TARGIS/VECTRIS
Materials with very different physical properties are used in
the conventional crown and bridge technique. The thermal
and elastic properties are the most important ones to observe.
Metal alloys are most often used for frameworks. These
materials, however, cannot always be used, since they are
biologically incompatible and they compromise the aesthetics
of the restorations. In addition, metal veneered restorations
are complex systems with a number of interfaces between a
variety of materials. These areas are the potentially weak
points of the restoration and are often the cause of clinical
failure.
Tension in materials
• Materials expand when heated. When their are left to cool, they take
on their original dimensions. The degree of this behaviour differs from
one material to the other. It is represented by the particular coefficient
of thermal expansion (CTE). The CTEs of conventional crown and
bridge materials are listed in the table. The difference between the
CTEs of metals and resins is considerably greater than that between
metals and ceramics. Metal-ceramics are exposed to high temperatures
during the production procedure. Lightcuring veneering composites,
however, are only exposed to then-nocycles when they come in contact
with foods with different temperatures. Despite the use of special
adhesive systems that produce a bond between metals and resins,
chipping off of the material is often observed.
• Materials demonstrate different degrees of deformation
when subjected to load. Their particular trend to
deformation is determined with the modulus of elasticity.
Metals also clearly differ from popular veneering materials
in this respect. As a result, tension is produced in the
interface areas when load is applied. This tension can
cause the bond to fail.
In contrast to metal, the CTE and modulus of elasticity of
the new Vectris framework material is coordinated with the
new Targis complete veneer material. Furthermore, the
properties of this material correspond to those of human
dentin. As a result, tension is minimized in teeth restored
with this system
Material
Conventional veneering resins
CTE (20-60-C)
[ttm/(-*K)]
Modulus of elasticity
[N/mm2]
40
2 - 20'000
Veneering ceramics
6 - 12
50 - 70'000
Dental alloys
10 - 14
200'000
Tarais (Dentin)
40
12'300
Vectris (Single)
24
2 l'000
Vectris (Pontic)
6 (Iangs)/51 ( quer)
36'000
Human Dentin
7-9
16 - 18'000
Aesthetics
Special shoulder materials and opaquers
considerably improve the aesthetic properties of
metal restorations. However, there is no technique
that can compensate for the opacity of these
restorations. The new tooth-coloured, translucent,
highly aesthetic Vectris framework material offers
optimum prerequisites for true-to-nature
restorations.
Vectris fibre-reinforced material
• Fibre-reinforced technology is being used in various
industries (e.g. aeronautical and shipbuilding industries).
The material is used in situations where permanent loads
are applied and light weight is required. Vectris is a fibrereinforced material used to fabricate metal-free, translucent
frameworks for crowns and bridges. The fibres and the
matrix of the material have different basic physical
properties. The fibres demonstrate high tensile strength, a
high tensile modulus, and low shear strength, while the
matrix demonstrates a higher degree of toughness.
An optimum composite material should combine the
favourable properties of both components to form a
material that is superior to the components themselves.
This goal is achieved by optimizing the fibre-matrix bond.
This bond is achieved chemically. The glass surface
demonstrating silanol groups is conditioned with silane. In
the processes of condensing on the glass surface, the silane
produces a covalent bond. In turn, the silane contains a
functional methacrylate group which copolymerizes with
the methacrylate of the matrix. Consequently, a chemical
bond is achieved between the matrix and the fibres.
F-
lamination
M> Vectris Pontic
PR> Vectris Single
M> Vectris Frame
Pressing and curing
VS-1
Eg> Vectris
Finished product M> Fibre reinforced
composite
Veneering material Targis
The veneering material is visible and comes in contact with adjacent and
antagonist teeth. Therefore, the properties of the veneering material are
decisive for the surface quality and the aesthetic effect of restorations, as well
as for their interaction with the surrounding teeth and gingiva. Targis is a
highly filled (up to 75-85% inorganic fillers) material. The high content of
fillers provides aesthetic properties similar to those of ceramics, while the
organic matrix assures the ease and accuracy of processing of resin materials.
The matrix is formed upon polymerization of monomeres (chemical bond via
free double bonds) and the filter particles are chemically linked via silane to
the matrix'. The wear resistance has been coordinated with that of natural
enamel to protect antagonists. Furthermore, the Targis/Vectris Systems allows
gentle preparation of teeth. Preparation margins may be supergingival.
Furthermore, bridges anchored by inlays are possible.
Tempering (final curing)
• Once restorations have been fabricated, they
are tempered in the Targis Power. During
this controlled process involving heat and
light, the properties of the materials are
optimized (stability in mouth, colour stability,
wear resistance, adhesion of plaque).
Bond
• The followig materials are bonded in dentistry and dental
technology:
resin - resin
metal - resin
metal - ceramic
ceramic- resin
resin - enamel and dentin
• Based on the content of organic molecules in Targis and Vectris resinresin bond is found. Due to the high content of inorganic part in
Vectris (fiber) and Targis (filler) also the resinceramic and when Targis
is used on metall the metal-resin bond must be considered.
layers. This reaction is
effectively utilized during the
layering of the Targis material.
During this procedure
intermediate curing is possible.
The same is valid for the layering
of direct composite restorations.
This bonding mechanism also
plays an important part in lightcuring Targis restorations (inlays,
onlays and anterior crowns) and
environment. Two issues,
however, have not been solved:
1. After only a short time in the
mouth, discolouration is visible
between the metal and the resin.
As a result, the aesthetic quality
of the work is compromised.
between metals and resins have
been developed (Silicoaterl&,
Rocatec, OVS, Spectra Link).
All these systems involve the
conditioning of the substrate
(metal) to produce bifunctional
molecules that adhere to the
metal surface (often silane) and
that contain a polymerizable
double bond. These molecules
with the metal oxide, the layer is
inert. The methacrylate group in
the phosphoric acid reacts with
the monomer contained in the
Targis Opaquer and forms a
copolymer. As a result, a bond
with the veneering material is
assured. The hydrolytic stability
(insensitivity towards moisture)
is achieved, since Targis Link
contains a monomer with
Consequently, the finished
Vectris frameworks are silanized
(Targis Wetting Agent). The
silane condenses on the surface
of the exposed fibres and bonds
with the monomers of the Targis
veneering material with the help
of the methacrylate groups (resinceramic bond). The bond
Vectris-Targis is therefore based
specifically for dental
applications. As a result, there
are no real competitors. Vectris
can be used for the same
indications as metal frameworks
and the "core" materials from allceramic systems (In-Ceram,
Dicor, Optec, IPS Empress).
(Touati, 1996):
-
Second-generation laboratory
composites
- Ceramic polymers
- Polyglasses
- Ceromers
-
highly filled (mineral fillers);
- demonstrate improved
physical and mechanical
properties;
- mediate an excellent bond
with metals.
reduced susceptibility to fracture
(resilience)
- More freedom in preparation
- Reduced risk of fracture during
try-in
- Easy surface conditioning
prior to cementation
(sandblasting without
hydrofluoric acid etching)
91000
Conquest (Jeneric Pentron)
79 155 8'500
Columbus (Cendres et
Metaux)
77 160 12'000
Targis (Ivoclar) 80 150-160
10,000
BelleGlass HP (Belle de St.
Claire) 74 150 9'655
Touati, 1996
-
Composition
- Physical properties
- Studies on the material (in
vitro)
- Clinical investigations (in
vivo)
- Toxicological data
- Literature references
Decandiol dimethacrylate
4.8
Urethane dimethacrylate
9.3
Bariumglassfiller, silanized
46.2
Mixed oxide, silanized
18.2
High dispersed silica
11.8
Catalysts and Stabilizers
Vickers hardness (HV 0.2/30)
640 + 60 MPa
Water absorption
16.5 + 1.2 tig/mm'
Water solubility
2.0 + 0.8 Ag/MM3
Depth of cure
>- 2 mm
Consistency (Penetrometer)
3 + 0.2 mm
Date of issue / Reference:
April 1997 - PO Ima
TDENT-E.DOC
Replaces version ofFebruary 1996
Bis-GMA
8.7
Decandiol dimethacrylate
4.6
Urethane dimethacrylate
9.0
Bariumglassfiller, silanized
72.0
High dispersed silica
5.0
640 + 30 MlPa
Vickers hardness (HV 0.2/30)
700 + 60 MPa
Water absorption
16.5 + 1.2 jig/nun3
Water solubility
2.0 + 0.8 pg/mm'
Depth of cure
>- 2
mm
Consistency (Penetrometer)
Date of issue / Reference:
April 1997 - PO Inia
TSCHN-E.DOC
Replaces version of:
February 1996
Product:
VECTRIS
SINGLE, FRAME, PONTIC
Type of material: Fibre
reinforced metal-free frame work
material for the veneering
technique
Water absorption [mpg/mm']
18.8 + 0.8
18.8 + 0.8
--Water solubility [mpg/mm']
0.8 + 0.25
0.8 + 0.25
---
In-house test, R&D Ivoclar
Schaan
Vectrisl Monobo.d S
Phosphacap self-curing no
adhesion
Vectris 2 Monobond S
Vivaglass Ce. self-curing
no adhesion
Vectrisl, 4 Monobond S
2 sandblasted
4 5 min. saliva; r'@nse; 60 sec.
Email Prepaatr
Scientif,c Documentation
Tagis/Vectris
Pge 15 of3l
_ 3.4
14.3 _ 1.8 9.4 _ 2.6
12.5 _ 3.2
In-house test, R&D Ivocla,
Schaan
Discussion: The Targis Link
40
-a-7.7
34.5
30
0
2
10 154 _ 19 9742 _ 480
1.9 _ 0.3 375 31 956 70
15 151 _ 24 9851 _ 699
1.8 _ 0.3 444 1-5 941 22
31 178 _ 33 10800_ 695
2.0 _ 0.5 412 45 685 37
Targis Base should be used in the
area facing the cement.
5
0.5
[Annual equivalents]
> 50
170 _ 20 200 _ 20
145 _ 15
Water absorption [pg/mm']
<3216.5 _ 1.2 16.5 _ 1.2
27.8 _ 0.9
Water solubility [@ig/mm']
< 5 2.0 _ 0.8 2.0 _ 0.8
<5
Ta,gis
LC 11
lc'.s.1
Denti.
Institute for dental material
science and technology (Institut
20
_ Atglass Conq.est Sol'@de.
Tbe,mor@si. locro. PE T,,rgis
LC H
Incisal IM Dentin
fur zahnarztliche Werkstoffkunde
und Technologie),
University of Mainz
science and technology (Institut
fur zahnartliche Wekstoffkunde
und Technologie),
University of Mainz
- who require 1-3
restorations in premolars or
molars are examined.
Experimental:Following
preparation, impressions are
taken of the teeth (no liners/bases
are placed). The lab-fabricated
onlays are inserted with the
Experimental: Lab-fabricated
crowns are seated on the prepared
teeth (no linersibases are placed)
with Syntac ("total etch
technique") and an experimental
luting composite (Vivadent).
After 12 and 24 months, the
restorations are examined.
Abrasion (OCA/CFA), marginal
quality and discolouration,
- Patients whose lost tooth
structure cannot be restored
withcomposites
- Patients who do not
wish to have orthodontic
treatment
Experimental: Once the patients
were temporarily provided with
36 Vectris bridges (veneers of
Chromasit/Spectrasit (Ivoclar).
The wearing time up until the
examination lasted an average 7.7
weeks.
Results:The results were highly
satisfactory. Consequently,
the premolar and molar region.
Twenty-six of these bridges have
two pontics and three have three
pontics. The anterior bridges are
divided into three bridges with
one incisal and three with two
incisals. One bridge has three
Region 0-100 pm "excellent"
100-200 Jim "Satisfactory"
200 pm- "unsatisfactory"
[%] margin 65%
7%
28%
0.0 0.0
Cleaning
1
1
84.8
15.5
0.0 0.0
none little
average a lot
occlusion were given priority
during fabrication, no aesthetic
defects were observed
l The occlusion and
masticatory functions can be
effectively restored with
VECTRISbridges.
20 TargisNectris Bridges
were available, the low rate of
failure has been most impressive.
Results:
Year No. of crowns
FailuresComments
1989
9
4
after I year
A CRA clinical study on
TargisNectris crowns (Dr. G.
Christensen, Provo, Utah, USA)
will
begin in December 1996.
used for the biological testing of
dental materials.
The release of soluble substances
presents possible risks.
According to ISO 10993 and
ISO/ DIS 7405, the following
biological effects should be
Cytoxicity, the inhibition of cell
proliferation, and other effects of
the medical device on cells are
determined with cell cultures.
These tests provide an initial
evaluation of the
biocompatibility of the material.
A direct cell contact test with
Targis [3, 6] determined that this
contact sensitizing potential of
medical devices. In a
maximization test on guinea pigs
[4], Targis was demonstrated to
be non-sensitizing. An irritant
effect can also be ruled out on the
basis of the test used.
in the chromosome structure, or
gene defects in cell cultures. The
Ames Test is always used as the
screening test. In this type of
back mutation test [5], Targis
Dentin and Incisal demonstrated
no mutagenic changes.
biologically inert. Direct
exposure to the material in the
event of the veneering material
chipping off and related
mechanical irritation can be
practically excluded.
Based on this information,
may cause irritation or an allergy
or sensitization to
dimethacrylates in hypersensitive
people. This type of reaction can
be avoided to a large extent if
clean working conditions are
assured and the uncured materials
are not brought in contact with
the skin. The working technique
for these materials is state-of-the-
though the size of the dust
particles produced during the
finishing of Vectris frameworks
is not within the international
values given as presenting a high
risk [12, 13, 14], the use of
protective equipment (dust mask
and vacuum extraction equipment,
generally required when working
with fine dust) is recommended
[3] In Vitro Cytotoxicity Test:
Evaluation of materials for
medical devices (Direct cell
contact assay)
CCR Project 534701
[7] Primary eye irritation study
with Helloseal in Rabbits
RCC Project 034604
[81 Salmonella Typhimurium
Reverse Mutation Assay with
Helioseal F (Ames-Test)
[14]
Gutachterliche
Stellungnahme betreffend das
gesundheiliche, Inhalative Risiko
beim Verarbeiten vom
GerilstwerkstoffVectris der Firma
Ivoclar
RCC Projekt 620280
Zahntechnik und Zahnmedizin
Dental Labor 40 (1992) 615-628
Krejci I, Reich T, Lutz F,
Albertoni M
In-vitro-Testverfahren zitr
Einwirkung aufden Oberfachenzustand von
Dentallegierungen
(I)
Quintessenz 10, (1985) 19271934
Le concept Targis/Vectris, 2eme
partie
Proth Dent 124, (1997) 27-31
Clunet-Coste B
Targis/Vectris
Proth Dent 124, (1997) 33-37
Johnke G, K6rber K-H, K6rber S
Die Glasfuserverstirkte Briicke
ZM 86, (1996) 38-43
Faserverbund-Briicken TargisVectris
ZWR 105, (1996) 693-702
Korber S, Korber KH
Glasfaser-Briicken-Zahnersatz
Zahnarzt Magazin 3, (1996) 3242
Touati B
The evolution of aesthetic