How is the South African society benefiting
from science, technology and innovation?
The Second CPSI Public Sector Innovation Conference:
People-centered Innovation
Emperors Palace, 27-28 November 2008
Vuyani Lingela,
General Manager: International Cooperation and Research
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Contents
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1.
What is the relationship between science, technology and innovation and
economic development?
2.
How are the South African innovation actors contributing to national
competitiveness through science, technology and innovation?
3.
How are the South African innovation actors contributing to poverty
alleviation and employment creation through science, technology and
innovation?
National Competitiveness
Wealth Creation
Quality of life
• Technology based growth
• Technology Achievement Index
S&T Human
Capital
• Researchers in workforce
• Demographics of SET workforce
Future R&D
capacity
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Technical progress
(Improvement and
Innovation)
• Patents
• Business R&D intensity
• ICT uptake indicators
Current R&D
Capacity
• Share of publications
• R&D intensity (investment)
• University enrolments
• S&T post-graduate degrees
• University entrance in Maths and Science
Business
performance
• Technology/ trade mix
• Key sector performance
• New sectors (e.g. biotech)
Imported
know-how
• Technology balance of payments
Innovation Management
ACTIVITIES
Business Development
Research & Development
Human Resource Development
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
Financial Institutions
Research Institutions
Industry
Education Institutions
Government
ACTORS
Source: Lingela, Buys and Shimozawa (2007)
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Economic Development
What is the relationship between science, technology and
innovation and economic development?
Real world examples?
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Economic & Scientific Wealth
Source: DA King, Nature 430 (2004) 311 (15 July 2004)
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Africa’s exports to the world
60.0
?
40.0
20.0
0.0
2000 Yr
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
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EU
US
Asia
52.2
19.1
16.4
Major importers of SA
passenger cars
20.0
10.0
0.0
2000-02 Yr
Germany
Japan
UK
US
20.9
17.4
17.2
11.7
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
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Australia Namibia
10.4
8.1
Africa’s exports to Asia
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
2001 Yr
South Africa
Angola
Nigeria
Egypt
Zimbabwe
Zambia
37.8
9.9
8.0
3.0
1.7
1.1
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
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Goods exported to Asia
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Liberia
Platinum
Pulpw ood
Iron Ore
Coal
Aluminum
Gold
Ferro-alloys
Diamonds
Copper
Ships, boats
Crustacean
0
10
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Goods exported to Asia
Japan
Korea
China
India
Ships, boats
Diamonds
Pulpw ood
Platinum
Crustacean
Ferro-alloys
Iron Ore
Aluminum
Coal
Copper
Gold
0
11
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
Goods exported to Africa
Japan
Korea
China
India
Piston engines
Machinery (constr & mining)
Motor vehicle parts
Passenger cars
Tires
Motor vehicles
Telecom parts
Fabrics, textiles
0
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
12
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Goods exported to Africa
South Africa
Egypt
Zimbabwe
Kenya
Piston engines
Motor vehicle parts
Fabrics, textiles
Telecom parts
Passenger cars
Motor vehicles
The World Bank Group (2004)
Tires
Source: The World Bank Group (2004) 0
13
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Export & import of Africa’s
cut flower
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Exports, 2000-02 Yr
Imports, 2000-02 Yr
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
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Kenya
Zimbabwe
South Africa
50.9
19.9
9.5
Netherlands
Japan
61.8
2.1
Major recipients of Japanese FDI
80
60
40
20
0
1991-2002 Yr
Liberia
South Africa
Tanzania
Mauritius
Egypt
74.9
18.2
2.7
1.1
0.9
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
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Japanese investments in Africa
100
75
50
25
0
1971-80
1981-90
1991-02
Manufacturing
5.3
3.1
20.2
Non-Manufacturing
94.5
96.9
79.7
Mining (30.5%)
Transportation (56.6%)
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
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Mining (1.2%)
Transportation (67.4%)
Major recipients of Korean FDI
•Hotels and restaurants
•Manufacturing
•Trade and retail
40.0
20.0
0.0
1968-2002 Yr
Algeria
Sudan
South Africa
Morocco
Nigeria
41.7
28.8
14.8
10.3
4.4
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
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Major recipients of Chinese FDI
•Manufacturing
•Resource
development
20.0
10.0
0.0
2001 Yr
Zambia
South Africa
Mali
Tanzania
Zimbabwe
18.5
15.3
8.0
5.4
4.6
Source: The World Bank Group (2004)
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National competitiveness
How are the South African innovation actors contributing to
national competitiveness through science, technology and
innovation?
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Joule: Africa’s first battery
electric car
Source: Optimal Energy (Pty) Ltd (2008)
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Joule: Africa’s first battery
electric car
1. An investment from the Innovation Fund, an agency of the DST, made this
venture possible.
2. The current shareholders in Optimal Energy comprise executive
management, the Innovation Fund and the Industrial Development
Corporation (IDC) of South Africa.
Source: Optimal Energy (Pty) Ltd (2008)
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Ravin 500: Advanced piston
engine for general aviation aircraft
Source: ADEPT Airmotive (2008)
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Ravin 500: Advanced piston
engine for general aviation aircraft
1. What is probably the most advanced piston engine for general aviation
aircraft in the world today has been developed by Adept Airmotive in South
Africa.
2. Funding was obtained from Tanglewood Private Equity. Subsequently, a
grant for R13,5-million over three years was obtained from the Innovation
Fund (IF) ), an agency of the DST.
3. The company has also benefited from the Technology Stations Programme
(A Programme of the DST, GTZ and HESA):
– Composites Technology Station at the Durban University of Technology
and
– Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing Technology Station at the Central
University of Technology.
Source: Engineering News (2007, 30 November)
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Johanna Solar Technology
Source: Johanna Solar Technology GmbH (2008)
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Johanna Solar Technology
1. Helped with funding from the Innovation Fund, an agency of the DST, Prof
Vivian Alberts and his Team at the University of Johannesburg have brought
the so-called CIGSSe (copper, indium, gallium, sulphur and selenium) thin
film technology to a marketable state over 13 years of development work.
2. Johanna Solar Technology GmbH acquired the licence in August 2005, and
the company is now building the world's largest production site for siliconfree thin film solar modules based on this CIGSSe technology at
Brandenburg an der Havel.
3. Johanna Solar Technology GmbH has granted a first license to the Chinese
company Shandong Sunvim Solar Technology Co. Ltd. for the construction
of a thin film solar module production plant.
Source: Johanna Solar Technology GmbH (2008, 10 March)
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Poverty alleviation and
employment creation
How are the South African innovation actors contributing to
poverty alleviation and employment creation through
science, technology and innovation?
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Poverty alleviation and
employment creation
Prof. Simphiwe Mini
General Manager: Technology for Social Impact
Mr. Lucky P. Khumalo
Manager: Monitoring & Coordination
Tel: +27 12 317 4449/4499
Fax: +28 86 681 0040
E-mail: Lucky.Khumalo@dst.gov.za
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DST Technology for Social Impact
1. Funding of initiatives with social impact
2. Funding initiatives that will grow into sustainable businesses
3. Technology Sourcing and Transfer
– Source skills, knowledge, and equipment from the NSI
– Provide partnership with other Government Departments
4. Collaboration with Local Players
– Government
– Communities
5. Integrated Manufacturing Strategy (IMS) through the DTI
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DST Technology for Social Impact
6. Focus on Post-Harvest Agro-processing (beneficiation, value-addition)
technologies.
7. Sources of technologies & skills
• Science Councils (CSIR, ARC, MRC, MINTEK, HSRC, etc)
• Higher Education Institutions (Universities & Colleges, etc)
• Private Sector
• Government Departments
• NGO’s and Innovators
8. Establish viable community-owned businesses where skills & technology transfer
has occurred.
9. Projects as early as 2000/1 – current
10. Thirty nine (39) project types almost 200 sites in the country.
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DST Technology for Social Impact:
Projects 2000 - 2005
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Strategic Areas of Collaboration
1. Agriculture
– Post-harvest Agro-processing Technologies
– High-value agro-commodities
• Essential oils
• Indigenous Natural Products
• Aquaculture (fresh water cage-net fish farming)
– Beneficiation of organic Materials (fibres, leathers, etc)
2. Health
– Primary Health
– Technologies for Processing Medicinal Plants
– Sanitation / Environmental Health
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Strategic Areas of Collaboration
3. Energy
– Technologies that conserve fossil fuels
– Alternative Energy Sources
– Non-fossil fuels
4. Small Scale Mining
– Mineral processing and beneficiation (Jewellery)
5. ICT (Information & Communication Technologies)
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Beneficiation (Processing)
Technologies
•
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Food Processing Technologies
– Indigenous Foods Processing
– Cashew Apple Processing
– Fermented Milk Products
– Fermented Indigenous
Beverages
– Beekeeping (farming)
– Oyster Mushrooms
Propagation
– Aqua-culture (Small-scale fish
farming)
•
Herbs Beneficiation & Oils
extraction
– Indigenous Medicinal Plants
(MRC, ARC, INR & CSIR)
– Essential Oils (Aroma
therapeutic) Oils
•
Animal Fibre Beneficiation
– Cashmere Beneficiation
– Mohair Beneficiation
– Wool Beneficiation
– Leather* Beneficiation
Beneficiation (Processing)
Technologies
• Plant (Leaf) Fibre Beneficiation
– Sisal Beneficiation
– Hemp Beneficiation
– Hand Paper-Making
– Indigenous Grass Weaving & Furniture
Making
• Small-Scale Mining
– Jewellery Making (Mineral Beneficiation)
– Pottery (Clay Beneficiation)
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Technologies for Beekeeping
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Technologies For Bee Farming
1. Transfers bee farming (apiary) technology & skills to communities to extract
organic honey, & develop secondary wax & pollen products.
2. Establish businesses based on beekeeping and associated crafts among
historically disadvantaged and resource poor communities.
3. Equips aspirant beekeepers with adequate equipment and business skill
training to manage successful bee farming businesses - over 600 people
have been trained in beekeeping.
4. Trademark, INYOSI HONEY™. Website, http://www.inyosi.co.za/
5. Awarded Platinum Award by the Impumelelo Innovations Trust in 2002.
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Indigenous Food Processing
Technologies
(Indigenous Foods, Cashew Apple & Fermented Milk Products)
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Food Processing Technologies
(Indigenous Foods, Cashew Apple & Fermented Milk
Products)
1.
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Transfers Food Processing technologies to communities and establish
sustainable SMME’s
– Indigenous Foods
• Processing and Packaging of Indigenous Foods
• Provincial processing centres established and equipped
• Section 21, Indiza Foods registered
• Recipe Book on Indigenous Foods
– Cashew Apple
• Processing of Cashew Apple into juice & dried fruits
• Processing factory in KwaNgwanase (KZN)
• Products being market tested
– Fermented Milk Products
• Yoghurt factory in Mangaung (Free State)
• Products already in supermarket shelf
– To be incorporated under Indiza Foods® 2005/6
Animal Fibre Beneficiation
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Animal Fibre Beneficiation
(Cashmere, Mohair, Wool)
1. Transfer animal fibre beneficiation and processing technologies to resource-poor farmers
2. Transfer livestock improvement & cross breeding tech
3. Establish animal fibre-based SMME’s
– Livestock improvement successful
– Cashmere Knitting SMME’s in Maluti (EC) & Klipkuil (NW)
• Cashmere products in varied designs
• SMME’s registering as businesses
– Two Mohair-based weaving groups in E. Cape
• Produce mohair blankets,
– Wool farming in Mpumalanga & E. Cape
• Shearing & Classing
• Felting & Knitting SMME’s established
– Products Accredited Proudly South African®
– Products featured in various exhibitions & international fairs.
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Oyster Mushrooms Propagation
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Oyster Mushroom Propagation
1. Transfer Oyster Mushroom propagation technologies to communities as an
alternative to small gardens and source of proteins.
2. Cheap technology
– Organic Farm Waste (wheat straw; grass; cobs) to high value
mushrooms in 30 days.
– Expanded to all provinces already
– Some groups already selling to local super
– markets, guest houses and communities
– Establishing a Section 21 Company (Amakhowa)
– Increased interest from communities
3. DST expanding to most rural areas in 2004/5
– 33 sites established throughout SA
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Leather Beneficiation
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Leather Beneficiation
1. Transfer hides and skin (labour-intensive) tanning technologies to
communities
2. Manufacture leather goods for market
– Directed to source leather from existing tanneries
– Leather products already being produced in KZN, NW & WC.
• W. Cape: High quality Ostrich leather products (Beaufort West)
• W. Cape: High quality Karoo pelt products (Laingsburg)
– Working with Woodheads Pty Ltd in Products dev. & Marketing
• Operational Buildings completed in North West (Supingstadt &
Lekgopung)
• KZN: Renting space and already making products (uBombo)
3. Expanded to W. Cape to process the Karoo pelt.
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Plant Fibre Beneficiation
(NgeZandla-Zethu, Manguzi)
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Plant Fibre Beneficiation
(Hemp, Sisal, Incema, Isikhonko)
1. Use fibre rich high-value cash crops as an alternative to subsistence to
emerging farmers.
– Hemp Cultivation in E.Cape (Under license)
• to produce hemp fabric and other products.
• Six tractors bought for farming operations
– Sisal revitalization programme (N.West)
• Material components for the Automotive Sector
• Developed decortications (fibre-extraction) equipment
– Incema & Isikhonko
• Indigenous Grasses in KZN used in furniture making
• Twine weaving & various craft products
• Equipment over R120 000 in 2003/4
• Registered as a Company - Turnover ±R35 000/month
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Hand Paper Making
KZN Papermaking & Craft Packaging (Eshowe – KZN)
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Hand Paper Making
1. Source & transfer fibre extraction & pulping technologies to manufacture paper by
hand and to produce high quality products from the paper.
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•
Gauteng, KZN, E. Cape, NW, W. Cape, Free State, Limpopo
•
Established successful groups in KZN & W. Cape
– KZN Papermaking & Craft Packaging (Eshowe – KZN)
– Kuyasa Paper product (Kommetjie – W. Cape)
– Siyazama Group (Khayelitsha – W. Cape)
•
Total of 20 enterprises formed
•
Phumani Paper registered as Section 21 Company
• Registered as accredited training provider of training in hand paper making
• NQF Level 2 Learnership from Create SA (MAPP SETA)
Essential Oils Herbs
Propagation
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Essential Oils Processing
1. Transfers essential oils propagation and distillation technology & equipment.
2. Four, successful essential oils businesses have been established and are
based in
– Giyani (Limpopo); Driekoppies (near Nelspruit in Mpumalanga),
– Badplaas (Mpumalanga); and Pacaltsdorp (near George in the
Western Cape).
3. Each site has been equipped with a steam distillation factory worth more
than R850 000 with a maximum capacity of handling more than 100ha of
herbs.
4. Registering groups as companies, and providing focused business
mentorship and management.
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Indigenous Medicinal Plants
(Herbs)
(Bio-Prospecting)
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Indigenous Medicinal Plants
(Natural Products)
1. MRC identified 7 indigenous herbs with immune modulating properties
(clinically-proven) for HIV/AIDS sufferers
– Transfers herbs propagation technologies to communities
• N. Cape, N. West, E. Cape, Limpopo & Mpumalanga
– Value-addition of herbs into capsules and other medicines
– Establish a processing factory
– Collaboration with other pharmaceutical companies
2. Devils Claw Processing (N. West) – ARC
– Process into dried materials and later tonic & capsules.
3. New Activities
– Anti Asthma (BP4)
– Anti-Obesity (San IKS)
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Hi Hanyile Mosquito Repellent
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Mosquito Repellent
1. Mosquito Repellent (CSIR) Musuzwana (Lippia)
– An indigenous plant (BP1) is propagated commercially
– Introduced technology to extract the properties, clinical trials (CSIR &
SABS) shows that it has a high efficacy than commercial mosquito
repellents;
– Introduced oil extraction technologies, and produce mosquito repelling
candles
– A Factory has been completed in Hi Hanyile, Giyani and is soon to be
launched (June 2005)
– Partnership with commercial partners, Parks Boards and Environmental
Affairs
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Glass Beads Manufacturing
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Glass Beads Manufacturing
1. Aims at promoting indigenous (African beadwork) jewellery design
technologies.
2. Transfer jewellery making technologies to use glass to manufacture ethnic
looking glass beads
3. Establish an ethnic jewellery SMME
– Group of women in N. Cape (O’ Kiep)
– Provided training & equipment
– Selling jewellery in Cape Town
– Additional training & product diversification provided.
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Small-Scale Mining &
Beneficiation
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Small-Scale Mining &
Beneficiation
1. Transfer pottery (clay beneficiation) technologies to communities to improve
the quality of their Clay pots
– Ndwedwe in KZN (MINTEK)
2. Transfer stone carving technologies to communities to value-add these into
high value ornaments
– Limpopo, Northern Cape (MINTEK)
3. Use plant fibre to strengthen ornamental pots
– Eshowe KZN (with Univ of Johannesburg)
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Aquaculture
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Aquaculture
1. Transfer fresh water fish farming (cage nets) to rural communities using
irrigation dams and schemes.
2. Established sites in the Western Cape
– Franschhoek area
3. Expanding to KwaZulu-Natal
– Makhathini Flats Irrigation Scheme
4. Feasibility Studies in 5 Provinces
– Eastern Cape; Northern Cape; North West; Mpumalanga; Limpopo
5. Partnership with Univ of Stellenbosch & ARC
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THANK YOU
Vuyani Lingela, General Manager: International Cooperation and Research
DST
Tel: +27 (0)12 843 6517, Cell: +27 (0)82 600 4722, Fax: +27 (0)86 681 0051
Postal Address: Private Bag X 894, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Physical Address: Building 53, Meiring Naude Road, CSIR Campus, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
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