Habitat

1300 College Road

Fairbanks, Alaska 99701

459-7285

FAX: 459-7303 email: jack.winters@alaska.gov

ALEUTIANS: Sensitive Areas, Introduction D-2 September 1999



PART ONE – INFORMATION SOURCES

Agency Resources

FISH AND WILDLIFE AND HABITAT RESOURCES

Alaska Department of Fish and Game fish, shellfish, birds, terrestrial mammals, marine mammals


U.S. Department of Commerce,

National Marine Fisheries Service





University of Alaska

Point of Contact migratory birds, sea otters, polar bears, walrus, endangered species, anadromous fish in freshwater, bald eagles, wetlands sea lions, seals, whales, endangered marine species and listed anadromous fish in marine waters essential fish habitat effects of oil on fisheries resources, hydrocarbon chemistry, dispersants rare and endangered plants

Division of Habitat

Fairbanks

907-459-7285

Office of Environmental Policy & Compliance

Anchorage

907-271-5011

Protected Resources Division

Juneau

907-586-7235

Habitat Conservation Division

Juneau 907-586-7636

Alaska Fisheries Science Center

Auke Bay Laboratory

907-789-6000

Alaska Natural Heritage Program

Anchorage

907-257-2785

CULTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

Alaska Department of Natural Resources historic sites, archaeological sites, national register sites

U.S. Department of the Interior archaeological/historical sites in park and wildlife refuge system units, public lands, Native allotments/trust lands; sunken vessels

Alaska Office of History and Archaeology

Anchorage

907-269-8721

Office of Environmental Policy & Compliance

Anchorage

907-271-5011

SHORELINE TYPES


National Oceanic & Atmospheric

Administration shoreline types, environmental sensitivity index maps Scientific Support Coordinator

Anchorage

907-271-3593

LAND OWNERSHIP AND CLASSIFICATIONS/DESIGNATIONS

Alaska Department of Natural Resources state lands, state parks and recreation areas, state forests, tidelands

Alaska Department of Fish and Game State game refuges, state critical habitats

Division of Mining, Land, and Water

Anchorage

907-269-8565

Division of Habitat

Fairbanks

907-459-7285

ALEUTIANS: Sensitive Areas, Part One D-3 September 1999


Agency


U.S. Department of Defense

Local Governments:

–

–

Aleutians East Borough

Aleutians West Coastal Resource

Service Area

COMMERCIAL HARVEST


Alaska Department of Natural Resources

Alaska Department of Environmental

Conservation

U.S. Department of Commerce


RECREATION AND TOURISM USES


Resources

National parks and preserves, national historic sites, national monuments, national wildlife refuges, public lands, national recreation areas, wild and scenic rivers, wilderness areas,

Native trust lands

Military installations and reservations

Point of Contact

Office of Environmental Policy & Compliance, Anchorage

907-271-5011

Municipal and private lands, and rights-of-way

Coastal program special areas, plans, policies

Fishing permits, seasons

Tideland leases

Seafood processing

Fishing permits, seasons

SUBSISTENCE, PERSONAL, AND SPORT USES

Alaska Department of Fish and Game Subsistence and personal uses statewide and navigable waters, sport hunting and fishing


U.S. Department of Commerce

Subsistence uses on Federal lands and reserved waters; subsistence uses of: sea otters and migratory birds

Subsistence use of: whales, porpoises, seals, sea lions

State parks and recreation areas, anchorages, boat launches, campgrounds, State public lands

Alaska Command

Anchorage

907-552-3944

For the current local government contact information, go to B. Resources

Section, Part One Community Profiles

For the current tribal contact information, go to B. Resources Section,

Part Three Information Directory, Native Organizations and Federally

Recognized Tribes

Commercial Fisheries Division

Fairbanks

907- 459-7387


Anchorage

907-269-8565

Division of Environmental Health

Juneau

907-269-7644


Anchorage

907-271-5006

Sport Fish Division

Fairbanks

907-459-7388


907-271-5011


Anchorage

907-271-5006

Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation

Fairbanks

907-451-2695



Agency


Alaska Department of Commerce,

Community & Economic Development


Sport hunting and fishing

Resources

Seasonal events and activities, travel, outdoor activities, local visitor bureaus, tourism industries

Recreation uses in park and wildlife refuge system units and

Federal public lands

Point of Contact

Division of Habitat

Fairbanks

907-459-7285

Alaska Office of Tourism Development

Juneau

907-465-5478


907-271-5011

WATER INTAKE AND USE FACILITIES

Alaska Department of Environmental

Conservation



U.S. Coast Guard

Public drinking water wells, treatment, and storage, fish processing facilities

Hatcheries, ocean net pens and release sites, aquaculture

Tidelands leases, aquaculture sites, private logging camps and log transfer facilities

Marinas and docks, mooring buoys

Division of Water

Anchorage

907-269-7601

Division of Habitat

Fairbanks

907-459-7285


Juneau

907-465-3400

Sector Anchorage

Anchorage

907-271-6700



(This page intentionally blank)




PART TWO - AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL

CONCERN

A. BACKGROUND/CRITERIA

The following relative priority listing was developed by the Sensitive Areas Work Group, with representatives from state and federal agencies and the private sector. The list prioritizes resources into designations of major, moderate, and lesser concern. Resources are not prioritized within each designation. These designations are for consideration in initial spill response activities, they are not applicable to extended clean-up activities. This prioritization scheme must be used in conjunction with spill-specific information (e.g., size and location of spill, type of product, trajectory) to determine the actual protection priorities for that discharge.

The following criteria were developed as a tool to establish levels of concern. These criteria are not listed in a priority order.

CRITERIA FOR RELATIVE PRIORITY RATING

 Human economic disruption -- economic/social value; human food source disruption

 Mortality -- wildlife, fish, other organisms (number potentially killed in relation to abundance)

 Animal displacement and sensitivity to displacement

 Aesthetic degradation

 Habitat availability and rarity

 Sub-lethal effects, including sensitivity to physical or toxic effects of oil or hazardous substances and long-term affects to habitat, species, or both threatened and endangered species, and/or other legal designation

Persistent concentration of oil or hazardous substances

 Reproduction rate or re-colonizing potential

 Relative importance to ecosystem

 Potential for physical contact with spill--pathway of oil or hazardous substances

 Resource sensitivity to response countermeasures

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas, Part Two D-7 September 1999


B. AREAS OF MAJOR CONCERN

Threatened or Endangered Species Habitats

Sea Otter Concentration Areas (> 20) and General Distribution

Steller Sea Lion Rookeries or Haul-outs

Steller’s eiders overwintering sites

North Pacific Right Whale Critical Habitat

Geomorphology - Coastal Habitat Types:

--Marshes

--Eelgrass Beds

--Sheltered Tidal Flats

--Sheltered Rocky Shores

Geomorphology - Upland Habitat Types:

--Streams and Lakes

--Riparian Habitats

Harbor Seal Haul-out Areas (> 10)

Northern Fur Seal Rookeries

Walrus Haul-out/Concentration Areas

Caribou Calving and Insect Relief Areas

Seabird Colonies (> 100,000)

Waterfowl and Shorebird Spring, Fall, or Winter Concentration Areas

Eagle Nest Sites

Large Anadromous Fish Streams:

> 500 king salmon

> 5,000 sockeye salmon

> 2,500 coho salmon

> 25,000 pink salmon

> 15,000 chum salmon

Subsistence Harvest Areas

High Commercial Use Areas

High Recreational Use Areas

Land Management Designations:

Federal: Wilderness

Wild and Scenic Rivers

State:

Cultural Resources/Archaeological Sites:

National Historic Landmarks

Burial Sites

National Register Eligible Village Sites

Intertidal Sites

National Natural Landmarks

Refuges (Izembek State Refuge)

Sanctuaries

Critical Habitat Areas (Port Moller and Port Heiden Critical Habitats)



C. AREAS OF MODERATE CONCERN

Species of Concern Habitats (Potential Threatened or Endangered)


--Gravel Beaches

--Mixed Sand and Gravel Beaches

--Exposed Tidal Flats

--Coarse Grained Sand Beaches

Harbor Seal Haul-out Areas (< 10)

Northern Fur Seal Offshore Concentration Areas

Seabird Colonies (10,000 - 100,000)

Waterfowl and Shorebird Nesting or Molting Concentration Areas

Whale Migration Routes (Spring/Fall)

Bear Concentration Areas

Anadromous Fish Streams:

100-500 king salmon

1,000-5,000 sockeye salmon

500-2,500 coho salmon

5,000-25,000 pink salmon

5,000-15,000 chum salmon

Caribou Migration Routes

Commercial Harvest Areas

Recreational Use Areas


Federal: National Wildlife Refuges (Izembek and Alaska Maritime)

State: State Parks

Cultural Resources/Archaeological Sites:

National Register Eligible Sites (Other Than Village Sites)

Sites Adjacent To Shorelines

D. AREAS OF LESSER CONCERN


--Fine-Grained Sand Beaches

--Exposed Wave-Cut Platforms

--Exposed Rocky Shores

Harbor Seal General Distribution Areas

Walrus General Distribution Areas

Seabird Colonies (< 10,000)

Waterfowl and Shorebird General Distribution Areas

Anadromous Fish Streams:

< 100 king salmon

< 1,000 sockeye salmon

< 500 coho salmon

< 5,000 pink salmon

< 5,000 chum salmon

General Freshwater Fish Habitats


Federal: Public Lands

State: General Public Lands

Other Cultural Resources



E. AREAS OF CONCERN FOR INVASIVE RATS

All of the islands within the Aleutians subarea are rat-free, with the exception of the islands listed below, and are a major concern for adverse impacts to wildlife and birds should rats invade their habitat.

All Islands Except These:

Geomorp

Attu

Shemya

Kiska

Rat

Amchitka

Adak

Great Sitkin

Kagalaska

Atka

Unalaska

Sedanka

Amaknak

Akutan

F. AREAS OF LOCAL CONCERN

The Aleutians East Borough, in their Coastal Management Plan, has identified several Special Use Areas based on unique, environmentally vulnerable, or commercially important fish and wildlife resources and habitats (see the following maps). Commercial fishing is a key use in many of these areas. These include:

Areas of Local Concern Table

Designation Area Reason For Designation Land Ownership/Villages to

Contact

Port Moller/Herendeen Bay and Bear River Special Use

Area

Five species of salmon are found in this area; sockeye and chum are the most important.

Large numbers of herring, and other forage fish pass through the area, and this is a major herring spawning area. Red king and Dungeness crab are in the area, and this is an important nursery for halibut and sole. The area contains several seabird colonies.

Shorebirds and waterfowl migrate through the area in spring and fall. Harbor seals



Designation Area Reason For Designation

Nelson Lagoon Special Use

Area

Izembek Lagoon Special Use

Area

Bechevin Bay Special Use

Area

Unimak Pass Special Use

Area haul out in the area, as do walrus on Walrus Island. Sea otters are present. Gray whales migrate through the area.

Significant numbers of King,

Coho, chum and sockeye salmon are found here.

Dungeness and red king crab are here, and clams are harvested for subsistence use.

A large seabird colony is on the Kudobin Island. This is a major staging area for fall shorebird migration, and for waterfowl migration staging and feeding. Harbor seals, sea otters and gray whales are found here.

This large estuarine system supports one of the largest eelgrass beds in the world.

This is a major chum and sockeye salmon area and a rearing area for red king crab.

This is a major staging, feeding, molting, nesting and wintering area for shorebirds and waterfowl. The world’s population of black brant stage here, as do most of the emperor geese, cackling geese, and female Steller’s elder.

This is a key haulout and breeding area for harbor seals.

Sea otters frequent the area.

The area contains king crab spawning grounds and sees substantial use by waterfowl and shorebirds for migration staging, feeding molting nesting and wintering. This is a key haulout and breeding area for harbor seals. Sea otters frequent the area. The area is also important for spring feeding by brown bears.

This area sees large numbers of adult salmon pass through as they migrate to streams in

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas, Part Two D-11

Land Ownership/Villages to

Contact

September 1999


Designation Area

Pavlof/Canoe Bay Special Use

Area

Anadromous Fish d Stream

Special Use Area

Unalaska Bay

Chernofski Harbor

Reason For Designation

Bristol Bay and Western

Alaska. Juvenile salmon migrate through the area to the north Pacific. The area is also a major migration route for ducks, geese, seabirds and marine birds. Humpback, fin, and gray whales, as well as northern fur seals use the area in spring and fall.

This is a key salmon and herring spawning area. King, tanner, and Dungeness crabs are present, as are shrimp and groundfish. Seabirds nest here and waterfowl also use the area. Brown bears concentrate here.

Anadromous fish streams support spawning populations of fish, which are essential for the region’s commercial fisheries. Associated lakes and tributaries are also important fish habitat. This area includes all streams identified in the Catalog produced by the Alaska

Department of Fish and Game

(See Attachment One).

The Aleutians West Coastal

Resources Service Area

Identified two areas for study as potential Areas Meeting

Special Attention:

This is a traditional use area of the Aleuts and contains numerous archaeological and historic sites, including

Amaknak Island, which is a

National Historic Landmark for World War II military activities. The recent commercial growth in the area during recent years has put pressures on local recreational, subsistence and personal uses of resources in the area.

This is an important fish and

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas, Part Two D-12

Land Ownership/Villages to

Contact

September 1999


Designation Area Reason For Designation Land Ownership/Villages to

Contact wildlife habitat area, which contains archaeological and historic sites. The area has been studied for possible commercial development.

A map showing

Environmentally Sensitive

Areas was produced in 1998 by the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration, with funding from the U.S.

Coast Guard. Saint Paul, Saint

George, Walrus, and Otter

Islands are mapped at

1:633,360 scale, and were reviewed by Federal, State, and local organizations. This map is not included here.

A 1998 wildlife response action plan the

Wildlife Protection

Guidelines: Pribilof Islands

(see Attachment Two) was also produced with local involvement as an adjunct to the Subarea Contingency Plan.

A 1998 wildlife response action plan the Wildlife Protection Guidelines: Pribilof Islands (see Attachment

Two) was also produced with local involvement as an adjunct to the Subarea Contingency Plan.










PART THREE - RESOURCE SENSITIVITY

The following sensitivity tables were developed by the State and Federal Natural Resources

Trustees with legislative responsibility for management and protection of these resources. This includes the following agencies: National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, Alaska Department of Fish and

Game, and Alaska Department of Natural Resources. This information is a summary derived from recent field studies, research reports, long-term monitoring, stakeholder input, and local knowledge. Periods and/or conditions when resources are of varying levels of concern (low, medium, high) with respect to affects from an oil spill are noted in the following tables.

GEOMORPHOLOGY

CATEGORY

COASTAL HABITAT

TYPES

LAKE AND RIVER

HABITAT TYPES

UPLAND HABITAT

TYPES

LOW

Fine-grained Sand

Exposed Wave-cut

Platforms

Exposed Rocky Shores

Exposed rocky cliffs & banks

Bedrock shores & ledges, rocky shoals

Eroding scarps/banks in unconsolidated sediment

Exposed man-made structures

To Be Developed

MEDIUM

Gravel Beaches

Mixed Sand & Gravel

Beaches

Exposed Tidal Flats

Coarse Grained Sand

Beaches

Sand beaches & bars

Mixed sand & gravel beaches/bars

Gravel beaches/bars

Gently sloping banks

Exposed flats

Riprap

To Be Developed

HIGH

Marshes

Eelgrass Beds

Sheltered Tidal Flats

Sheltered Rocky Shores

Sheltered scarps in bedrock

Vegetated steep sloping bluffs

Sheltered man-made structures

Vegetated low Banks

Sheltered sand & muddy substrates

Marshes

To Be Developed

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas, Part Three D-17 September 1999


THREATENED OR ENDANGERED SPECIES

CATEGORY

ENDANGERED

SPECIES

LOW MEDIUM HIGH

Whales: Fin, Blue, Sei,

Humpback, Gray, Sperm, and

North Pacific right

Birds: Short-tailed albatross,

Eskimo curlew

THREATENED

SPECIES

Marine mammals: Steller sea lion, northern sea otter

Birds: Steller’s eider, Spectacled eider

Plant: Aleutian shield fern

Birds: Kittlitz’s murrelet SPECIES OF

CONCERN

PROTECTED

SPECIES

Steller’s Eider

Critical Life Periods J F M A M J J A S O N D

Winter resident ============ =============

Spectacled Eider


Winter resident =========== ==

SEA OTTERS

Bald eagles, Golden eagles, All marine mammals and migratory birds

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

SUSCEPTIBILITY

LOW MEDIUM HIGH

> 20 and general distribution

Year around

HUMAN HARVEST Year around

Critical Life Periods J F M A M J J A S O N D Present nearshore

====================================

Pupping (primary period) ===



HARBOR SEALS

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HUMAN HARVEST

LOW

< 5

MEDIUM

5 - 10

Year around

May 1 - June 30

HIGH

> 10

Jan 1 - Apr 30

July 1 - Dec 31


Pupping ====

Molting ===============

In the Area ====================================

STELLER SEA LIONS

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

(ON HAULOUTS)

LOW

< 15

MEDIUM

15 - 30

SUSCEPTIBILITY Year around

HUMAN HARVEST June 1 - Aug 31 Apr 1 - May 31

Sept 1 - Sept 30

HIGH

> 30

Oct 1 - Mar 31


Pupping =======

Molting ================

On rookeries =========

On haulouts (primary period) ==================

In area waters ====================================

NORTHERN FUR SEAL

CATEGORY

SUSCEPTIBILITY

LOW MEDIUM

Year around

HUMAN HARVEST Sept 1 - May 31

HIGH

June 1 - Aug 31


Pupping =======

On rookeries =======================

In Area Waters ====================================



WALRUS

CATEGORY

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HUMAN HARVEST

LOW MEDIUM

Year around

NO KNOWN HUMAN USE

HIGH


On haul-outs ================

Calving period ======

Molting =========

In Area Waters ===============

WHALES AND PORPOISES

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

LOW

< 10

MEDIUM

10 - 50

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HUMAN HARVEST Year around (salvage)

HIGH

> 50

Critical Life Periods J F M A M J J A S O N D Present nearshore

Toothed Whales ====================================

Baleen Whales ==============================

Calving

Killer Whale ============

Harbor Porpoise ======

BROWN BEARS

CATEGORY

SUSCEPTIBILITY

LOW

Nov 1 - Apr 30

MEDIUM

May 1 - June 30

Sept 1 - Oct 31

HIGH

July 1 - Aug 31

HUMAN HARVEST * Closed except by limited permit only

* Open season fall of odd years and spring of even years (i.e., fall '95, spring '96). No known subsistence harvest.


Denning ========== ===

Spring coastal concentrations ===============

Salmon stream concentrations ====================



CARIBOU/REINDEER

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE1

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HUMAN HARVEST

LOW

Sept 1 - May 15

Apr 1 - July 31

(Caribou)

MEDIUM

Feb 1 - Mar 31

Oct 1 - Oct 31

(Caribou)

Mar 1 - Aug 31

Nov 1 - Dec 31

(Reindeer)

HIGH

May 16 - Aug 31

Aug 1 - Sept 30

Nov 1 - Jan 31

(Caribou)

Jan 1 - Feb 28

Sep 1 - Oct 31

(Reindeer)

1There are three caribou herds (i.e., North Alaska Peninsula Herd, South Alaska Peninsula Herd, and the Adak

Herd) that inhabit portions of this region. Depending on the herd abundance may vary widely. As a result, specific abundance figures have not been established for use in prioritizing protection sites.


Calving period ====

Insect Relief habitat =======

MOOSE

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

SUSCEPTIBILITY

LOW MEDIUM HIGH

Very few, if any, moose are present in GMU 9D and 10, which represent this area. Therefore their abundance and susceptibility would be low.

HUMAN HARVEST No Open Season. No Subsistence Use.


Calving ====



WATERFOWL AND SHOREBIRDS

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HUMAN HARVEST *

LOW MEDIUM

Abundance figures are not available

Nov 16 - Apr 14

Mar 1 - Apr 15

Aug 1 - Aug 31

* Includes egg harvest


Spring migration ======

Nesting/rearing/molting ===========

Fall migration =======

SEABIRDS

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

LOW

< 10,000

MEDIUM

10,000 - 100,000

SUSCEPTIBILITY

SPECIES

DIVERSITY

1 – 3

HUMAN HARVEST * Jul 1 - Oct 31

Oct 1 - Mar 31

4 - 6

Nov 1 - June 30

HIGH

Apr 15 - Nov 15

Apr 16 - Jul 31

Sept 1 - Feb 28

HIGH

>100,000

Apr 1 - Sept 30

> 6

* Includes egg harvest


At breeding colonies ==================

Present in the Area ====================================

BALD EAGLES

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

SUSCEPTIBILITY

LOW

< 1 nest/10 coastal miles

MEDIUM

1 nest/5-10 coastal miles

HIGH

> 1 nest/5 coastal miles

Year around


Nesting/rearing =================

Present in the Area ====================================



SALMONIDS

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HUMAN HARVEST

LOW

< 100 (Kings)

< 1,500 (Sockeye)

< 500 (Coho)

< 5,000 (Pinks)

< 5,000 (Chum)

Dec 1 – Feb 28

Mar 1 – Apr 30

MEDIUM

100-500 (Kings)

1,500-5,000 (Sockeye)

500-2,500 (Coho)

5,000-25,000 (Pinks)

5,000-15,000 (Chum)

Mar 1 - Apr 30

Oct 1 - Nov 30

Oct 1 - Feb 28

HIGH

> 500 (Kings)

> 5,000 (Sockeye)

> 2,500 (Coho)

> 25,000 (Pinks)

> 15,000 (Chum)

May 1 - Sept 30

May 1 - Sept 30


Spawning == =================

Eggs/fry in gravels ================ =================

Rearing in freshwater ====================================

HERRING

CATEGORY

ABUNDANCE

LOW MEDIUM

Abundance data not available

SUSCEPTIBILITY Oct 1 – Feb 28 Mar 1 - Mar 31

HIGH

Apr 1 - Sept 30

HUMAN HARVEST Aug 1 – Feb 28 Mar 1 - Apr 30 May 1 - Jul 31


Spawning =========

Present nearshore ==================

CLAMS and OTHER MARINE INVERTEBRATES (CHITONS)

CATEGORY

SUSCEPTIBILITY

LOW MEDIUM

Jan 1 - May 19

HIGH

May 20 - Dec 31

HUMAN HARVEST May 1 - Aug 31 Sept 1 - Apr 30


Spawning ======

Planktonic larvae ==================



CATEGORY

FEDERAL LANDS

LEGISLATIVELY DESIGNATED LAND STATUS

LOW

Public Lands

MEDIUM

Wildlife Refuges

HIGH

Wilderness Areas

STATE LANDS Public Lands1 Izembek State Refuge

Port Moller Critical

Habitat Area

Port Heiden Critical

Habitat Area

1 Includes submerged lands out to 3 miles, and historic bays and inlets

HISTORIC PROPERTIES

CATEGORY

HISTORIC

PROPERTIES,

CULTURAL AND

ARCHAEOLOGICAL

SITES

LOW

Cultural resources that do not meet

National Register criteria

MEDIUM

National Register-eligible sites (excluding villages sites)

Sites adjacent to shorelines

HIGH

National Historic Landmarks;

National Natural Landmarks;

Burial sites;

National Register-eligible village sites;

Intertidal sites



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PART FOUR – BIOLOGICAL AND HUMAN USE

RESOURCES

A.

INTRODUCTION

The Aleutian Islands are a biologically diverse and productive ecosystem valuable for commercial and subsistence fishing as well as for supporting large seabird and marine mammal populations. The Aleutian

Islands combined with the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska support the world’s largest groundfish fisheries.

Additional marine species such as salmon, halibut, scallop, king and tanner crab are important for commercial and subsistence fisheries. The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, established by the

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980, includes most of the Aleutian Islands within its boundary. More than 10 million seabirds of 26 species breed in the Aleutian Archipelago (USFWS 2000).

The Aleutian Islands provide residence or seasonal habitat for a variety of marine mammals including

Steller sea lions, northern fur seals, harbor seals, sea otters, and various cetacean species (NPFMC 2007).

Human factors that have shaped the Aleutian Island marine ecosystem include fishing, hunting of marine mammals and seabirds, shipping, and military activities. Changes in marine mammal populations include the extinction of the Steller’s sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), near extirpation, recovery and recent declines of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris) (Doroff et al. 2003), and substantial declines in the western distinct population segment of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) (Braham et al. 1980, NMFS 2010).

Changes in commercially fished species include the depletion of economically valuable species such as

Pacific Ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) (Schumacher and

Kruse 2005, NPFMC 2007). Unangan (i.e., Aleut) people have inhabited the Aleutian Islands for over

9,000 years (Veltre and Smith 2010). Cultural influences on the Unangan people occurred in the mid-

1700s with Russian occupation for fur trade purposes, and later with US military presence, beginning in

World War II. Today, five communities in the Aleutian Islands are inhabited, with a total population level of approximately 4,884 individuals. Communities are heavily dependent on commercial and subsistence fishing (Sepez et al. 2005).

There are many national and international protected areas within the Aleutian Islands subarea. These areas have been designated to protect the components of both the marine and terrestrial environment.

The background information contained in this section is a mixture of references to readily available documents, knowledgeable contacts, and data not readily available elsewhere. Industry or local government-generated references that have had agency input and review are incorporated by reference.

B. HABITAT TYPES

Shoreline habitats have been defined and ranked according to Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) standards produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Environmental

Sensitivity Index Guidelines (October 1997). Seasonal ESI maps in poster and atlas formats have been produced for the subarea, as shown on the following index map. These maps are available on the Internet at: http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/subareas.html

. Updated ESI information can also be found on the Internet at: http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/order/esiindex.html

1. Benthic Habitats

Oil vulnerability is lower in benthic (near bottom) areas than in the intertidal zone since contamination by floating slicks is unlikely. Sensitivity is derived from the species, which use the habitat. Benthic habitats have not been traditionally classed by ESI rankings, but are treated

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas, Part Four D-26 September 1999


more like living resources, which vary with season and location. Benthic habitats include: submerged aquatic vegetation beds and large beds of kelp.

2. Shoreline Habitats

Habitats (estuarine, large lacustrine and riverine) ranked from least to most sensitive (see the following table) are described below:

ESI #1--Exposed impermeable vertical substrates: exposure to high wave energy or tidal currents on a regular basis, strong wave-reflection patterns common, substrate is impermeable with no potential for subsurface penetration, slope of intertidal zone is 30 degrees or greater, attached organisms are hardy and accustomed to high hydraulic impacts.

ESI #2--Exposed impermeable substrates, non-vertical: exposure to high wave energy or tidal currents on a regular basis, strong wave-reflection patterns regular, substrate is impermeable with no potential for subsurface penetration over most of intertidal zone, slope of intertidal zone is less than 30 degrees, there can be accumulated but mobile sediments at the base of cliff, attached organisms are hardy and accustomed to high hydraulic impacts.

ESI #3--Semi-permeable substrate: substrate is semi-permeable with oil penetration less than 10 cm, sediments are sorted and compacted, slope is less than 5 degrees, sediment and potential for rapid burial mobility is low, surface sediments are subject to regular reworking by waves, there are relatively low densities of infauna.

ESI #4--Medium permeability substrate: substrate is permeable with oil penetration up to 25 cm, slope is between 5 and 15 degrees, rate of sediment mobility i high with accumulation of up to 20 cm of sediments in a single tidal cycle, sediments are soft with low trafficability, low densities of infauna.

ESI #5--Medium to high permeability substrate: substrate of medium to high permeability which allows oil penetration up to 50 cm, spatial variations in distribution of grain sizes with finer ones at high tide line and coarser ones in the storm berm and at toe of beach, 20 percent is gravel, slope between 8 and 15 degrees, sediment mobility is high during storms, sediments are soft with low trafficability, low populations infauna and epifauna except at lowest intertidal levels.

ESI #6--High permeability substrates: substrate is highly permeable with oil penetration up to 100 cm, slope is 10 to 20 degrees, rapid burial and erosion of shallow oil can occur during storms, high annual variability in degree of exposure and frequency of wave mobilization, sediments have lowest trafficability of all beaches, natural replenishment rate is the lowest of all beaches, low populations of infauna and epifauna except at lowest intertidal levels.

ESI #7--Exposed flat permeable substrate: flat (less than 3 degrees) accumulations of sediment, highly permeable substrate dominated by sand, sediments are well saturated so oil penetration is limited, exposure to wave or tidal-current energy is evidenced in ripples or scour marks or sand ridges, width can vary from a few meters to one kilometer, sediments are soft with low trafficability, high infaunal densities.

ESI #8--Sheltered impermeable substrate: sheltered from wave energy and strong tidal currents, substrate of bedrock or rocky rubble, variable in oil permeability, slope greater than 15 degrees with a narrow intertidal zone, high coverage of attached algae and organisms.

ESI #9--Sheltered flat semi-permeable substrate: sheltered from wave energy and strong tidal currents, substrate is flat (less than 3 degrees) and dominated by mud, sediments are water-



saturated so permeability is low, width varies from a few meters to one kilometer, sediments are soft with low trafficability, infaunal densities are high.

ESI #10--Vegetated wetlands: marshes and swamps with various types of emergent herbaceous grasses and woody vegetation over the substrate.

Alaska ShoreZone Coastal Habitat Mapping.

An on-going coastal habitat mapping effort is producing an on-line database, digital maps, and color aerial imagery and videos of the coastline in the subarea. This geo-referenced data set collected at low tide includes coastal geomorphology and biological habitat for some intertidal and shallow sub-tidal areas.

Responders have access to several useful tools through the ShoreZone web portal. Low altitude video and high-resolution still photos are available with longitude and latitude and presented spatially on base maps (basic maps, topos, and satellite images). Also, habitat maps can be generated online for attributes such as Oil Residency Index, ESI, and sensitive biota (e.g. eelgrass).

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska

Regional Office hosts the Alaska ShoreZone web portal at: http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/habitat/shorezone/szintro.htm

The Nature Conservancy, an Alaska ShoreZone partner, also hosts an informative online website which has links to ShoreZone information. It can be accessed at: http://www.shorezone.org

3.

Upland Habitats

At this time, no uplands or wetlands classifications directly related to sensitivity to oil spills has been identified. A general wetlands classification has been developed by the U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service and National Wetlands Inventory, in Anchorage. Considerable mapping of wetlands has been completed, some of which are available in a Geographic Information System database (see the following figure). Updated map data is being placed on the National Wetlands

Inventory Internet web site at: http://wetlands.fws.gov/

ESI No.

1 A

1 B

2

3

4

ESI HABITAT RANKING

Estuarine (Marine) Lacustrine (Lake)

Exposed rocky cliffs Exposed rocky cliffs

Exposed sea walls

Exposed wave-cut platforms

Fine- to medium-grained sand beaches

Coarse-grained sand beaches

Exposed sea walls

Shelving bedrock shores

Eroding scarps in unconsolidated sediments

Sand beaches

Riverine (Large Rivers)

Exposed rocky banks

Exposed sea walls

Rocky shoals; bedrock ledges

Exposed, eroding banks in unconsolidated sediments

Sandy bars and gently sloping banks



5

6 A

6 B

7

8 A

8 B

9

Mixed sand and gravel beaches

Gravel beaches

Riprap

Exposed tidal flats

Sheltered rocky shores

Sheltered sea walls

Sheltered tidal flats

Mixed sand and gravel beaches

Gravel beaches

Riprap

Mixed sand and gravel bars and gently sloping banks

Gravel bars and gently sloping banks

Riprap

Exposed flats Not present

Sheltered scarps in bedrock Vegetated, steeply sloping bluffs

Sheltered sea walls Sheltered sea walls

Vegetated low banks Sheltered vegetated low banks

10 A Saltwater marshes

10 B

10 C

10 D

Freshwater marshes

Freshwater swamps

Mangroves

Freshwater marshes

Freshwater swamps

Freshwater marshes

Freshwater swamps

_______________________________________________________________________________

“Environmental Sensitivity Index Guidelines” (October 1995) NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS

ORCA 92



Insert Environmental Sensitivity Index Map Atlas Index http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/aleut/PDFs/ESI_DATA/INDEX.PDF



Insert wetlands status map here http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/base/wetlands99.pdf



C. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

1.

Threatened and Endangered Species

Federally listed threatened and endangered species are protected under the Endangered Species

Act. Spill response activities which could impact a listed species should be coordinated with the

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service. The northern right whale, humpback whale, and short-tailed albatross are also on the State of Alaska's endangered species list. The following species 1 and critical habitat occur in Alaska and have been provided protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.):

Table 1: Endangered Species Act of 1973 Protected species and critical habitat

Listed species Stock Latin Name Status

Short-tailed albatross

Steller’s eider

Spectacled eider

Blue whale

Humpback whale

Alaska breeding

Diomedea albatrus

Polysticta stelleri

Somateria fischeri

Endangered

Threatened

Threatened

Balaenoptera musculus Endangered

Megaptera novaeangliae

Endangered

Fin whale

Sei whale

Sperm whale

Balaenoptera physalus Endangered

Balaena borealis Endangered

Physeter macrocephalus Endangered

North Pacific right whale

Northern sea otter Southwest

Steller sea lion

Eubalaena glacialis

West of 140 degrees N Eumetopius jubatus

Endangered

Enhydra lutris kenyoni Threatened

Endangered

Designated Critical Habitat

Species Group

Whales

Birds

Sea otters

Sea lions

General Reference Area

North Pacific right whale in Bering Sea waters north of False Pass (see map below)

Spectacled eider critical habitat has been designated at Nelson and Izembek lagoons (see map below)

No critical habitat has been designated in the subarea

20 miles seaward around each major haul-out (see map below)

The short-tailed albatross, northern sea otters, spectacled eider, and Steller’s eiders are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. All salmon species are under the jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Regional Office in Seattle, Washington.

The Alaskan bald and golden eagles, though not on the endangered species list, are fully protected (including their nests and nest trees) under the Bald Eagle Protection Act of 1940 and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Spill response activities that could affect these species should be coordinated with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

While the National Marine Fisheries Service has determined the gray whale is no longer a threatened or endangered species, monitoring of the species has continued since the 1994

1 In its definition of species, the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, includes the traditional biological species concept of the biological sciences and “any subspecies of fish or wildlife or plants, and any distinct population segment of any species of vertebrate fish or wildlife which interbreeds when mature” (16 USC 1532).

NMFS uses the term evolutionarily significant unit as synonymous with distinct population segment and lists

Pacific salmon accordingly. For the purposes of section 7 consultations, these are all “species.”



delisting. All marine mammals, whether or not they are on the endangered species list, are protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Any spill response activities, which could affect marine mammals, should be coordinated with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service.

For updated information on the Internet:

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Threatened and Endangered Species web site: http://endangered.fws.gov/

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Threatened and Endangered Species web site: http://alaska.fws.gov/es/te.cfm

Alaska Department of Fish and Game Threatened and Endangered Species web site: http://www.state.ak.us/adfg/wildlife/geninfo/game/es_home.htm

The following figure illustrates locations for critical habitat areas within the Aleutian Island subarea.



Three species of seabirds found within the Aleutian Islands are listed as either endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

These include:



Short-tailed albatross ( Phoebastria albatrus ) (endangered);



Spectacled eider ( Somateria fischeri ) (threatened); and

 Steller’s eider (

Polysticta stelleri ) (threatened).

The population of short-tailed albatross is estimated to be 1,200 worldwide and they are only known to breed in Japan; however, they forage on the outer shelf across the Aleutian Islands outside of their breeding season (Alaska Fish and Wildlife Service). Numerous spectacled eiders and Steller’s eiders moult and over-winter primarily in the eastern Aleutian Islands.

Steller’s eider critical habitat: Map 1 of 2



Steller’s eider critical habitat: Map 2 of 2



The Steller Sea Lion Protection Areas, Gulf of Alaska – Groundfish, Pollock, and Pacific Cod Closures

Federal Threatened/Endangered Species Protected Area. This area was designated in 1990. Steller sea lion critical habitat includes a 20-nautical-mile buffer around all major haul-outs and rookeries, as well as associated terrestrial, air, and aquatic zones, and three large offshore foraging areas. There are 33 recognized rookery sites for this species across the Aleutian Islands and most of the islands are designated critical habitat for this species (NMFS 2010a).

Steller Sea Lion Critical Habitat Map

Source: NMFS 2010b.



North Pacific right whale critical habitat

Other protected areas include Bering Sea Habitat Conservation Area, Aleutian Island Coral Protection

Area, and Gulf of Alaska Slope Habitat Conservation Areas.



2. Fish and Wildlife

(a) Fish

The Aleutians subarea is rich in biological resources. In addition to supporting a commercial fishing industry, the area is also utilized by subsistence users. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game Anadromous Waters Catalog Maps may be found at the following web site: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sf/SARR/AWC/index.cfm?ADFG=maps.selectMap&Region=SWT

ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT

In 1996 Congress added new habitat provisions to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the federal law that governs U.S. marine fisheries management. Under the

Magnuson-Stevens Act, each fishery management plan must describe and identify Essential Fish

Habitat (EFH) for the fishery, minimize to the extent practicable the adverse effects of fishing on

EFH, and identify other actions to encourage the conservation and enhancement of EFH. Federal agencies must consult with NMFS on any action they authorize, fund, or undertake that may adversely affect EFH, and NMFS must provide conservation recommendations to federal and state agencies regarding any action that would adversely affect EFH. Reference information for

EFH in the subarea as identified by the National Marine Fisheries Service, can be found on their internet site at: http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/habitat/efh.htm

Finfish

An additional EFH resource is their interactive mapping Internet site: http://mapping.fakr.noaa.gov/Website/EFH/viewer.htm?simple

Fish species most vulnerable to and oil spill are those with life stages that use intertidal habitat and more than 100 species of fish were identified in recent nearshore habitat surveys. Those species include: anadromous fish, such salmon, trout, Dolly Varden char, and eulachon; groundfish such as walleye Pollock, Pacific cod, rock sole, yellowfin sole, starry flounder,

English sole, butter sole, and copper, dusky, brown, black, dark, and quillback rockfish, and; forage fish such as Pacific herring, Pacific sandlance, capelin, eulachon, shiner perch, Pacific sandfish, and surf smelt. Useful survey information, nearshore species distribution, and nearshore habitat information can be found at: http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov//habitat/fishatlas/

Anadromous fish migrate to and from marine areas from spring through fall, using coastal lagoons, estuaries and river deltas as habitat while making physiological adjustments to travel between marine and fresh water. River deltas are also important rearing and wintering areas for pink and chum salmon that spawn intertidally. Estuaries and lagoons provide important summer habitat for juvenile anadromous fish, but are generally not used in winter. The Alaska

Department of Fish and Game Anadromous Waters Catalog Maps may be found at the following website: http.//www.adfg.alaska.gov/sf/SARR/AWC/index.cfm?ADFG=maps.selectMaps&Regions=SEA

Salmon produced in the Aleutians support important commercial fisheries ranging from stock specific nearshore fisheries to mixed stock fisheries offshore. Adult salmon are in freshwater



from mid-April through early December, depending on the species of salmon and the stream system. Salmon eggs incubate in stream gravels over the winter. Juvenile salmon emerge from the gravel in spring and may rear in fresh water for up to four years before migrating to sea.

Attachment two of this document provides average salmon escapement or average peak index counts for salmon streams in the Aleutian area.

Pink and chum salmon fry have only a brief period of freshwater residence and enter salt water soon after emergence from the spawning beds. The fry reside in nearshore areas for several weeks before migrating offshore. Pink salmon spend one year at sea and chum salmon spend three or four years at sea before returning to spawn. They feed primarily on zooplankton.

Sockeye salmon are most often present in stream systems with lakes that they can access from salt water. Juveniles usually spend one to three years rearing in lakes before migrating to sea in the spring as smolts. Sockeye salmon spend one to four years at sea before returning to their natal stream to spawn. Sockeye salmon feed primarily on zooplankton throughout their life history.

The Chinook salmon is Alaska’s state fish and is the largest of all Pacific Salmon, with weights of individual fish commonly exceeding 30 pounds. Adult Chinook salmon enter fresh water from July to September and juveniles spend one year in fresh water before going to sea. Only a few spawning populations of Chinook salmon occur in southeast Alaska, but many rear for two to five years in inshore marine waters of the subarea. In fresh water they feed on plankton and insects while at sea they eat relatively large prey such as fish and squid. Unlike other salmon species, they are available to commercial and sport fishers all year which also makes them vulnerable to inshore marine pollutants year round.

Coho salmon occur in nearly all accessible bodies of fresh water watersheds to small tributaries throughout the Aleutians. Coho salmon enter spawning streams from July to November, usually during periods of high run off. Juvenile Coho salmon rear from one to four years in freshwater and may spend summers in estuaries. Coho salmon go to sea between March and June and spend eighteen months at sea before returning to natal streams to spawn. Coho feed primarily on insects in freshwater and on fish in marine areas.

Rainbow trout, cutthroat trout, and Dolly Varden char have both resident and anadromous life history forms in southeast Alaska. Resident fish complete their entire life cycle in fresh water and anadromous fish return to freshwater spawning and wintering areas from April through

December. Resident rainbow trout generally spawn during May and June. The anadromous form

(steelhead) spawn from mid-April to June and adults that survive spawning return to the ocean in mid-May to June. Fry emerge several weeks to months later. Steelhead rear two to five years in freshwater before emigrating to offshore rearing areas where they spend one to four years before returning to spawn.

Cutthroat trout are the most common trout in the subarea and occur as both resident and anadromous (sea-run) forms in streams and lakes throughout the Aleutians. They spawn from

March to early June. Sea-run cutthroat trout usually winter in lakes, and adults and smolts migrate to nearshore marine feeding areas and matal stream spawning areas in early spring.

Dolly Varden char spawn from September to October, fry emerge in April and May. All but the smallest streams provide habitat for resident and rearing Dolly Varden, which feed primarily on insects. After several years in fresh water Dolly Varden may become anadromous. Anadromous



fish reside in nearshore marine areas during the summer feeding on small fish and invertebrates, but spend winter in lakes after spawning.

Forage fish - Fish considered forage species are typically small schooling fish found in open waters. However, juveniles of many forage fish species spend part of their lives in the shallow vegetated nearshore areas and there would be more vulnerable to effects of an oil spill.

Forage fish are critically important in the subarea food web as many seabirds, fish, and marine mammals rely on them as prey. These fish feed primarily on plankton and provide the trophic link between primary production (plankton) and the apex predator species (e.g., salmon and groundfish) that commercial fisheries rely on. Some of these species also support important commercial fisheries.

Eulachon are among the most common forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska and are also anadromous, migrating to streams throughout the subarea to spawn in April or May. Spawning eulachon provide a spring feast for bears, eagles, killer whales, seals, sea lions, gulls, and humans.

Pacific herring occur widely across the subarea in water depths from 50 to 100 meters. In

Alaska, spawning is first observed in the southeastern archipelago during mid-March. Spawning is confined to shallow, vegetated areas in the intertidal and subtidal zones. Juvenile herring hatch in about two weeks and may rear in nearshore areas for several months before moving offshore.

Herring are an important food source for many marine mammals in Aleutians. Steller sea lions, humpback whales, gray whales, and killer whales are all known to forage on herring. Steller sea lions, and probably harbor seals, aggregate at herring spawning areas to feed. Capelin are not as numerous in the Aleutians as other areas of the State, but are important forage for higher trophic predators such as seabirds and marine mammals because of their high oil content. They spawn on sandy to small gravel beaches, but the timing and location of spawning varies considerably from year to year.

Pacific sandlance are another forage species in the Aleutians. Sand lance generally spawn from mid November to mid December along sandy shorelines.

Other Forage Fish –Other species in nearshore areas that contribute to the forage base include

Pacific sandfish and smelt. Adult Pacific sandfish generally occur at depths of 100 to 200 meters over sand or mud bottoms but enter nearshore areas to spawn among algaes and may school in bays throughout the subarea. Smelt, including surf smelt and longfin smelt are common but not abundant throughout the subarea and enter nearshore areas to spawn along sandy shorelines at widely varying times and locations. Krill are a very important source of food for marine mammals and birds in the Aleutians, including Endangered Species Act-listed species. Krill are also an important source of food for other forage fish upon which marine mammals and birds rely.

Groundfish are defined for the purpose of management by the State of Alaska as any marine finfish except halibut, omerids, herring, and salmonids. Several species in this group support important commercial sport and subsistence fisheries in the subarea and juveniles rearing in southeast Alaska also contribute to offshore fisheries. Juvenile Pollock, greenling, and sculpin make up a significant portion of the diet of species such as salmon and marine mammals.



Pacific halibut are not considered groundfish because they are managed exclusively by the

International Pacific Halibut Commission. For the purpose of this discussion, however, we include Pacific halibut with groundfish.

Groundfish species common in the Aleutians include: Pacific halibut, arrowtooth flounder, flathead sole, yellowfin sole, flounder, rocks sole, Pacific cod, Pacific tomcod, walleye Pollock, copper rockfish, dusky rockfish, quillback rockfish, yelloweye rockfish, sablefish, kelp greenling, rock greenling, whitespotted greenling, lingcod, and sculpin.

Flatfish such as flounder, sole, and halibut live on low gradient bottoms throughout the subarea.

Large species such as Pacific halibut and arrowtooth flounder generally inhabit deeper more open water areas while smaller flatfish species are more likely to inhabit shallow bays.

Pacific halibut are found throughout the Aleutians and support important commercial, sport, and subsistence fisheries. They spawn in deep water from 180 to 460 meters from November to

January. Older halibut spend winters in deep water along the continental shelf. In summer, adult halibut move to shallow coastal waters (depths of 30 to 300 meters) to forage on fish and invertebrates.

Yellowfin sole and starry flounder spawn and rear in shallow subtidal areas of bays and estuaries. Yellowfin sole juveniles stay in the nearshore area for 3 to 5 years. Starry flounder are resident in shallow flats, estuaries, and lagoons throughout their life. These fish feed intertidally on clam siphons, small fish, and invertebrates. Rock sole and flathead sole inhabit deeper areas of bays; often move into nearshore areas to forage.

Pacific cod and walleye Pollock are common in the subarea, primarily inhabiting straits, channels, and deep bays in the region. Adults are pelagic and are most abundant in water depths from 100 to 300 meters, but commonly occupy a much larger depth range. Juveniles are also pelagic and generally occupy the upper 60 meters of the water column. They feed primarily on pelagic invertebrates (e.g., euphasids) and small fish. These fish spawn in late winter or early spring and due to their abundance, they are extremely important to the ocean’s food web.

Rockfish in the subarea are most abundant along the outer Pacific coast, but also inhabit nearshore reefs and high current areas in inside waters. There are about 30 different species of rockfish in the subarea. Rockfish are long-lived, ovoviparous fish, which become sexually mature between 5 and 15 years of age. Copper rockfish commonly inhabit shallow bays and often feed and rear in eelgrass. Quillback, black, dark and dusky rockfish inhabit nearshore areas characterized by kelp beds, but may also be found with yelloweye rockfish on deeper reefs. The juveniles of many rockfish that as adults live in deep offshore waters are found on nearshore reefs. These fish feed on small fish and invertebrates.

Adult sablefish are demersal species that generally inhabit depths greater than 200 meters. Adult sablefish inhabit some of the deeper straits in the subarea. Sablefish spawn at depth in late winter and the pelagic larvae and juveniles migrate in shore over the next few months. Juvenile sablefish rear for 2 to 3 years in nearshore waters, including the bay and channels in the

Aleutians. Adults feed opportunistically on live prey or as scavengers, while juveniles feed on pelagic invertebrates and small fish.

Greenlings are generally abundant in the subarea and the common species are generally separated by habitat. As you might expect, Kelp greenling are abundant in kelp and algae beds



and rock greenling are most common adjacent to nearshore reefs. Whitespotted greenling s are most common in bays and estuaries. Juvenile greenlings are pelagic and are important as forage in some areas.

Lingcod typically inhabit nearshore rocky reefs and high current areas from 10 to 100 meters in depth. They migrate inshore to spawn in the fall and return to areas farther offshore in winters.

Along the Pacific coast juvenile lingcod are common in shallow bays, but they rarely use such areas in inside waters.

Literally dozens of sculpin species are abundant in the Aleutians. Most are benthic, inhabiting bottoms ranging from vertical rock faces to mud bottom bays. Some, such as the crested sculpin, are pelagic. Nearly all feed on invertebrates and small fish. Their abundance makes them important as forage for some commercially harvested species.

Sharks and skates – Species in the subarea include the spiny dogfish shark, Pacific sleeper shark, salmon shark, Alaska skate, big skate, and longnose skate.

Spiny dogfish are common throughout the subarea and are locally abundant in water less than 150 meters deep over soft bottoms near current junctions. Spiny dogfish are opportunistic feeders and will scavenge or eat many kinds of live prey. The Pacific sleeper shark may grow to 10 meters in length and is one of the largest sharks in the world. Generally considered a scavenger, the sleeper is often one of the first animals to show up at sunken whale carcasses. Salmon sharks are often found near the surface and feed mostly on fish. Skates are common in bays and shallow flats where there is not too much current. Skates feed primarily on clams and other infauna.

Shellfish

Crustaceans (including shrimp and crabs) are important in the diet of many species ranging from forage fish to baleen whales.

Dungeness Crabs are found from the intertidal region to a depth of 230 meters in the Aleutians.

Dungeness crabs are most common on sand or muddy-sand bottoms in the subtidal region, and are often found in or near eelgrass beds. However, they can also be found on a number of other substrata including various mixtures of silt, sand, pebble, cobble, and shell. Juvenile Dungeness crabs are found in similar habitats to adults, but they generally occupy shallower depths than adults. Juvenile crabs can be very abundant in the intertidal zone, but also occur in shallow subtidal areas. Survival of young crabs is greatest in habitats such as intertidal zones and eelgrass beds, where they can gain refuge from predators.

Three species of King Crab are located in the Aleutians: red, blue, and brown. Red king crab larvae generally exhibit a diel movement being most abundant in the upper water column during the day and deeper at night. Young of the year crab occur at a depth of 50 meters or less. They are solitary and need high relief habitat or coarse substrate such as boulders, cobble, shell hash, and living substances such as bryozoans and stalked ascidians. Between the ages of two and four years, there is a change in habitat needs and a tendency for the crab to form pods consisting of thousands of crabs. Podding generally continues until four years of age (about 6.5 centimeters), when the crabs move to deeper water and join adults in the spring migration to shallow water for spawning. Adult red king crabs occur to a depth of 365 meters; preferred habitat for reproduction is water less than 90 meters. Red and blue kings can occur from the intertidal zone to 180 meters



or more. Golden king crabs live mostly between 180-730 meters, but can occur from 90-900 meters.

Tanner Crab larvae are strong swimmers and perform diel vertical migrations in the water column (down at night). They usually stay near the depth of the chlorophyll maximum during the days. The length of time larvae take to develop is unknown, although it has been estimated at only 12 to 14 days. After setting to the bottom, Tanner crabs are widely distributed at depths up to 473 meters. Females are known to form high density mating aggregations consisting of hundreds of crab per mound at depths less than 30 meters. The mounds likely form in the same general location each year, but the location of the mounds is largely undocumented. They form the basis of a thriving domestic fishery from Southeastern Alaska north through the Bering Sea.

The peak hatching period for tanner crabs is usually between April and June.

Pacific Weathervane scallops are found on sand, gravel, and rock bottoms from 45-180 meters.

Sexually maturity occurs at age 3 or 4 and scallops are of commercially harvestable size at 6 to 8 years. Scallops are found in beds (areas of abundant numbers), Scallops are dioecious and they spawn in June and July where the spermatozoa and ova are released into the water. Around one month later, hatching occurs and the larvae drift with the tides and currents. After two or three weeks the larvae will have gained shell weight, settled to the bottom, and attached to seaweed.

Scallops may live to age 18 and they feed by filtering microscopic plankton from the water. They have been commercially harvested throughout Alaska on a sporadic basis due to overharvesting of scallop beds, more lucrative fisheries, and market conditions. Bay scallops occur shallower than weathervane scallops (15-60 meters). They are more easily collected by divers and are frequently harvested in the summer. They are more vulnerable to oil exposure than weathervane scallops as adults.

Shrimp – Pandalid shrimp (northern pink shrimp, humpy/flexed shrimp, coonstripe shrimp, spot shrimp and sidestripe/grant red shrimp) are distributed throughout most major bays and certain nearshore and offshore areas in the Aleutians. Coonstripes and spot shrimp are generally associated with rock piles, coral, and debris-covered bottoms, whereas pink, sidestripes, and humpies typically occur over muddy bottom. Pink shrimp occur over the widest depth range (18

-1500 meters). Humpies and coonstripes usually inhabit shallower waters (5-370 meters). Spot shrimp seem to be caught in the greatest concentrations around 110 meters, but range from 3 to

460 meters. Sidestripes are typically found from 45 to 640 meters, but most concentrations occur in waters deeper than 73 meters. Most shrimp migrate seasonally from deep to shallow waters.

Clams – Razor clams are filter feeders subsisting on plankton. They live in surf-swept and somewhat protected sand beaches of the open ocean. They are found from approximately 1 meter above the mean low water level down to depths of 55 meters.

Blue mussels are found throughout the Aleutians and are found through the intertidal zone up to a depth of five meters densely packed around rock, wood, or other solid structure.

(b) Birds

All migratory birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Any spill response activities, which could affect migratory birds, should be coordinated with the U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service.

Important Bird Habitats/Communities



There are 39 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) designated across the Aleutian Islands. An IBA is an area designated as being globally important habitat for the conservation of bird populations developed by

BirdLife International. To qualify as an IBA, a site must regularly support significant numbers of species of conservation concern; attract large numbers of breeding, wintering, or migrating birds; or support species characteristic of a unique habitat.

Extensive breeding colonies containing millions of seabirds occur on the Aleutian Islands, the

Pribilof Islands, and along portions of the Alaskan Peninsula. An endemic species, the whiskered auklet, only occurs on the Aleutian Islands. Least auklets, red-legged kittiwakes, Aleutian terns and red-faced cormorants – live and breed only in the Bering Sea-North Pacific Ocean zone. The overwhelming majority of fork-tailed storm-petrels and horned and tufted puffins breed in Alaska in the northern Pacific islands. Millions of shearwaters do not breed here, but spend the summer feeding in the waters of the Aleutian Island passes. The Aleutian cackling goose, one of the few species to be removed successfully from the Endangered Species List, is endemic to the Aleutian

Islands, breeding here in the summer.

The Alaskan Seabird Colony Catalog is an automated database that contains the distributions of breeding seabirds and the relative size of all the colonies in Alaska. The data reports indicating estimated species composition and numbers for seabird colonies of Norton and Kotzebue Sound are summarized from the catalog.

The maps display colony locations. The U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Marine and Coastal Bird Project, in

Anchorage, maintain the Alaska Seabird Colony Catalog. Questions or comments regarding the information contained in the Alaska Seabird Colony Catalog should be directed to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in Anchorage at 786-3444.

In addition, the Aleutians serve as a major spring and fall staging area for migrating waterfowl as well as a permanent residence for some species. Wintering and migrating birds concentrate in protected embayments and rocky, intertidal locations. Major staging areas include Izembek

Lagoon, Port Heiden and Nelson Lagoon. The entire population of black brant (150,000 birds on average), Taverner's Canada geese (55,000), and emperor geese (6,000) stage at Izembek Lagoon and neighboring lagoons. Approximately 23,000 threatened Steller's eiders also molt, rest, and feed at Izembek each autumn.

A significant number of bald eagles nest on the many islands found in the Aleutians. Although bald eagles are not on the endangered species list, they are fully protected (including their nests and nest trees) under the Eagle Protection Act of 1940. Spill response activities that could affect bald eagles should be coordinated with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.



Seabird Population-Aleutian Islands East



Seabird Population-Aleutian Islands West



(c) Marine Mammals

Steller sea lions and northern sea otters, both listed as threatened, harbor seals, spotted seals, killer whales, and porpoises are present throughout the year. Several species of endangered baleen whales migrate through the area in the spring and summer. Northern fur seals seasonally inhabit the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Major northern fur seal rookeries and haul-outs occur on the Pribilof Islands and on Bogoslof Island. Rookeries and haul-outs used by sea lions are also located on the Pribilof Islands and throughout the Aleutian Islands and Alaskan

Peninsula. Pacific Walrus occur seasonally in the area of the Pribilof Islands and the northern

Alaska Peninsula. Haul-outs on the Alaskan Peninsula at Cape Seniavin and Port Moller, and on

Amak and Walrus Islands, are used by mature bulls during spring and summer. Dense concentrations of marine organisms occur throughout the Aleutian Islands, including all five species of Pacific salmon, numerous groundfish, herring, crab, shrimp, clams, and a variety of intertidal organisms.

Northern sea otters are distributed at very low densities around most of the island in the Aleutian chain and the island of the lower Alaska Peninsula. Otters generally range from 5 to 16 kilometers offshore and feed in nearshore water less than 35 meters deep. Breeding occurs yearround, with a peak in September and October. Pupping occurs year-round, with a peak in July.

All marine mammals, regardless of whether or not they are on the endangered species list, are protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Any spill response activities which could affect marine mammals should be coordinated with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service. The maps on the following pages locate Steller sea lion rookeries and critical habitat only, sea lions are found throughout the Aleutians.

Humpback Whales are the large whales most frequently observed swimming and feeding close to shore along the coast. 3,000 to 5,000 humpback whales can be found in Southeast Alaska, with higher numbers occurring between March to September. Although very few humpback whales skip annual winter migration, they are present in the Aleutians until early winter. The late season presence of humpback whales in the Aleutians is due to whales leaving late to migrate to the breeding grounds overlapping with whales returning early to Alaska from the breeding grounds. Winter aggregations of humpback whales in the Aleutians are related to the availability of krill and herring.

In the Aleutian islands humpback whales feed primarily on krill. Fish such as herring, capelin, and sandlance are also important. To a lesser extent, other zooplankton, salmon fry, and juvenile Pollock are part of the diet.

Gray Whales feed predominately on infaunal invertebrates. They appear to feed by lying on their sides and suctioning sediment from the sea floor, which they then filter for invertebrates. The eastern North

Pacific population of gray whale has been delisted, but the western North Pacific population is still listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.

Harbor Seals are found year around in the Aleutian Islands in nearshore waters all the way out to the shelf break on the outer coast. Harbor seals tend to concentrate in estuaries, protected waters, and tidewater rocks and reefs. Harbor seals enter lakes and rivers on a seasonal basis.

Harbor seal haul-outs are used for pupping, molting and resting, and may be used year around. Peak haulout use occurs during June through early October. Pupping occurs between late May and early July; most pups are born during the first three weeks of June, and the pups nurse for about three weeks. Births of harbor seals are not restricted to a few major sites (as is the case for many other species of pinnipeds), but occur at many haul-outs. Some areas or particular haul-out sites have disproportionately high numbers of



pups, which may be especially vulnerable to the fouling effects of oil spills. The total Alaska harbor seal population is estimated at 150,000.

(d) Terrestrial Mammals

The majority of large terrestrial animals that occur in the Aleutian Islands are found on the

Alaskan Peninsula as well as on some of the larger islands. Brown bear are found throughout the

Alaskan Peninsula and on Umnak Island, and in the Pribilof Islands. Caribou occur on the

Alaskan Peninsula, Umnak Island, and Adak Island. Reindeer occur on Atka, Umnak Island, and in the Pribilof Islands. Moose generally occur on the Alaskan Peninsula as far west as Port

Moller, although they have been sighted as far west as the east end of Unimak Island.



3. Vegetation

Threatened and endangered plants in the subarea are identified below, along with other rare plant species, as documented by the Alaska Natural Heritage Program. The map on the following page identifies the general locations of these rare plants.

RARE PLANTS KNOWN FROM THE ALEUTIANS SUBAREA

Global Rank State Rank

G1

G1

G1

G4T1T2Q

G2

G2G3

G3

G5T3Q

G3G4

S1

S1

S1

S1S2

S2

S2S3

S1

S3

S2

Scientific Name

Polysticum aleuticum

Saxifraga aleutica

Artemisia aleutica

Artemisia globularia var lutea

Draba aleutica

Douglasia alaskana

Claytonia arctica

Eleocharis nitida

Common Name

Carex lenticularis var dolia Goose-grass sedge

Federal Status

Aleutian Shield Fern* Endangered

Aleutian Saxifrage

Aleutian Wormwood

Aleutian Rockcress

Alaska Rock Jasmine

Arctic Spring Beauty

Species Ranks used by The Alaska Natural Heritage Program:

Species Global Rankings

Neat Spike-rush .

G1: Critically imperiled globally. (typically 5 or fewer occurrences)

G2: Imperiled globally. (6-20 occurrences)

G3: Rare or uncommon globally. (21-100 occurrences)

G4: Apparently secure globally, but cause for long-term concern. (usually more than 100 occurrences)

G5: Demonstrably secure globally.

G#G#: Rank of species uncertain, best described as a range between the two ranks.

G#Q: Taxonomically questionable.

G#T#: Global rank of species and global rank of the described variety or subspecies of the species.

Species State Rankings

S1: Critically imperiled in state. (usually 5 or fewer occurrences)

S2: Imperiled in state. (6-20 occurrences)

S3: Rare or uncommon in state. (21-100 occurrences)

S4: Apparently secure in state, but with cause for long-term concern (usually more than 100 occurrences

S5: Demonstrably secure in state.

S#S#: State rank of species uncertain, best described as a range between the two ranks.

*The Aleutian shield-fern is a small, tufted fern which grows to about 15 centimeters (6 inches) tall and may be confused with more common ferns occurring within its range. It is now known to exist only on Adak Island in the central Aleutian Islands. Three populations totaling approximately 130 "clumps" are located on a single mountain on east-facing slopes having steep cliffs, rock outcrops, and vegetated gullies and ledges. Historically, the Aleutian shield-fern also occurred on Atka Island, but has not been seen there since it was reported in 1932.



Rare Plants Locations in the Aleutian Subarea:



D. HUMAN RESOURCE USES

This sub-section includes an overview of the following socioeconomic resources within the subarea:



Commercial and recreational fisheries;



Subsistence;



Historic preservation sites;





Marine recreation and tourism; and

Coastal development and coastal infrastructure.

The area includes western portions of the Aleutians East Borough (AEB) and extends through the

Aleutian Chain, which is in the Aleutian West Coastal Resource Service Area (AWCRSA).

1. Fish Hatcheries and Associated Ocean Net Pens

Russell Creek hatchery located at Cold Bay is the only fish hatchery in the Aleutians Subarea. As of summer 1992, the hatchery had ceased operation because of lack of funds.

If this hatchery operates in the future, hatchery-related activities most vulnerable to spill damage would include fry rearing and release, terminal harvests and egg takes. The timing of these activities varies by species so it is difficult to generalize about the periods of highest vulnerability, however spring and summer will tend to be the most critical periods. The hatchery manager should be contacted for specific information if the hatchery again becomes operational.

2. Aquaculture Sites

At this time there are no aquaculture sites in the Aleutian Islands or the Pribilof Islands. If any sites are opened in the future, it is important to note that aquatic farms are vulnerable to spill damage on a year-round basis since shellfish are suspended from anchored gear and are submerged continuously in the water column. Harvest takes place year round.

3. Cultural Heritage and Historic Properties

The people who settled along the Aleutian archipelago are often referred to as Aleuts. Russian fur traders gave this name to them, but they prefer to call themselves Unangan, or coastal people. It is believed that the Aleuts migrated across the Bering land bridge from Asia between 12,000 and 15,000 years ago.

The Unangan people lived underneath the earth in semi – subterranean houses called ulax and developed specialized skills to enable survival in the harsh climate. They hunted marine mammals from skin covered kayaks, or iqyax. The Unangan subsisted for centuries and thrived as a culture until the Russian fur traders discovered the Aleutian Islands around 1750. At this time, the Aleut population was estimated at

12,000 to 15,000.

The fur traders from Russia occupied the islands and their people in their quest to obtain sea otters and fur seals. The population of Unangan, or Aleut people was greatly reduced after Russian occupation due to disease, war and malnutrition.

The Aleut people also suffered tremendous loss during World War II (WW II) when the U.S. Government relocated most of the Aleutian Island residents to internment camps located in Southeast Alaska. Many

Aleuts died in these camps further reducing their population. The U.S. Government eventually passed a

Congressional Act in 1988 called the Aleut Restitution Act. The purpose of this act was to pay restitution to the victims of WWII internment.

Currently Aleut people still rely on the sea for their livelihood. Most live a subsistence lifestyle, which includes fishing and hunting. It is believed that today the population of Aleuts is approximately 2,000.



People had, and have, a maritime focused culture in the Aleutian Islands for 10,000 years. During this time every habitable stretch of the coastline was occupied. Sites here can be huge, covering hundreds of acres, or they may be isolated sea caves, dwellings, camps, or burials. The deposits may extend into the littoral zone. Sub-tidal cultural resources of the island chain have never been adequately inventoried but there are several hundred known shipwrecks along the archipelago. More recent historic properties, from the Russian period through World War II and Cold War are also numerous but barely inventoried.

Although Historic Properties do not have to be formally listed on the National Register to merit consideration, t he following list is limited to places on the National Register of Historic Places (NPS

2013).

There are 15 places on the registry in the proposal area, most located in upland areas: o Adak Army Base and Adak Naval Operating Station –Roughly bounded by Cape Adagdak,

Scabbard Bay, and Shagak Bay, Adak Station; o Anangula Archeological District – Underwater Restricted location at Nikolski; o Ananiuliak Island Archeological District—Prehistoric site 8000-8499 BC, 7500-7999 BC o Cape Field at Fort Glenn (Umnak Island)-Military air facility from 1925-1949 o Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and Fort Mears, US Army; o Attu Battlefield and US Army and Navy Airfields on Attu; o Japanese Occupation Site, Kiska Island; and o S.S. NORTHWESTERN Shipwreck Site – Unalaska. o Atka B-24D Liberator Site on Atka Island o Chaluka Site, Nikolski—Prehistoric 1500-1999 BC o Church of Holy Ascension, Unalaska—Architecture/Engineering, Religious Structure o Holy Resurrection Church, Belofski—Architecture/Engineering, Religious Structure o St. Alexander Nevsky Chapel, Akutan—Architecture/Engineering, Religious Structure o St. Nicholas Church, Nikolski—Architecture/Engineering, Religious Structure o Temnac P-38G Lightning, Aleutian Islands (location restricted)- Air related, military significance

The Aleutians Subarea contains a multitude of known and unidentified archaeological and historic sites. Oil spills and hazardous substance releases may result in direct and/or indirect impacts to those cultural resources. On-Scene Coordinators (OSC’s) are responsible for ensuring that response actions take the protection of cultural resources into account and that the statutory requirements for protecting cultural resources are met. Annex M of the Unified Plan outlines

OSC responsibilities for protecting cultural resources and provides an expedited process for compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act during the emergency phase of a response.

4. Subsistence and Personal Use Harvests

Subsistence-related uses of natural resources play an important role in the economy and culture of many communities in the Aleutians Subarea. A subsistence economy may be defined as follows:

...an economy in which the customary and traditional uses of fish, wildlife and plant resources contribute substantially to the social, cultural and economic welfare of families in the form of food, clothing, transportation and handicrafts.

Sharing of resources, kinship-based production, small-scale technology and the dissemination of information about subsistence across generational lines are additional characteristics.

Before 1990, the State of Alaska made all decisions regarding the management of fish and wildlife resources and harvest opportunities. In 1990, however, Federal agencies became



responsible for assuring a federal subsistence priority on Federal public lands, and in 1999 on

Federal reserved waters. The Federal Subsistence Board adopts subsistence regulations that are administered by various Federal agencies on Federal public lands. State regulations still apply on all lands, and the State is still the manager of fish and wildlife on all lands and waters in Alaska.

As a consequence, the number of agencies involved in regulating subsistence uses has increased.

Therefore, in the event of a spill, more extensive coordination will be required in order to address subsistence resources. Regulations regarding subsistence harvest can also be expected to undergo regular modification. Current information on harvest regulations can be obtained from the Alaska

Department of Fish and Game, Subsistence Division at Anchorage; or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service Office of Subsistence Management at Anchorage.

Subsistence uses in the area are extensive and vary by season, resource, and village. Some information about subsistence uses is community-sensitive. Contacts for potentially affected communities are identified in the Response Section, Part One.

Subsistence activities include harvesting, sharing, and consuming vegetative and terrestrial and aquatic animal resources. Nearly all the residents in each of the communities take part in subsistence activities

(ADCED 2010; Sepez et al. 2005). The communities in the region depend heavily on subsistence resources such as (ADCED 2010): o Salmon; o Non-salmon fish species (e.g., cod, flounder, greenling, halibut, rockfish, sablefish, sculpin, sole, char, and trout); o Shellfish; o Marine mammals (e.g., seals); o Land mammals (e.g., caribou, wild cattle, and reindeer); o Birds and bird eggs (e.g., geese); o Marine invertebrates; and o Vegetation.

Federal subsistence fishery regulations require that a community be classified as rural “in order to harvest subsistence wildlife, fish, and shellfish on Federal lands” (Sepez et al. 2005, pg. 293). Designated subsistence use areas within the proposal area have been well documented (LaRoche and Associates

2005). In addition to the communities highlighted in Table 3-11, the following communities and areas are known subsistence harvest areas of importance in and adjacent to the study area: Port Moller, Nelson

Lagoon, Sand Point, Squaw Harbor, Unga, Belkofski, King Cove, Cold Bay, Sanak Island, Pauloff

Harbor, and Umiak Island. The extent of the subsistence use areas that have been documented include: o Port Moller, Herendeen Bay, Bear River, Sandy River, Point Edward to Walrus Island and 3 miles offshore from Cape Kutuzof; o Nelson Lagoon from Walrus Island to Spasuk River (and 3 miles offshore), including Kudobin

Islands; o Izembek Lagoon and Moffett Lagoon extending 3 miles offshore from the barrier islands; o Pavlof Bay/Canoe Bay between Bluff Point and Cape Tolstoi;

Bechevin Bay from the western boundary of Izembek Lagoon to the west of Swanson Lagoon including Cold Bay and offshore areas within a 3-mile limit including north of Bechevin Bay and

Morzhovoi Bay; o Unimak Pass from Seal Cape to Cape Sarichef and extending 3 miles offshore to the western boundary of the AEB and including the northern shore of Unimak Island and southern shore to

False Pass and Deer Island; o Sanak Islands and coastal waters; o Krenitzin Islands including Hot Springs and Akutan Bays on Akutan Island, Lost Harbor, Surf

Bay on Akun Island Akun Island; o Unalaska Island including Wide Bay, Broad Bay, Nateekin Bay, Captains Bay, Iliuliuk Bay,

Summer Bay and Hog Island in Unalaska Bay to Cape Wislow and Reese Bay;



o Umnak Island coastal waters including the Pancake and Adugak Islands; o Samalga, Amutka, and Seguam islands and coastal waters; o Atka and Amlia islands and coastal waters; and o Adak Island and coastal waters.

5. Commercial Fishing

The U.S. has exclusive fishery management authority over all marine fishery resources in the Exclusive

Economic Zone (EEZ), the area extending between 3 and 200 miles offshore as established under the

Magnuson-Stevens Act (US Code Title 16, Section 1801 et seq.

). The fisheries within the Bering Sea–

Aleutian Islands (BSAI) ecosystem are managed under a sophisticated multispecies framework that is based on extensive monitoring by both fishers and managers.

The groundfish fishery in Alaska is the largest commercial fishery in the world. In addition to groundfish, other key species harvested include but are not limited to crab, salmon, and halibut. About 80 stocks of groundfish are recognized and managed in the BSAI ecosystem (NPFMC 2006); chief among these are stocks of walleye pollock, Pacific cod, and Atka mackerel. The federal groundfish fisheries extend southward in the Aleutian Islands west of 170ºW to the border of the EEZ. In addition, herring, crab, halibut and salmon are also fished. The Alaska Department of Fish & Game (ADF&G) manages commercial fisheries near to shore, inside the 3-mile zone. Compared to the federal fisheries, the Statemanaged groundfish fisheries account for a small portion of the total and, in the project area, consist primarily of Pacific cod and black rockfish.

Commercial fleets operate out of most of the communities within the proposed area. Much of the seafood processing labor force comes from outside the region, although individual communities vary as to what portion of labor comes from local sources. The epicenter of commercial fishing in the region is

Unalaska/Dutch Harbor, with its large commercial fleet and processors, as well as offshore floating processors (Sepez et al. 2005).

In 2008, 1.7 million tons of groundfish was caught commercially, generating approximately $2.3 billion in gross value ($880 million in exvessel value). This huge volume of fish accounted for 46 percent of the weight and 20 percent of the ex-vessel value of total US domestic landings. The groundfish fisheries accounted for the largest share (51 percent) of the ex-vessel value of all commercial fisheries off Alaska in 2008, while the Pacific salmon fishery was second with $368 million or 21 percent of the total Alaska ex-vessel value. The value of the shellfish fishery amounted to $252 million or 15 percent of the total for

Alaska and exceeded the value of Pacific halibut by about $43 million (NMFS 2009). While these data represent the aggregated total for Alaska, the Alaska Peninsula/Aleutian Islands region is central to the

Alaska groundfish fishery and accounts for the majority of the Alaskan groundfish catch (as percentage by volume) (NMFS 2004).

Some of the larger fishing ports in the proposed area include Akutan, King Cove, Sand Point and

Unalaska. Adak is also a major fish processing community, particularly for Pacific cod. For communities within the AEB, revenue from the groundfish fisheries is distributed throughout borough communities due to the tax structure.

Employment in the Aleutian Islands communities is closely related to the commercial fishery, particularly the groundfish fishery. Communities with sizeable seafood processing operations (Akutan, King Cove,

Unalaska and Sand Point) typically have very low official unemployment rates. Seafood processing dominates employment in the manufacturing sector of this region.

Taxes from the fisheries are an important source of income for the region. Local raw fish taxes are collected in Akutan, King Cove, Sand Point, and Unalaska, and all but Unalaska are also subject to a



borough raw fish landing tax.

Processing is a major component of the economy in the Aleutian Islands.The offshore processing component paid more than $2 million in Fisheries Resource Landing tax in 1999. This tax is considerably more important in the Aleutian Islands region. Pollock comprises the majority of fish processed in the region (often approximately >90 percent), followed by Pacific cod, and other species such as Atka mackerel, rockfish, sablefish and other groundfish.

The Aleutian Islands region does more inshore processing of groundfish (674,000 metric tons in 2001) than any other region (NMFS 2005). Washington state-based individuals or firms own most of the shore processing facilities in the region; none of the shore processing plants is owned by resident entities

(NMFS 2004).

The Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands (BSAI) crab fishery includes king ( Paralithodes and lithodes spp .) and

Tanner crab ( Chionoecetes spp .). These species are most commonly found using the continental shelf and slope to depths of approximately 1,000 m (NMFS 2004). There are four species of king crab that support the BSAI fisheries including red king crab, blue king crab, golden king crab, and scarlet king crab. This application focuses on the following crab species due to their significance as a commercial species within the project area: o Aleutian Islands red king crab – Red king crabs are taken in areas of all sediment types at depths of 20 to 100 fathoms (120 to 600 feet). o Aleutian Islands golden king crab – Golden king crabs are taken in areas consisting of rough, uneven bottom and in compacted sand cobble sediments at depths of 100 to 400 fathoms (600 to

2,400 feet). Fishery effort is concentrated at the entrances to passes between the islands, particularly in the eastern district. In the western district, the fishery occurs in steep rocky terrain, near passes between islands, and on moderately sloping mud/sand sediments in basins. o Aleutian Islands Tanner crab – Tanner crabs are taken in areas of soft sediment types (silt and mud) at depths of 30 to 110 fathoms (180 to 660 feet) (NMFS 2004).

In 2005, the crab fishery was conducted under the newly implemented Crab Rationalization Program, which established a quota share system for allocating the harvest, including for Eastern Aleutian Islands golden king crab, Western Aleutian Islands golden king crab, and Western Aleutian Islands red king crab fisheries (NMFS 2007). The program also includes geographic landing requirements and transfer restrictions linking Processor Quota Shares (PQS) and Individual Processor Quota (IPQ) to specific fishery-dependent coastal communities with a history of participation in these fisheries. There are nine total Eligible Crab Communities, six of which are located within the proposed area or immediately adjacent to it including Adak, Akutan, Unalaska/Dutch Harbor, False Pass, King Cove, and Port Moller.

Every community but Adak has a “Right of First Refusal” on proposed sales of PQS for use outside of the community.

Dutch Harbor/Unalaska has been one of the nation’s top fishing ports since 1992 (NMFS 2004). In 2000,

50 residents held 103 commercial fishing permits, 17 resident vessel owners operating in the federal fisheries and six operated in the non-federal fisheries (Sepez et al. 2005). In 2005, there were a total of nine processors operating in Dutch Harbor/Unalaska representing a mix of shore plants, offshore, at-sea, and floating processors. Compared to other ports in the Aleutian Islands, Unalaska provides substantial support services for the Bering Sea fisheries. Unalaska can support all range of services for any vessel class in the pollock, crab, and other groundfish fisheries and, for this reason, the support services are heavily dependent upon the success of the groundfish and crab fisheries.

According to EDAW, Inc. (2005), approximately 80 percent of the King Cove workforce is employed by the commercial fisheries. Several large processors are located in King Cove, with Peter Pan Seafoods being the only shore-based processor. Although King Cove once depended heavily on salmon, the community now processes groundfish, halibut, and crab from the Gulf of Alaska and BSAI. In addition,



the community is home to several large crab vessels.

Akutan is a CDQ community, also heavily dependent on the commercial fisheries, that benefits from the allocation of BSAI groundfish and crab to the CDQ program. The largest shore-based processing plant in

North America, operated by Trident Seafoods, is located in Akutan. The facility is self-sufficient (e.g., generates its own power) and can house as many as 825 Trident employees (Trident 2010). A floating processor is also based in Akutan. Fishing vessels delivering to Akutan focus primarily on pollock, crab, and Pacific cod.

Atka is considered the westernmost fishing community in the Aleutian Islands chain (Sepez et al. 2005).

According to the Alaska Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission (ACFEC), in 2000, there were nine permit holders who held 17 commercial fishing permits. Atka Pride Seafoods, a small on-shore processing plant, services the local fleet. In 2008, Atka Pride Seafoods owned and operated by APICDA, accomplished 100 percent hire of local residents for the processing plant (Global Food Collaborative

2010). Despite its limited support services, a number of offshore fish processors carry out crew changes through Atka (Sepez et al. 2005).

False Pass is heavily dependent on commercial fishing as part of the local economy. ADF&G and

ACFEC reported that in 2000, 24 permits were held by 11 permit holders in False Pass (Sepez et al.

2005). At that time, for a population of 64, fishing permits were held by approximately 17 percent of the community. In addition, two vessel owners operated in the federal fishery while 10 vessel owners operated in the salmon fishery. In 2008, APICDA opened Bering Pacific Seafoods and produced headed and gutted fillets. As part of the CDQ program, the plant aims to benefit the region (Global Food

Collaborative 2010).

The following chart provides general information on the timing of major commercial fisheries in the Aleutians Subarea. All fishing seasons are subject, however, to emergency openings and closures and most seasons are only open for a portion of the time specified in the regulations.

Fishing regulations and seasons can change from year to year. Information on which species are currently being harvested may be obtained from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game,

Commercial Fisheries Division in Anchorage.

During the Selendang Ayu oil spill incident, the Alaska Department of Environmental

Conservation commissioned a study to describe the major commercial fisheries that could be impacted by the spill. The complete report can be found at the following link: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/spar/perp/response/sum_fy05/041207201/fish/041207201_fisheries_rpt.pdf

Maps of key commercial fishing areas are available in Alaska Department of Fish and Game publications: Alaska Habitat Management Guide Reference Maps, Southwestern Region, Vols. 1 and 2 and Alaska Habitat Management Guide, Southwestern Region Map Atlas.

As fishing periods are adjusted yearly by emergency openings and closures, contact Alaska Department of Fish and Game for current fishing periods. Updated information may be found at their Commercial

Fisheries web site: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishingCommercial.main

The following groups may be contacted for information on location and timing of fishing and local current conditions. Although the primary function of these organizations is not to provide such information, the individual members will be quite knowledgeable about conditions and are often willing to share information.

Alaska Crab Coalition

3901 Leary Way N.W. #6

Seattle, WA 98107

Bering Sea Fisherman's Association

725 Christiansen Drive

Anchorage, AK 99501



(206) 547-7560

Alaska Draggers Assn.

P.O. Box 991

Kodiak, AK 99615

Alaska Marketing Association

Building C-3, Room 232

Fisherman's Terminal

Seattle, WA 98119

(907) 279-6519

Deep Sea Fisherman's Union / Pacific

5215 Ballard Ave., N.W.

Seattle, WA 98107 (206) 783-2922

Fishing Vessel Owner's Association

West Wall Bldg., Room 232

Fisherman's Terminal

Seattle, WA 98119 (206) 285-3383

American Factory Trawler Assn.

4039 21st Ave. W, Suite 400

Seattle, WA 98199

(206) 285-3739

Peninsula Marketing Association

P.O. Box 248

Sand Point, AK 99661

(907) 383-3600

American High Seas Fisheries Assn. United Fishermen of Alaska

3040 W. Commodore Way

Seattle, WA 98199

211 Fourth Street, Suite 112

Juneau, AK 99801

United Fishermen's Marketing Association

Box 1035

Kodiak, AK 99615

6. Sport Fishing and Hunting

Sport fishing is not as extensive in the Aleutian Island region as it is in the Alaska Peninsula and other parts of Alaska. Coho and sockeye are the two salmon species most frequently targeted in

Dutch Harbor/Unalaska’s freshwater and saltwater sport fisheries (ADF&G 2010f). In 2005, there were at least four charter boat companies operating out of Dutch Harbor/Unalaska and three registered freshwater and six saltwater fishing guides. In 2000, there were 833 sport-fishing permits obtained for Unalaska (Sepez et al. 2005).

The small charter boat fleet in Dutch Harbor/Unalaska provides non-local anglers access to the area’s best known sport fishery targeting halibut that travel in or through waters in the northwestern portion of the project area. In July and August, halibut is often taken in both the

Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Black and dusty rockfish are popular game species found in the

Aleutians and are typically caught nearshore (ADF&G 2010f). In 2000, 42 sport-fishing permits were issued for Sand Point. As of 2000, there were five sport-fishing guides operating out of

Sand Point, four of which focused on freshwater activities (Sepez et al. 2005).

Contact the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for current seasons within the area of the subarea.

Updated information may be found at their Sport Fish web site: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishingSport.main

This Subarea includes State Game Management Units 9D and 10.

7. Marine Recreational and Tourism

The Shumagin Islands and Dutch Harbor/Unalaska are the two main areas of importance to tourism in the



Aleutians. Typically, these areas are rich in biodiversity, are relatively accessible and pristine. Caribou hunting, birding, beach combing, fishing, skiing and kayaking are popular tourist activities in the more established and accessible tourist areas. The tourism industry as a whole is largely dependent on the marine environment. Sport fishing, marine and terrestrial sightseeing, and boating are recreation and tourism activities that residents and visitors enjoy in the subarea. Recreation and tourism is extremely limited in the communities in the subarea, primarily because they do not have the facilities or resources to support such an industry.

Sepez et al. (2005) reports Dutch Harbor/Unalaska has four charter boat companies, three registered freshwater fishing guides, and six saltwater fishing guides. King Cove also has three saltwater sport fishing businesses and two cross over with freshwater.

Smaller communities like Adak have tourism activities on a much smaller scale such as visitors for sightseeing on cruise vessels or the Alaska Marine Highway System Ferry. The ferry and small tour boats also stop in Akutan, Sand Point, Cold Bay, and King Cove and to a limited extent, False Pass.

The subarea includes three national wildlife refuges: o Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, which includes the Aleutian Islands from approximately Unimak Island to Attu; o Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge, which extends from False Pass along the southern portion of the peninsula to just east of Ugashik; and o Izembek National Wildlife Refuge, which includes Umiak Wilderness Area and encompasses the area around the Izembek Lagoon from Morzhovoi Bay to areas north of Cold Bay on the Alaska

Peninsula.

Although these large expanses of public lands are surrounding communities like False Pass and others, they do not add much to the local economies and accessibility is limited. Access to public and tribal lands is by cruise, tour, ferry, or chartered vessels and air and boat taxis. (See also Part 4.A Land Management

Designations)

Public Anchorages and Moorings include:

Akutan Harbor, Akutan Island

Dutch Harbor, Unalaska Island

Nazan Bay, Atka Island

Kuluk Bay, Adak Island

Constantine Harbor, Amchitka Island

Kiska Harbor, Kiska Island

Massacre Bay, Attu Island

Public Recreation Cabins include:

Adak Island

For recreational information, contact:

Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge

Homer, Alaska

235-6546

Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Aleutian Islands Unit

Adak, Alaska

592-2406



Izembek National Wildlife Refuge

Cold Bay, Alaska

532-2445

8. Commercial Tourism

Tourism activities in the subarea include tour boat and ferry boat routes and stops, small boat and kayak use areas, wildlife viewing areas, and bird watching areas.

Key locations of interest: St. Paul Island

St. George Island

Dutch Harbor

The following organizations can be contacted with requests for specific information on location and timing of recreation and tourism activities. Although the primary function of these organizations is not to provide such information, the individual members will be quite knowledgeable about environmental conditions and will often be willing to share information.

8.

9.

Alaska Office of Tourism Development

Alaska State Chamber of Commerce

Alaska Native Tourism Council

Marinas and Ports

Fish Processing

(See B. Resources Section)

Alaska Wilderness Recreation & Tourism Assoc.

East Point Seafood Co.

Dutch Harbor, (206) 284-7571

Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.

King Cove, (206) 728-6000

465-2012

586-2323

274-5400

463-3038

The companies listed below are canneries and major processors with permits issued by the State of Alaska.

Alyeska Seafoods, Inc.

Unalaska, 581-1211

Sans Souci Seafoods

Dutch Harbor, 581-1533

Garden Cove Seafoods, Inc.

St. George Island, (206) 851-2700

Queen Fisheries Inc.

Trident Seafoods Corp.

Sand Point, 383-4848


Akutan, 698-2211 Dutch Harbor, 581-1225


St. Paul Island, 546-2377

Westward Seafoods, Inc.


Unisea, Inc.


Icicle Seafoods, Inc.

Dutch Harbor, (206) 282-0988

Seatech Corp.

Akutan, (206) 782-6007

Adak Seafoods

Snopac Products, Inc.

St. George Island, (206) 764-9230

Icicle Seafoods, Inc.



Adak Island, 279-5900

Unisea, Inc.

St. Paul, 546-2530

St. Paul, 546-2405

10. Logging Facilities

There are no logging facilities in the Aleutians Subarea.

11. Water Intake/Use

The following list of public water intake/use permits was generated from a database maintained by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.

Name of Facility

Atka

City of Akutan

Nelson Lagoon Water System

Location

Atka

Akutan

Nelson Lagoon

State ID No.

260058

260252

260804

Source

Surface

Surface

Surface

Saint George Water System

Saint Paul Water System

Sand Point Water System

USAF Eareckson AFS

City of King Cove

False Pass Treatment Plant

Perryville Water System

Peter Pan Housing

Peter Pan Seafood

USN Lake Andy Rec Area

USN Mitchell Creek

Saint George

Saint Paul

Sand Point

Shemya Island

King Cove

False Pass

Perryville

False Pass

Port Moller

Adak

Adak

260074

260286

260294

260511

260244

262199

260359

260317

261216

262050

260943

Ground

Ground

Ground

Ground

Surface

Surface

Surface

Surface

Surface

Surface

Surface




PART FOUR – LAND MANAGEMENT

A. LAND MANAGEMENT DESIGNATIONS

1. Access to Lands

Land ownership must be determined and landowners contacted to evaluate incident-specific protection priorities, obtain land-use permitting requirements, and obtain permission to access lands. Native corporation lands, as well as local, State, and Federal government lands often require special use permits. If an incident affects private lands or Native Allotments, permission to enter lands should be sought from the landowner. The local Borough government is often the best source of private land ownership records.

2. State

Port Moller State Critical Habitat Area was established in 1972 to protect habitat crucial to perpetuation of fish and wildlife, especially waterfowl. The area includes uplands, tidelands and submerged lands.

Izembek State Game Refuge was established in 1960 to protect natural habitat and game populations, especially waterfowl. The area includes tide and submerged lands.

Port Heiden Critical Habitat Area was established in 1972 to protect natural habitat crucial to the perpetuation of fish and wildlife, especially waterfowl.

3. Federal

Izembek National Wildlife Refuge Covering 320,893 acres, the Refuge faces the Bering Sea on the tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Most of the refuge (300,000 acres) was designated as Wilderness in 1980 under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. The landscape features volcanoes, glaciers, valleys, tundra and lagoons. Izembek Lagoon features one of the largest eelgrass beds in the world. The Lagoon provides a feeding area for migratory birds, particularly during fall migration, including the world's population of Pacific black brant (150,000 birds on average), Taverner's Canada geese (55,000), and emperor geese (6,000). Approximately 23,000 threatened Steller's eiders also molt, rest, and feed at Izembek each autumn. Most waterfowl arrive in August/September. A second wave of mostly sea ducks arrives in November to overwinter. Thousands of shorebirds, as well as brown bear, caribou, ptarmigan, and furbearers inhabit the Refuge. Waterfowl and other sport hunting are primary visitor activities.

Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge Only a portion of this vast Refuge occurs within the

Aleutians Subarea. The entire Refuge covers over 4.5 million acres and consists of over 2,400 islands, headlands, rocks, islets, spires, and reefs along the Alaskan coast, stretching from

Southeast Alaska to Cape Lisburne on the Chukchi Sea. Of this, the Island groups within the

Subarea include the Aleutian (Attu to Unimak), Pribilof, and Shumagin islands.

About 75 percent of Alaska’s marine birds (15 to 30 million individuals from 55 species) use the

Refuge. In addition, it is also home to thousands of sea lions, seals, walrus, and sea otters. Sea otters are listed as threatened in the Aleutian Islands Subarea. Wildlife viewing, photography and backpacking are primary uses of the Refuge.

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas, part five D-61 September 1999

Change 1- April 2009

Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge. The Refuge, established in 1980, lies on the Pacific side of the Alaska Peninsula and covers about 3,500,000 acres. The Pavlof Unit, which abuts the

Izembek NWR, and the North Creek Unit, in the Port Moller area, of the Alaska Peninsula

Refuge are within the Aleutian Islands Subarea. The landscape includes active volcanoes along the Aleutian Range, lakes, rivers, tundra, and rugged coastline. Moose, caribou, wolves, brown bears, and wolverines reside on the Refuge. Sea lions, seals, sea otters (about 30,000), and whales live in the marine environment.

The cliffs, bays and poorly-drained lowlands provide abundant habitat for millions of birds, particularly seabirds, waterfowl, and shorebirds that use the refuge primarily as a staging area during migration to and from nesting grounds in the Arctic.

Seabirds also use the Refuge for breeding. All five species of Pacific salmon (king, coho, sockeye, pink and chum) spawn in the streams and lakes on the Refuge. Brown bears forage heavily in coastal marshes and along shorelines and are particularly susceptible in the spring. Big game hunting and sport fishing are popular uses.

B. LAND MANAGEMENT MAPS

The Alaska Department of Natural Resources, under agreement with the Alaska Department of

Environmental Conservation, produced digital base and land management maps for each of the subareas using their ARC-INFO based Geographic Information System. The following land management maps provide an index to the Public Land Record and should not be viewed as legal documents. These maps are available on the internet at: http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/subareas.html

For more current detailed information on land status, go to the Bureau of Land Management’s Spatial

Data Management System web site at: http://sdms.ak.blm.gov/isdms/imf.jsp?site=sdms and click on the Generalized Land Status layer.



Insert land management map legend here–1 page http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/base/cover1n3.pdf



Insert land management maps here: page 1 of 9 http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/aleut/ai11n3.pdf



























(This page intentionally blank)




ATTACHMENT ONE

ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME

Index Salmon Stream Escapement Data

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas, attachment one

ADFG Index Salmon Stream Escapement Data

September 1999


(This Page Intentionally Blank)

ALEUTIANS SCP: Sensitive Areas, attachment one

ADFG Index Salmon Stream Escapement Data

September 1999


ESTIMATED AVERAGE PEAK INDEX COUNTS FOR SALMON STREAMS IN THE

ALASKA PENINSULA MANAGEMENT AREA*

NORTHERN DISTRICT

Stream/Lake Catalog Number

North Creek

Cathedral River

Trader Mtn Creek

Next to Amco Airstrip

Black Hills Creek

Steelhead Creek

Near Coastal Lake

David’s River

313-10-10340

313-10-10300

313-10-10500

313-10-10800

313-10-11000

313-10-11200

313-30-10140-2006-0010

313-30-10140-2016

Caribou River 313-30-10140

Nelson R./Hoodoo Lake 313-30-10140-2013

S.W. Drill Hole Lake

Peterson Creek

313-30-?

Doe Valley

Buck Valley

Deer Valley

Portage Valley

314-20-10200

314-20-10300

314-20-10410

314-20-10510

Grass Valley

Lawrence Valley

Mine Harbor

Coal Creek

314-20-10600

314-20-10700

314-20-nc

314-20-10900

King

127

3,052

150

455

26

279

78

685

582

345

10

Sockeye

13,208

72,296

1,000

237

51

3,595

346

750

304

260

2,360

3,688

784

3

Coho

3,843

14,926

862

350

153

327

380

1,038

Pink (Odd) Pink (Even)

3,500

200

100

10

10

17,000

14,100

714

150

900

4,500

50

180

400

1,350

1,250

5,000

34,566

*Represents the peak index counts averaged over all years where data was collected and maintained by ADF&G.

Chum

387

54,535

0

33

6,275

17,640

4,236

3,510

34

263

32

317

421

0

108

1,011

Aleutians SCP: Sensitive Areas, attachment one

ADFG Index Salmon Stream Escapement Data D-76

September 1999

Change 1, April 2009



NORTHERN DISTRICT


Mud Bay 314-30-10500

Head Creek, Right Head 314-30-10700

Right Head Creek

Left Head Creek

314-30-10900 (10950)

314-30-11200, 11100,

11000

Frank’s Lagoon

King Salmon River

315-10-10200

315-10-10300

Bear River, Branches

Sandy River and Lake

315-11-10200

315-12-10100

Lime Creek 316-10-10070

Unn; C Seniaven/3 Hills 316-10-10100

SW of 3 Hills

Ocean River

Ilnik River/Estuary

Unanagashak River

Willie Creek

Charles Creek

316-10-10600

316-20-10100

316-20-10310

316-20-10700

316-20-10710

317-20-10200

King

25

6

1008

68

379

427

228

53

Sockeye

500

625

500

22,595

35,413

260

263

138

9,643

36,546

7,712

349

Coho

50

200

50

100

450

25

20

400

2,635

19,327

1,666

291

1,000


300

1,000

150


Chum

26,350

106,170

1,769

13

17

819

851

15

633

0

0

0

301



September 1999




NORTHWESTERN DISTRICT


Tugamak River

Divide Creek

Whaleback Mtn Creek

Christianson Lagoon

311-20-nc

311-32-10600

311-32-10700

311-32-10800

Mud Hole

Clear Lagoon

Emil’s River

311-32-11000

311-32-nc

North Creek

Big River

Swanson Lagoon

Mike’s Valley

Anderson’s Creek

Trader’s Cove

Warmsprings Bay

Hungry’s Creek

Norma Bay Lakes

Mike’s Duck Camp

311-42-10100

311-42-nc

311-52-10100

311-52-10200

311-60-10100

311-60-10600

311-60-10700

311-60-11200

311-60-11409

312-20-10100

Frosty Creek

Blue Bill Lake

Outer Marker Lake

312-20-10200

312-20-10600

312-20-11000-0010

312-20-11300

Springs S Frosty Creek 312-20-10540

2 nd W of Frosty Creek 312-20-10570

Joshua Green River

Moffet Springs Creek

Moffet Creek

312-40-10100

312-40-10200

312-40-10300

King Sockeye

25

1,033

34,800

2,256

1,250

404

115

6,118

4

102

304

301

240

120

3,476

1,585

194

351

8,697

549

3,107

807

12

Coho

4,250

680

700

2,050

200

400

100

4,090

200

1,320


30

440

543

233

141

702

200

800

100

2,600

4,925

4,586

18,466

700

14,844

500

550

500

30

825

850


Chum

111

433

319,810

133

353

0

51,300

3,536

492

795

2,238

1,325

69,100

162

216



September 1999




SOUTHEASTERN DISTRICT


Dorenoi Bay SW

Dorenoi Bay NE River

Suzy Creek

West Cove

281-10-10100

281-10-10200

281-10-10300

281-20-10100

Chichagof Lagoon Only 281-20-10300L

Chichagof Bay W Side 281-20-10200

Chichagof Bay Stream 281-20-10300

Chichagof Bay E Side 281-20-10400

Windbound Bay

Orzinski Bay

Little Norway

Clark Bay SW

Clark Bay NE

Grub Gulch

1 st Stm N Rock Well

2 nd Stm N Rock Well

Louie’s Corner

Big River

Stepovak River

Granville Portage

Granville Bay

Osterback’s Creek

281-20-10500

281-31-10300

281-32-10100 and 10150

281-32-10200

281-32-nc

281-32-10400

281-33-10100

281-33-10100-2002

281-33-10300

281-34-10100

281-34-10050

281-34-10050-2002

281-34-10100

281-34-10200

281-34-10300

281-34-10400

Stonehouse

Island Bay 3404

Island Bay 3405

Island Bay 3406

Island Bay 3407

Island Bay 3408

281-34-10500

281-34-10500-2002

281-34-10700

281-34-10800

King Sockeye

10

12,272

93

Coho

300

600

250

383

20

566

560

575

200

700

300



6,162

5,152

12,900

275

4,068

9,817

14,103

915

6,758

3,875

750

775

10,884

3,416

39,957

2,088

18,666

4,398

13,938

6,851

2,085

29,565

13,146

11,441

27,600

3,500

3,920

2,725

3,171

3,516

600

3,350

8,414

8,676

775

3,147

3,116

555

576

12,742

1,927

63,103

1,901

8,000

4,321

8,457

3,429

3,011

20,585

9,219

6,165

350

22,876

1,766

1,740

Chum

142,270

59,130

75,440

2,586

40

521

2

89

31

3,516

165

69

4

84,000

386

10,128

3,616

11

258

6,736

5,815

166

10,123

16,488



September 1999






Fox Bay 3501

Fox Bay 3502

Fox Bay 3504

Fox Bay 3505

281-35-nc

281-35-10200

281-35-10400

281-35-10500

Boulder Bay

Near Bluff Point

Smiley’s Creek

Beaver River

Kagayan Flats

Cape Aliaksin, West

Cape Aliaksin, Center

Cape Aliaksin, East

281-35-10600

281-35-nc

283-70-10400

283-70-10500

283-70-10600

283-80-10300

283-80-nc

283-80-10500

Lefthand Bay Kagayan 283-80-10800

Foster Creek

Monolith Pt. Creek

Foster’s Camp Creek

Johnson Creek

Coleman Creek

Ballast Is. Stream

Swedania Pt. Stream

Rough Beach

283-80-10900

283-80-11090

283-80-11200

283-80-11410

283-80-11500

283-80-11600

283-90-10100

283-90-10200

W Side San Diego Bay 283-90-10300

San Diego Lgn & Strm 283-90-10400

Apollo Creek Minor 282-10-10200

Apollo Creek Major

Acheredin Lake

282-10-10300

282-10-10400

Unnamed 1010

Apollo Gold Mine

Unga Cape Stream

282-10-11100

282-10-nc

282-10-nc

King Sockeye

5,890

100 100

Coho

500

500

2,000

150

20

300

1,352

200

200

1,500

1,800



6,265

9,543

150

19,275

20,524

1,020

9,680

2,925

4,813

250

25

8,902

1,880

6,837

1,038

1,236

1,551

1,300

7,985

17,890

6,593

2,041

6,868

13,822

13,963

1,982

1,225

6,860

3,434

825

23,965

25,100

296

7,635

3,913

12,580

5,191

57

650

3,955

928

1,663

942

176

6,166

15,877

6,625

2,417

7,158

11,981

11,882

1,425

800

Chum

27,550

139,150

29

33

50

1,621

46,400

4

46

7

706

152

296

153

5,803

60

18

70,716

116

200,780

90,437

336

247



September 1999






Johnny Nelson Lake

Squaw Harbor Minor

282-10-11300

282-10-11450

Squaw Harbor Major 282-10-11600

Ben Green Bight-Farm 282-10-11300

NE Unga Is. 282-10-nc

Humboldt Creek-Popof 282-10-11800

Red Cove-Popof

Salmon Ranch-Popof

282-10-nc

282-11-10010

Fox Hole-Popof

W Side Korovin Bay

Korovin Lake

Coal Harbor West

Zachary Bay 1202






2 nd Stm S of Qtz Pt

1 st Stm S of Qtz Pt


Unga Spit

Dry Lagoon

Bay Point

282-11-10300

282-11-nc

282-11-10600

282-12-nc

282-12-nc

282-12-nc

282-12-nc

282-12-nc

282-12-10600-2008

282-12-10600

282-12-10800

282-12-10900

282-12-11000

283-80-nc

283-13-10600

282-13-10500

Pinnacle Pt St

2 nd Str S of Pinn Pt

3 rd Str S of Pinn Pt

282-13-10400

282-13-nc

Sanborn Hbr, S E Hbr

282-13-nc

282-22-nc

Lagoon Lake, Sanborn 282-22-nc

Head of Sanborn Hbr 282-22-10400

King Sockeye

115

421

1

Coho

125

706

170

502

2,000

100

224



1,474

722

1,597

1,278

1,160

3,610

13,952

2,171

175

50

2,100

5,083

34,823

7,307

50

636

909

3,288

3,500

279

1,077

833

1,740

3,197

323

305

322

396

107

250

25,813

16,222

12,032

141

150

1755

10

4,012

1,700

3,753

29,353

5,496

25

394

100

608

2,228

200

181

645

597

749

1,400

Chum

33

35

45

25

29

4,469

11,897

1,000

6

20

84

277

1,325

7

27

50

60

2



September 1999




SOUTHCENTRAL DISTRICT

Stream/Lake

SW Strm, Long J. Lgn

Long John Lgn, 2 S.

Spring Fed Lakes

Long John Lagoon

Cape Tolstoi

Coal Bay 6202

Coal Bay 6203

Coal Bay Unnamed

Coal Bay Main Stream

Lower Chinaman Lgn

Chinaman Lgn South

Chinaman Lgn Main

Chinaman Lgn North

Ruby’s Lagoon

Dry Lagoon

Middle Creek

Settlement Point

Bluff Point Creek

Canoe Bay River

Wolverine Gulch

Entrance Creek

Inner Canoe, S Side

Ness Creek

Mino Creek

E. of Mino Creek

McGinty’s Point

Catalog Number

283-51-10020

283-51-10030

283-51-10040

283-51-10050

283-62-nc

283-62-10200

283-62-10300

283-62-10400

283-62-10500

283-65-nc

283-65-10200

283-65-10300

283-65-10400

283-65-10500

283-65-10600

283-63-11500

283-63-11600

283-64-10500

283-64-10600

283-64-10700

283-64-10800

283-64-10900

283-64-11000

283-70-10100

283-70-10200

283-70-10300

King Sockeye

2,196

694

75

6

1,628

1,250

5

Coho

1,600

1,000

1,900

200

200

1,000

333

1,000

50

618

100


135,985

13,375

11,050

2,000

29,275

2,212

206,657

60,871

28,384

1,271

200

325

100

1,025

1,758

1,360

20,587

66,871

200

66,071

181,375

11,000

13,225

3,087

14,693

700

2,711

135,156

46,085

12,262

2,512

375

550

500

3,933

2,450

1,700

20,275

65,100

600

100

95,700


Chum

2,285

12,820

40

1,100

6

15,850

5,837

17,500

1,860

45

1,928

110

500

227

2,000



September 1999




SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT


Near Egg Island

Hansen’s Creek

Middle Lagoon

Cannery Creek

283-20-10020

283-12-10100

283-12-10400

283-12-11200

Little John Lagoon Sspt 283-12-11300

Little John Lagoon Strm 283-12-11330

Sandy Cove Stream

McGinty’s Creek

283-20-10100

283-20-10300

SW Bight Creek

Thin Pt Lgn & Ent

Thin Pt West

Thin Pt Lake Str

283-20-10400

283-20-10700

283-20-?

283-20-10700-0010-?

Thin Pt Lake

Fox Island Anc. East

283-20-10700-0010

283-31-10100

Fox Island Anc. Center 283-31-10200

Fox Island Anc. West 283-31-10300

Paw Cape (Deer Isl.)

Southern Creek

283-31-10580

283-31-10600

Eastern Creek 283-31-11000

Old Man’s Lagoon Str. 283-32-10100

W Side King Cove Lgn 283-32-10400

Head King Cove Lgn

Ram’s Creek

283-33-10450

283-33-10500

Mortensen Lagoon

Russel Creek

283-34-10100

283-34-10200

Trout Creek

Kinzarof Lgn, North

Kinzarof Lgn, Middle

Kinzarof Lagoon

283-34-10300

283-34-10500

283-34-10600

283-34-10700

King Sockeye

10

3,216

274

80

353

258

951

8,896

205

2,900

3,331

626

5,568

3 1

Coho

1,000

100

100

1,616

1,520

458

2,000

4,269

200

3,500

173

20

1,000

1,000



7,514

107,650

34,462

13,385

7,625

83

2,883

3,237

264

50

642

3,987

13,555

2,937

21,242

2,914

20,587

4,962

147,562

29,900

1,000

200

20,825

32,662

635

350

5,394

28,733

580

206

1,731

10,225

14,711

6,200

45,500

6,000

27,555

Chum

666

5,025

778

1,930

166

292

35

2,380

18

1,527

265



September 1999




SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT

Stream/Lake

Barney’s Creek

Catalog Number

283-34-10900

Delta Creek Lenard Hbr 283-34-11000

Lenard Hbr. South 283-34-11100

Belkofski Village Creek 283-41-10100

Indian Head

Belkofski Bay, West

Belkofski Bay Beach

Belkofski Bay River

Captain’s Harbor

283-42-10300

283-42-10500

283-42-10700

283-42-10900

Kitchen Anchorage

Rocky River

Dolgoi Hbr, Normal

Dolgoi Hbr, South

283-42-10930

283-42-11000

283-42-11200

283-51-10300

Dolgoi Hbr, SW

Nikolaski

Little Bear Bay

Stub Creek

283-51-10600

283-51-10500

283-52-10010

283-52-10200

Stream Guard Creek

West Spring Holes

Volcano Sloughs-Ctr

Volcano River

Ikatan Pt Stream

Swede’s Lake

283-52-10400

283-52-10500-2009

283-52-10500

283-52-10700

284-60-10100

284-60-10200

284-60-10400 Ikatan River

Whirl Point

Sankin Bay Creek

Whalebone Bay

Deadman’s Cove

284-60-10500

284-60-10600

284-60-10700

284-60-10800

King Sockeye

301

1,081

823

6

10

Coho

300

150

1,250

568

62

200

1,075

333

400

400

3,000



1,400

621

10,787

3,637

6,587

608

230

1,680

4,88

292

350

4,642

7,775

1,962

1,028

30,160

5,318

4,875

900

4,466

2,757

4,885

18,320

316

200

5,488

6,525

3,300

3,475

600

16,437

2,712

6,655

15,162

387

9,125

3,962

5,487

771

96,125

9,787

7,944

2,057

28,672

7,488

12,677

2,822

12,655

5,975

7,625

20,785

883

983

5,955

11,100

3,728

Chum

575

21

1,385

10

63

17,650

766

118

3,950



September 1999




UNIMAK DISTRICT

Stream/Lake Catalog Number King Sockeye Coho Pink (Odd) Pink (Even)

Head Falmouth Hbr

Dodd’s Bay, East

282-22-10500

283-10-10080?

2 mi. S of Sanak Village 283-10-10065

W. Sanak Island Trinity 283-10-10070

Washwoman Creek

Sandy Bay

Salmon Bay

Lazaref River

283-10-10080

283-10-10090

283-10-10100

284-40-10100

Otter Cove, South

Otter Cove, North

Dora Harbor, Left

284-40-10400

284-40-10500

284-40-10900

400

20

866

1,600

566

4,300

30

300

7,000

2,500

1,000

2,000

174

1,050

100


400

250

400

1,850

1,300

1,000

1,700

9,137

18,311

480

Chum

1,162

90



September 1999




UNALASKA DISTRICT


No Name Cove

Station Bay, W. Arm

Station Bay, Center

Station Bay, East

302-21-10300

302-21-nc

302-21-10400

302-21-10420

Chernofski Hbr. Creek 302-21-10650

Aspid Bay 302-22-10100

Kismaliuk Bay, West

Kismaliuk Bay

302-22-10150

302-22-10200

Kismaliuk Bay, East 302-22-10300

Kashega Lake System 302-22-10510

McIver Bight

Pumicestone Bay

302-22-10600

302-22-11100

Pumicestone Bay #1

Pumicestone Bay

302-22-nc

302-22-11800

Skan Bay, West Arm 302-23-10140

Skan Bay, Lake System 302-23-10150

Skan Bay, Main

Kof Point

Volcano Bay

Naginak Cove

Cannery Bay

Portage Bay #4

Portage Bay #3

Portage Bay #2

Portage Bay #1

Humpback Bay #1

Humpback Bay #2

302-23-10280

302-23-nc

302-23-10800

302-24-10210

302-24-10400

302-24-10600

302-24-10700

302-24-10800

302-24-nc

302-24-11000

302-24-11100

King Sockeye

971

7,091

1,278

898

Coho

450

100

150

1,700


1108

100

5,900

1,421

108

1,670

1,200

21,676

4,765

1,125

6,991

107

931

200

366

50

480

100

900

1,875

875

15,090

600

125

265

2,345

2,000

3,566

2,559

3,000

73,340

21,343

500

5,800

10,983

20,716

22,344

14,700

13,100

2,100

28,471

27,507

9,683

46,284

14,044

2,000

14,300


Chum

22

44

1

71

25



September 1999




UNALASKA DISTRICT


Glacier Valley

Makushin Village

Driftwood Bay Stream

McLees Lake

302-24-11200

302-24-11300

302-25-10300

302-25-10400

Unnamed, Kalekta Bay 302-30-11400

Makushin Valley 302-31-10900

Nateekin River

Captain’s Bay Stream

302-31-10800

302-31-10700

Pyramid Creek

Unalaska Village

302-31-10600

302-31-10500

Summer Bay 302-31-10030

Humpy Cove (Sum Bay) 302-31-10020

Morse Cove

Erskine Bay

Kisselin

Kuliliak Bay Lake

Uniktali

Surveyor Bay, West

1 st W of Mt Tum Tum

302-31-10010

302-50-10750

302-50-10800

302-80-?

302-50-10600 or 10610?

302-90-10200

302-90-10300

King Sockeye

221

774

40

123

100

2,241

2,283

1

1

Coho

350

1

1

553


10,265

336

200

12,875

28,886

5,335

147

3,391

450

5,437

100

27,250

1,178

1,877

16,500

100

21,289

74,340

6,192

170

8,815

4,978

7,636

676

1,650

10,000

2,500

27,950

16,600


AKUTAN DISTRICT

Stream/Lake

Akutan Harbor Creek

Catalog Number

302-16-10300

King Sockeye Coho Pink (Odd) Pink (Even)

4,650


Chum

14

Chum



September 1999


ATKA-AMLIA DISTRICT



Stream/Lake

Hungry Bay (West)

Hungry Bay

Hungry Bay

Hungry Bay (East)

Unnamed

Unnamed

Chalugas Bay (West)

Chalugas Bay (East)

Inner Vasilief Bay

Vasilief Bay

Vasilief Bay

First Camp Creek

Unnamed

Banner Bay

Egg Bay – East

2-1/2 Mi. E. Egg Pt

West Sarana Cove

East Sarana Cove

Outer Sarana Cove

Martin Harbor

Korovin Cr./Lake

Catalog Number

305-52-10400

305-52-10500

305-52-10600

305-52-10700

305-52-11100

305-52-11200

305-52-11300

305-52-11400

305-32-11900

305-32-12300

305-32-12400

305-32-12700

305-32-12900

305-42-11400

305-42-12000

305-42-12100

305-42-12200

305-42-12300

305-42-12150

305-42-12500

305-42-12600

King Sockeye

4

2

1

706

Coho

3

3

4


164

473

147

1,244

527

14

5

167

156

68

6

30

94

396

1,574

35

1,023

461

1,475

2,880

6,242

42

4,576

120

4,270

2,020

3,090

8,900

1,020

880

3,790

780

2,056

8,265

3,116

6,849

4,585


Chum



September 1999


ATKA-AMLIA DISTRICT



Stream/Lake

NE Sarana Cove

Clear Cr./Milky River

Old Harbor

North Harbor

Old Harbor (South)

Old Harbor (North)

Cape Kudugnak

Spike’s Camp

Army Dock Creek

Range Creek

Chalugas Bay

Atka Village Creek

Dancing Creek

Catalog Number

305-42-12350

305-42-12800

305-42-12900

305-42-13000

305-52-11460

305-52-11620

305-52-11500

305-52-11480

305-52-11340

305-52-11600

King

1

Sockeye Coho

2

1


894

1,081

51

57

4,074

298

860

11,606

15,182

214

422

800

340

296

3,442

4,645

9,580

7,688

1,312

5,041


Chum

1

4

2



September 1999


Attachment 1: Wildlife Protection Guidelines – Pribilof Islands

For the Pribilof Islands Wildlife Protection Guidelines, please visit the following website: http://www.dec.state.ak.us/spar/perp/plans/scp_al.htm



September 1999


Sensitive Areas Section - Aleutian Islands Risk Assessment Project

ALEUTIANS SUBAREA CONTINGENCY PLAN

SENSITIVE AREAS

SECTION

INTRODUCTION

PART ONE – INFORMATION SOURCES

PART TWO - AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL

CONCERN

PART THREE - RESOURCE SENSITIVITY

PART FOUR – BIOLOGICAL AND HUMAN USE

RESOURCES

RARE PLANTS KNOWN FROM THE ALEUTIANS SUBAREA

PART FOUR – LAND MANAGEMENT

ATTACHMENT ONE

ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME

Index Salmon Stream Escapement Data

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