1. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is
increasing due to
72%
16%
8%
4%
d
C
an
d
B
A,
an
A
A
an
d
C
B
0%
n
to
sy
nt
he
s is
es
ta
t io
re
as
ed
ph
o
De
fo
r
In
c
bu
st
io
n
of
fo
ss
il
fu
el
s
0%
Co
m
A. Combustion of fossil
fuels
B. Deforestation
C. Increased
photosynthesis
D. A and B
E. A and C
F. A, B and C
-Combustion releases carbon dioxide
-Deforestation reduced the uptake of
carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2. The graph is
called the
A. Gore Graph.
B. Keeling Curve.
C. Photosynthesis
Time-series
Curve.
D. CO2 Sequence.
72%
16%
Se
qu
en
ce
.
er
. ..
CO
2
Tim
es
es
is
Ke
el
in
g
Cu
rv
e.
4%
Ph
ot
os
yn
th
Go
r
eG
ra
ph
.
8%
3. The seasonal dips on the previous graph
(Keeling Curve of CO2) occur during summer in
the ____________ due to____________.
No
rth
er
n
...
He
m
isp
he
re
;s
he
re
;s
...
n.
..
isp
He
m
he
re
;i
So
ut
he
rn
He
m
isp
he
re
;i
er
n
He
m
isp
No
rth
So
ut
he
rn
A. Southern Hemisphere; increased
photosynthesis
B. Northern Hemisphere; increased
photosynthesis
C. Southern Hemisphere; seasonal
changes in driving patterns
D. Northern Hemisphere; seasonal
changes in driving patterns.
n.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
Much more of the Earth’s landmass is in the Northern
Hemisphere.
When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere there is less
photosynthesis so less uptake of carbon dioxide.
4. Which of the following is NOT a
greenhouse gas?
A. CO2
B. CH4
C. Water Vapor
D. N2
E. N2O
50%
27%
15%
8%
W
at
er
V
N2
O
N2
ap
or
CH
4
CO
2
0%
5. Which type of radiation do greenhouse
gases block?
56%
33%
11%
ov
e
bl
e
Al
lo
ft
he
ab
Vi
si
av
io
le
t
0%
Ul
tr
Infrared
Ultraviolet
Visible
All of the above
In
fra
re
d
A.
B.
C.
D.
6. Which of the following is not a
potential effect of a warmer ocean?
A. Increased intensity of ocean
storms like hurricanes.
B. Less ocean productivity.
C. Coral reefs dying.
D. Ocean conveyor belt will reverse
direction.
58%
29%
13%
w
ill
.. .
g.
yin
co
n
ve
yo
rb
el
t
re
ef
sd
al
ea
n
pr
o
ce
an
Le
ss
o
Co
r
Oc
In
c
re
as
ed
in
te
ns
ity
of
oc
e.
.
du
ct
ivi
ty
.
0%
7. A component of the environment that stores
carbon atoms in other molecules so that there is
less CO2 in the atmosphere is called a
Carbon sink
Carbon cap
Carbon reservoir
A and B
A and C
A, B and C
57%
29%
10%
5%
C
an
d
B
A,
d
an
A
an
d
C
B
0%
A
re
se
rv
oi
r
p
ca
bo
n
bo
n
Ca
r
Ca
r
bo
n
s in
k
0%
Ca
r
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
8. The oceans serve as a carbon sink by
having
A. carbon dioxide
dissolved in the water
B. carbon in organic
molecules in the
organisms
C. calcium carbonate in
shells and limestone
D. A and B
E. B and C
F. A, B and C
57%
17%
13%
ca
um
lci
4%
4%
ec
rb
ul
on
..
at
ei
n
sh
el
..
A
an
d
B
B
an
d
C
A,
B
an
d
C
m
an
ic
or
g
ca
in
rb
on
ca
ca
rb
on
di
o
xid
ed
iss
ol
ol
v
ed
..
4%
9. As the ocean’s temperature increases its will
store a ______ percentage of the atmospheric
carbon dioxide emissions.
A. increasing
B. decreasing
C. set
71%
29%
se
t
g
de
cr
ea
sin
in
cr
ea
sin
g
0%
As temperature increases, a gas is more likely to come out of
solution.
This process is why warm soda goes flat faster than cold soda.
Note that it is the percentage of atmospheric CO2 dissolved in the
water that would decrease, because with higher levels of CO2 in the
atmosphere more CO2 dissolves into the water. So increased CO2
and increased temperatures would still mean the total dissolved CO2
would increase, but the oceans would be absorbing a smaller
percentage of the overall carbon dioxide (less of a carbon sink).
10. Dissolved CO2 in the ocean
A. makes the water more
alkaline
B. makes the water more
acidic
C. acts as a buffer to
neutralize the pH
76%
20%
4%
C.
a
ct
sa
sa
.
ne
ut
..
bu
ffe
rt
o
ea
er
m
or
at
w
es
th
e
ak
m
m
ak
es
th
e
w
at
er
m
or
ea
l..
.
c..
.
0%
Some of the dissolved carbon dioxide
reacts with water to form carbonic acid.
11. Which of the following is a
potential effect of increased ocean
acidity?
A. Bleaching of coral reefs.
B. Increased dissolution
(dissolving) of carbonate shells.
C. Plankton not growing properly.
D. All of the above.
96%
4%
ov
e.
ab
ft
he
lo
Al
in
ro
w
no
tg
kt
on
Pl
an
0%
gp
. ..
s. .
.
(d
i
ut
io
n
di
ss
ol
ed
re
as
In
c
Bl
ea
c
hi
n
go
fc
or
a
lr
ee
fs
.
0%
12. Which of the following are major
sources of nitrous oxide (N2O)
Agriculture
Combustion engines
Landfills
A and B
B and C
A, B and C
30%
30%
17%
13%
B
an
d
C
C
A,
an
d
B
A
an
d
B
s
4%
nd
fil
l
La
es
en
gin
n
bu
st
io
Ag
r ic
ul
tu
re
4%
Co
m
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Agriculture is the leading source of nitrous oxide, because
excess nitrogen in the soil from inorganic nitrogen
fertilizers result in the production of N2O
The high temperatures of combustion engines also results
in nitrous oxide emissions.
13. Inorganic fertilizer usually result in in the
production of what other greenhouse gas?
A. Methane due to
anaerobic fermentation
B. Ozone due to volatile
organic compound
production
C. Carbon dioxide due to
high energy demands of
production
D. Water vapor due to
evaporation
61%
26%
9%
ev
a.
..
to
ap
or
du
e
to
du
e
W
at
er
v
di
bo
n
Ca
r
du
e
Oz
on
e
hi
..
.
ox
id
e
vo
l
to
to
ue
ed
ha
n
et
M
or
..
at
ile
an
ae
ro
bi
..
.
4%
There is a high energy demand for producing
nitrogen compounds from atmospheric N2.
14. Tropospheric ozone (O3)
A. protects the earth
from harmful UV
radiation
B. is a strong
greenhouse gas
C. has harmful health
effects
D. both B and C
50%
46%
fu
lh
ea
l
m
ar
ha
sh
C
an
d
B
bo
th
ef
fe
ct
s
0%
th
us
e
re
en
ho
ng
g
tro
as
is
pr
ot
ec
ts
th
e
ea
rth
fro
m
...
ga
s
4%
Stratospheric ozone protects the Earth from UV
radiation. But tropospheric (ground level) ozone
is both a strong greenhouse gas and a harmful
air pollutant.
15. The main source of ozone in the
troposphere is
A. Off-gassing from
agriculture
B. Aerosol cans and
refrigerator coolants
C. reactions between
nitric oxides (NOx)
and volatile organic
compounds (VOC’s).
D. Off-shore oil wells
38% 38%
21%
el
ls
..
w
c.
Of
f-s
h
or
e
oi
l
tri
ni
ee
n
be
tw
nd
re
ac
t io
ns
sa
ca
n
Ae
ro
so
l
Of
f-g
as
sin
gf
ro
m
ag
r ic
ul
re
fri
ge
r..
.
tu
re
4%
Volatile organic compounds are organic
compounds (carbon-based molecules produced
by living things) that more easily evaporate into
the atmosphere.
Examples: benzene, butane and methane
16. Which of the following is NOT one of
the top three sources of anthropogenic
methane?
25% 25% 25% 25%
s
fa
r
tle
Ca
t
de
st
ru
nd
et
la
W
m
ct
io
n
g
r il
lin
ld
Oi
nd
fil
l
s
Landfills
Oil drilling
Wetland destruction
Cattle farms
La
A.
B.
C.
D.
Many oil and coal deposits
have a cap of natural gas
above them. This natural
gas may be released when
extracting the other fossil
fuels.
Methane is also produced when certain anaerobic organisms
break down organic matter in no/low O2 environments such
as:
-the intestines of animals (cellulose broken down)
- landfills
- wetlands and rice paddies (wetlands are a natural SOURCE
of methane because stagnation of water results in low O2
conditions.)
17. When methane is burned, it
produces
CO2 and nitrous oxide
Ozone and nitrous oxide
CO2 and water vapor
Ozone and water vapor
57%
35%
ap
or
ap
or
4%
w
d
an
Oz
on
e
an
d
w
at
er
v
at
er
v
so
xi
CO
2
ni
tro
u
d
an
Oz
on
e
an
d
ni
tro
u
so
xi
de
de
4%
CO
2
A.
B.
C.
D.
Methane over time reacts with O2 in the
atmosphere to be broken down into carbon
dioxide and water vapor. However these two
products are also greenhouse gases.
18. Which of these is true of soot (black
carbon/ bc)?
71%
8%
13%
C.
B
an
d
C.
an
d
B
bu
r
th
e
is
ce
A,
...
...
co
he
n
so
ur
n
ai
m
A
m
el
ts
fa
s
te
rw
in
ge
co
ol
Ice
re
at
es
a
It
c
8%
0%
ffe
ct
...
A. It creates a cooling effect on Earth
because it blocks sunlight from
reaching Earth’s surface.
B. Ice melts faster when coated by
soot.
C. A main source is the burning of
biomass.
D. A, B and C.
E. B and C.
Ice and snow are normally
very reflective surfaces. But
when they are coated with
soot they absorb more light.
Soot is formed from the incomplete combustion of organic matter
(fossil fuels or biomass).
Many developing regions
use biomass (such as wood
or dung) as a source of
energy for cooking and
heating.
Diesel fuel is a major
source of soot from
developed nations.
19. Which of the following areas will
be the least affected by sea level rise?
Bangladesh
Maldives
Seattle
Florida
74%
26%
Flo
r id
a
0%
Se
at
t le
es
di
v
al
M
ng
l
ad
es
h
0%
Ba
A.
B.
C.
D.
20. What might also cause sea level to
rise besides melting of ice?
A. Accelerated erosion of coastlines as
climate warms.
B. Thermal expansion of the ocean as
it warms.
C. Decrease in sediment runoff from
rivers as rivers dry up.
D. Increased ocean floor volcanic
activity.
76%
24%
n
se
di
In
c
re
as
ed
in
ea
se
De
cr
or
vo
...
oc
ea
n
m
ns
io
0%
flo
of
en
tr
th
...
...
co
of
n
Th
er
m
al
ex
pa
er
os
io
te
d
Ac
ce
le
ra
un
o.
.
0%
Water becomes less dense as it is
heated. It expands.
21. Which of the following is not a
potential effect of climate change?
A. Increased droughts in certain
parts of the world
B. Increased pests and diseases.
C. Loss of biodiversity.
D. Increase in ocean pH.
61%
In
c
pH
.
re
as
ei
n
oc
ea
n
ve
rs
it y
.
io
di
of
b
nd
pe
st
sa
ed
re
as
In
c
9%
Lo
ss
ce
r. .
.
in
ug
ht
s
dr
o
ed
re
as
In
c
17%
di
se
a.
..
13%
22. Why might global warming cause more
methane to be released into the atmosphere?
78%
13%
4%
Fr
a
ck
in
fra
lic
g(
hy
dr
au
pe
ra
t
ur
es
c
...
ct
...
.
re
le
a.
em
er
t
ar
m
er
o
ar
m
W
W
fp
go
in
aw
Th
ill
ce
an
sw
af
ro
st
w
i. .
4%
er
m
A. Thawing of permafrost will release
methane.
B. Warmer oceans will release
dissolved methane.
C. Warmer temperatures cause
cattle metabolic rates to
accelerate.
D. Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) in
location previously inaccessible
23. Which of these is NOT a positive
feedback loop that leads to more
warming?
50%
27%
n.
..
at
in
or
e
M
m
os
ph
er
e.
..
el
ti
m
gl
in
ar
m
CO
2
ea
ds
t
o
le
ad
sd
...
e.
.
ice
W
el
t in
go
fs
ea
em
pe
ra
t
er
t
M
ar
m
W
14%
9%
ur
es
l
A. Warmer temperatures lead to
decreased ocean productivity.
B. Melting of sea ice leads darker surfaces
and more radiation absorbed by Earth.
C. Warming leads to melting of
permafrost.
D. More CO2 in atmosphere leads to more
CO2 absorbed by the ocean.
24. Which of the following is not a reason
why climate change might cause a loss of
biodiversity?
57%
33%
10%
ac
id
it y
...
a.
..
In
c
re
as
ed
fo
r
ty
bi
li
In
a
oc
ea
n
ita
sp
ec
ie
ts
to
st
o
hi
ca
us
e
fh
ab
in
go
in
Sh
ift
ea
se
De
cr
...
.. .
0%
in
se
ct
s
A. Decrease in insects cause insecteating birds to go extinct.
B. Shifting of habitats to higher latitudes
and altitudes.
C. Inability for species to adapt to a
rapidly changing climate.
D. Increased ocean acidity endangers
the ocean food chain.
25. When did the Kyoto Protocol
meeting take place?
1989
1992
1997
2001
74%
17%
9%
20
01
19
97
19
92
0%
19
89
A.
B.
C.
D.
26. How did the Kyoto Protocol aim to
reduce CO2 emissions?
67%
19%
..
na
t
io
ns
...
ll
r in
ga
ev
el
op
ed
re
qu
i
By
de
ve
l. .
.
By
re
qu
i
r in
gd
r in
ge
ac
re
qu
i
r in
ge
ac
By
re
qu
i
By
5%
h
de
ve
l. .
.
10%
h
A. By requiring each developed nation to
reduce emissions by 35%.
B. By requiring each developed nation to
reduce emissions to pre-1990 levels.
C. By requiring developed nations to
give aid to developing nations to help
them reduce CO2 emissions.
D. By requiring all nations to develop a
voluntary emissions reduction plan.
27. Which country’s ratification of the
treaty finally allowed it to go into
effect?
95%
an
0%
Ja
p
lia
te
s
St
a
te
d
0%
Au
st
ra
5%
Un
i
Russia
United States
Australia
Japan
Ru
ss
ia
A.
B.
C.
D.
28. Which of the following reasons
was cited by the US as a reason not to
ratify the Kyoto Protocol?
A. It would hurt the US economy.
B. It wasn’t fair that developing nations
would not have to reduce emissions.
C. Incomplete state of scientific
evidence
D. All of the above
52%
33%
ov
e
ab
ft
he
lo
Al
of
sc
ie
nt
...
te
st
a
et
e
pl
om
as
It
w
In
c
n’
tf
air
th
a
td
ev
el
o
US
ec
...
tt
he
hu
r
ld
ou
It
w
10%
...
5%
29. Which of the following is an
example of potential carbon capture
technology (carbon sequestration)?
A. Pumping CO2 from the
smokestacks of coal plants into the
ground.
B. Trapping the energy in methane
emissions from cattle for use as an
energy source.
C. Invading countries to capture their
oil reserves.
65%
25%
...
ca
o
rie
st
co
un
t
In
va
d
in
g
he
ng
t
ap
pi
Tr
Pu
m
pi
ng
C
O2
fro
m
en
er
gy
i
n
th
e
. ..
.. .
10%
30. What is cap and trade?
68%
23%
9%
...
lb
oo
k
t..
.
Tr
ng
Pu
tti
ad
in
ac
gy
ou
ap
on
co
m
all
ng
rs
ch
oo
pa
pr
od
uc
ni
es
t
is s
io
em
on
im
Re
qu
ir i
al
ng
Pu
tti
...
..
0%
it
A. Putting a limit on emissions and companies
who exceed the limit must buy the right to
pollute more from companies who are under
the limit.
B. Requiring all companies to trade a percentage
of their profits for the right to emit CO2.
C. Putting a cap on production of goods from
companies who exceed emission limits,
creating more trade with other less-polluting
countries.
D. Trading your school books for a cap and gown
at graduation.
31. How is the Copenhagen Accord
different from the Kyoto Protocol?
48%
39%
9%
4%
Al
lo
ft
he
ab
av
e.
..
na
tio
ns
h
de
v.
..
an
d
De
ve
lo
pe
d
ov
e.
.
di
ng
bi
n
lly
de
ve
lo
pe
d
eg
a
Bo
th
It
i
sl
A. It is legally binding.
B. Both developed and developing
nations are required to reduce
emissions.
C. Developed nations have
promised money to developing
nations to help deal with
climate change.
D. All of the above.
32. IPCC stands for
A. International Policy on Carbon
Capture
B. Interpretive Programs for
Climate Coalitions
C. Investing Properly in Carbon
Credits
D. Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change
68%
32%
gP
.
Pa
n
el
.
...
Ca
en
ta
l
in
In
te
rg
ro
pe
rly
ra
m
ro
g
In
ve
st
in
eP
re
t iv
ov
er
nm
sf
or
. ..
on
icy
Po
l
na
l
In
te
rp
at
io
In
te
rn
0%
...
0%
33. CFC’s have been banned because
they
A. can easily be replaced by
other substances that are
not greenhouse gases.
B. are known carcinogens.
C. increase tropospheric ozone.
D. deplete the stratospheric
ozone layer.
90%
.
to
sp
he
ri.
.
es
th
de
pl
et
e
tro
cr
ea
se
in
tra
po
sp
he
ric
rc
in
ca
n
no
w
ek
ar
5%
oz
. ..
og
en
s.
...
by
ac
ed
re
pl
be
ea
sil
y
n
ca
5%
0%
34. Which of the following is a potential
consequence of more rapid and earlier annual
snowmelts in the mountains?
A. Decreased hydropower
B. A longer forest fire season.
C. Loss of water supplies for
regional inhabitants.
D. All of the above
ov
e
ab
ft
he
lo
Al
su
pp
l
ie
sf
or
.. .
so
n
se
a
at
er
of
w
es
tf
ir e
Lo
ss
ng
e
lo
A
De
c
re
rf
or
as
e
d
hy
dr
op
ow
er
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
35. If increased evaporation due to global warming
results in thicker cumulus clouds that reflect, this would
be an example of
50%
positive feedback
negative feedback
synergism
serendipity
32%
ity
9%
se
re
nd
ip
sy
n
er
gi
k
ive
fe
ed
ba
c
ac
k
ne
ga
t
ef
ee
db
sm
9%
po
s it
iv
A.
B.
C.
D.
Effect of clouds on
global warming
depends on type of
clouds.
- feedback
A negative feedback loop is when the
outcome tends to minimize the effect of
an input and stabilize the system.
• Cumulus clouds that reflect light and
reduce heating would be a negative
feedback loop.
•
Higher, wispy cirrus clouds that aren’t
very reflective and yet trap heat would
be a positive feedback loop.
36. If the temperature on Earth changes by 2 °C,
this is equal to a temperature change of
approximately
1.2 °F
2 °F
2.8 °F
3.6 °F
4.8 °F
57%
26%
9%
°F
4.
8
°F
3.
6
°F
2.
8
°F
4%
2
°F
4%
1.
2
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
100 °C = 180 °F
1 °C = 1.8 °F
37. The IPCC panel representing climate scientist from
around the world have determined that it is _______
that global temperatures have been increasing due to
man’s activities.
17%
99
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igh
Very highly likely (>99%)
Highly likely (90-99%)
Likely (66%-89%)
More likely than not (50%-65 %)
No consensus could be reached
by the majority of scientists
Ve
ry
h
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
83%
38. Which list of greenhouse gases is in order from
most powerful heat trapping ability per molecule
to least powerful?
50%
23%
23%
de
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A. CO2, Nitrous Oxide (N2O),
Methane (CH4), HCFC’s
B. Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Methane
(CH4), CO2, HCFC’s
C. HCFC’s, Nitrous Oxide (N2O),
Methane (CH4), CO2
D. HCFC’s, CO2, Nitrous Oxide (N2O),
Methane (CH4)
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. E
8. F
9. B
10.B
11.D
12.D
13.C
14.D
15.C
16.C
17.C
18.E
19.C
20. B
21. D
22.A
23. D
24. B
25. C
26. B
27.A
28. D
29.A
30. A
31. C
32. D
33. D
34. D
35. B
36. D
37.B
38.C