Hydrocarbon Structure, Naming
and Energy
ChemCom
2010
Review of Periodic Table
• Organized by number of protons (atomic
number)
• Number of electrons is the same as the
number of protons
• Reactivity depends on VALENCE (outer
shell) electrons
• Number of valence electrons corresponds to
group number
Review of Chemical Bonding
• Elements are looking for full outer shell
• Combine in order to get full number of
valence electrons
• Carbon has 4 valence electrons
• Hydrogen has 1 valence electron
• Chemical energy is stored in the bonds
between atoms
Using the materials you and your
partner have, make a
hydrocarbon
Count the number of C and the number of H
Record them in the table on the board
Alkanes – the most basic
hydrocarbons
Alkane names and formulas
# Carbons
Name
Molecular
Formula
1
Methane
CH4
2
Ethane
C2H6
3
Propane
C3H8
4
Butane
C4H10
5
Pentane
C5H12
6
Hexane
C6H14
7
Heptane
C7H16
8
Octane
C8H18
9
Nonane
C9H20
10
Decane
C10H22
What do you
notice about
the names of
the alkanes?
Energy Storage
• Discuss the following with the person
sitting in front or behind you.
– Where is the energy?
– Which have the most energy?
How do we use hydrocarbons?
• Coal
– Heating
– Electricity Generation
• Oil
– Heating
– Electricity Generation
– Transportation
• Natural Gas
– Heating
– Electricity Generation
– Transportation
• Line up in the front of the room according
to the first letter of your mother’s name.
How do Hydrocarbons Form?
• Put the cards in the proper order of
formation
• Once you think the order is correct have
Ms. NH check
• Once you have been confirmed as correct
then grab your computer and write up the
proper order for your notes
• Now we know hydrocarbons are formed
deep underground.
• What are some way that you know of that
we access the hydrocarbons deep
underground?
How do we access
Hydrocarbons?
• Close your computer screens – its video
time!
• Oil and Gas Drilling Video
• Now in your own words, write a summary
of what you saw in the video.
• The oil that comes out of the ground is what
we call CRUDE OIL
• It is not useable straight from the ground, it
must be processed
How do we process
Hydrocarbons?
# Carbons
Name
Boiling Point
1
Methane
-161.7
2
Ethane
-88.6
3
Propane
-42.1
4
Butane
-0.5
5
Pentane
36.1
6
Hexane
68.7
7
Heptane
98.4
8
Octane
125.7
9
Nonane
150.8
10
Decane
174.0
Which alkanes
would be gasses
at room
temperature
(23)?
Fractionating Tower
The boiling points of the
alkanes are used to
separate the different
fractions with a tower
like the one shown to the
left.
Pull it all together
• Explain what happens to
one hydrocarbon from the
time it becomes oil
underground until it is
fractionated into a
something useful. Send
your answer to me in an
email. Please be sure to
use proper grammar for
full credit.