Lesson 1 Face the Fats Vocabulary and Notes
1. nutrients- chemicals found in food that helps keep an
organism alive and active. Two groups – building
materials and energy providers
Six types of nutrients your body needs:
1. Proteins
2. Fats
3. Carbohydrates
4. Minerals
5. Vitamins
6. Water
2. nutritionists – a person who studies foods and
diets.
3. obesity – the condition of having an excess
amount of body fat (20% more than what is
considered healthy).
4. cholesterol – a waxy substance found
naturally in human tissues.
5. calorie – a unit of heat; a measure of the
energy in food
6. fats – a group of nutrients that provide energy
and building blocks for the development of
some body systems. American Heart Assoc.
recommends no more than 30% of calories
should come from fats.
7. saturated fats –Usually solid at room
temperature, considered “bad” fats. Diet
should have limited amounts because
increases level of cholesterol in the blood.
8. monounsaturated fats – liquid at room
temperature, better for you than saturated
fats.
9. polyunsaturated fats – best type of fats, also
liquid at room temperature. Do not contribute
to cholesterol problems. Occur naturally in
plants, humans need it.
Saturated Fats
Monounsaturated Fats
Polyunsaturated Fats
Butter
Cheese
Chocolate
Cocoa butter
Coconut oil
Cream
Eggs
Hydrogenated shortening
Ice cream
Lard
Palm oil
Red meat
Whole milk
Olive oil
Canola Oil
Peanut Oil
Safflower Oil
Soybean Oil
Sunflower Oil
Corn Oil
Cottonseed Oil
Fish
Nuts
Questions to Explore:
• What are the six basic nutrients your body
needs for growth and development?
Water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins.
• What are the important functions of fat in the
body?
Fats:
1. store energy for movement, digestion, and
other activities.
2. carry vitamins and minerals throughout the
body
3. help nerve and other cells function properly
4. protect vital organs and insulate the body.
• What are some of the problems faced by
people who have too much fat in their diets?
1. Obesity
2. High levels of cholesterol which could lead
to heart attacks and strokes.
The Digestive System Definitions & Notes
• digestive system – The organs and structures
responsible for the digestion of food. Includes
the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, and large intestine.
• esophagus – the tube connecting the mouth
and the stomach
• stomach – the organ where food is reduced to
mush by acid muscle activity
• small intestine – the part of the digestive system,
between the stomach and large intestine, that
absorbs nutrients from digested food.
• villi – the tiny fingerlike structures lining the small
intestine through which nutrients pass from the
digestive system into the blood.
• large intestine – the part of the digestive system,
between the small intestine and the rectum,
where water is removed from the solid waste.
• waste – the leftover, unusable substance of our
food, includes fiber which cannot be digested by
the body
• saliva – the liquid produced in the mouth that
aids digestion.
• enzyme – a protein molecule that speeds up
chemical reactions but is not changed itself
• peristalsis – pushing, pumping movement of
the muscles in the esophagus that push food
down toward the stomach
• sphincter – valves located at the bottom of
the esophagus and the stomach that relaxes
and tightens to allow food to move.
Complete the following sentences:
nutrients
Foods have _______________
needed to make the body work.
mouth
The digestive process begins in your _____________.
teeth
Your ________
grind food into small, easy to swallow pieces.
The only parts of the digestive process that you have control of are
_______________________________________________.
chewing and swallowing your food
20
Stomach muscles contract about every ________
seconds, breaking
down food. Food can remain in the stomach from
_________________
to ________________________.
5 minutes
several hours
In the small intestine, food is broken down into
_______________________
that your body uses for energy.
tiny molecules
It takes the small intestine _____________________
to perform its
5 hours
function.
excess water
leftover minerals
In the large intestine, ____________
and _________________
are
removed from waste to make it become more solid.
The whole digestive process can take from_____________
to
12 hours
_________________.
2 days