CANCER AND MITOSIS
CASE STUDY
SPRING 2014
BIOLOGY OBJECTIVES 1.2.2
• Outline the cell cycle: Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth
2, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis
• Recognize that mitosis is apart of ASEXUAL
reproduction and meiosis is a part of sexual
reproduction
• Organize diagrams of mitotic phases and describe
what is occurring throughout the process.
• Compare mitosis to meiosis
• Understand that tumors (and cancer) result in an
error in mitosis
ERROR IN MITOSIS
• Tumors result as an error in Mitosis.
• Cells divide continually without stopping. This results
in a tumor.
• Tumors are simply a cluster of cells.
• Tumors can be malignant (cancerous) or benign
{PRONOUNCED ‘BEE-nine’} (non-cancerous)
• Cells are supposed to die. This is called apoptosis. If
cells fail to die, tumors form.
WARNING:
• The following slides contain graphic images of
people suffering from various cancers.
• Not all tumors are malignant
• Please exhibit respect, maturity, and empathy when
viewing these images.
EXAMPLES OF TUMORS
• Keep in mind that your entire body is made of cells.
A tumor is a cluster of cells that have abnormal
growth.
• A tumor can form ANYWHERE
EXAMPLES OF TUMORS
Various Facial tumors
of the nose, mouth,
and eye
Cell Theory Review:
ALL LIVING THINGS
are made of Cells!
A tumor can form
ANYWHERE!
TUMORS = CELLS GONE WRONG!
EXAMPLES OF TUMORS
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ASSIGNMENT
• This assignment is completed INDIVIDUALLY
• This assignment will also count towards your FINAL
PORTFOLIO PROJECT. So SAVE THIS!!!
• It is your responsibility to remain on task, and turn this
assignment in ON TIME.
• Each day that it is late, 10 points will be deducted.
• This is a research project, and you must site ALL
SOURCES in a reference page.
• It must be completed electronically, and submitted
in Edmodo by April 7, 2014
ASSIGNMENT: PART I
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
In your presentation: Define the following terms in
complete sentences
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Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Tumor
Cancer
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Malignant
Abnormal
Metastasis
Sister chromatids
Centriole
Spindle
Parent cell
Daughter cell
Apoptosis
ASSIGNMENT: PART II
“THE CELL CYCLE”
1.
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3.
4.
Define all parts of the Cell Cycle.
Locate pictures for EACH phase of the cell cycle
Explain why apoptosis is important.
Explain how tumors form as a result in Mitosis
ASSIGNMENT: PART III
(MEDICAL ARTICLE ANALYSIS)
• You must choose one (1) of the following articles,
and provide a detailed (1 page) summary, written
in your own words!
• Article #1:
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/celldivision-and-cancer-14046590
• Article #2:
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/articles
/cancer.html
• Article #3:
http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articl
es/33788.aspx
ASSIGNMENT IV:
CANCER RESEARCH
1. Research one of the following types of cancer:
ovarian, prostate, throat, cervical, tongue cancer,
cheek cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, nasal
cavity, salivary gland cancer and breast cancer.
2. Research symptoms.
3. Provide treatment information.
4. Provide prevention and early detection methods
(if applicable).
5. Provide your rationale (reason) for why you chose
to research this type of cancer.
6. Photos must be included in your presentation
ASSIGNMENT V: CASE STUDY AND
PATIENT TREATMENT
1. Read through the mock medical charts of each
patient.
2. Research the possible modes of treatment (next
slide), and decide which is best for each of the
patients.
3. Consider medical costs, insurance, and health
risks.
4. What are the side effects of your chosen
treatment?
5. Reviewing #1-4, tell how you would treat EACH
patient.
SOME POSSIBLE TREATMENT OPTIONS
1. Surgery: to remove the tumor
2. Chemotherapy: use of medicine or drugs to treat
cancer. “Chem” means chemical.
3. Radiation: much like x-rays. This is a painless procedure
that uses rays to kill the abnormal cell’s DNA. This could
also kill normal cells.
4. Homeopathic (natural) remedies: some say these
methods don’t CURE cancer, but TREAT the symptoms:
change in diet, exercise, cutting carbs, certain vitamins
5. Stem cell treatment: after cancerous cells (and some
normal cells) are destroyed using chemo and radiation,
doctors use stem cells to repair ANY damaged cells.
FYI: STAGES OF CANCER
Stage
symptoms
Stage 0
Carcinoma in situ. Meaning, the
most basic form of cancer. Cancer
that has remained in its primary
region. Ex. A breast cancer tumor
that is in situ has remained in the
breast tissue.
Stages 1-3
Increase in tumor size. Tumors
starting to spread beyond the
organ from which it developed.
Stage 4
Most severe. Cancer has
metastasized (spread) to other
parts of the body. This is the most
aggressive stage of cancer.
PATIENT #1
Name: Carson Jones
Male, 56
Cancer type: Prostate
Stage: 2
Profession: Pediatrician.
Graduate of Wake Forest,
UNC-CH.
• Family: one wife, 3 adult
daughters, 2 grandchildren.
• Additional info: Previously
had surgery to remove the
tumor. The tumor came
back the following year.
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PATIENT #2
• Name: Joe Berry
• Male, age 81
• Cancer type: Lung
Cancer
• Stage: 4
• Profession: retired
• Family: wife, 5 adult
children, 10 grand
children
• Additional info: Patient
has undergone 2 rounds
of chemotherapy and
radiation with minimal
success.
PATIENT #3
Name: Maria Valdez-Aguilar
Cancer type: Ovarian
Stage: 3
Profession:
Family: husband (Deceased.
Fatally wounded in Iraq). One
son. Unable to have more
children due to the location of
her tumor.
• Additional info: Patient was
advised to have a
hysterectomy (removal of
uterus and ovaries) to remove
the source of cancer. Patient
refused. Now the cancer has
begun to spread to her
bladder.
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WHAT EXACTLY DO I TURN IN?
• Assignment I: Essential Vocabulary (all terms
defined)
• Assignment II: All parts of the cell cycle defined
(IPMATC), which pictures of each phase
• Assignment III: Medical Journal Article Analysis (1page summary written in your own words)
• Assignment IV: Cancer Research
• Assignment V: Patient Analysis & Treatment
• Reference Page: all sources listed
HELPFUL LINKS
• http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therap
y/radiation
• http://www.cancertutor.com/
• http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/0
8/03/natural-cancer-treatment.aspx
• http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detecti
on/staging
• http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/celldiv_c
ancer/.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1
• http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeff
ects/treatmenttypes/bonemarrowandperipheralbloodst
emcelltransplant/stem-cell-transplant-types-of-transplant