Chap05
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Chapter 5 Input Chapter 5 Objectives Explain how voice recognition works Describe the two types of input List the characteristics of a keyboard Identify various types of keyboards Identify various types of pointing devices Explain how a mouse works Next p. 5.2 Describe different mouse types Understand how to input data into a handheld computer Identify the uses of a digital camera Describe the various techniques used for video input Describe the uses of PC video cameras and Web cams Explain how scanners and other reading devices work Identify alternative input devices for physically challenged users What Is Input? What is input? Any data or instructions you enter into the memory of the computer Users can input data and instructions in a variety of ways Next p. 5.2 Fig. 5-1 What Is Input? What are two types of input? DATA Bradley Kinkade 42 hours $12.50 per hour Data • A collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols Instructions • Programs • Commands • User responses Next p. 5.3 Fig. 5-2 hard disk INSTRUCTIONS What is Input? What is information? Data Collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols Information Next p. 5.3 Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful What is Input? What are the three forms of instructions? Program A series of instructions that tells a computer how to perform the tasks necessary to process data into information User response An instruction you can issue by replying to a question that a computer program displays Command An instruction given to a computer program Next p. 5.3 Users can issue commands by typing or pressing keys on the keyboard, clicking a mouse button, speaking into a microphone, or touching an area of a screen What is Input? What are two features of most programs today? Menu-driven program • Provides menus as a means of entering commands • Menus contain a list of options from which you select Graphical user interface (GUI) • Uses icons, buttons, and other graphical objects that allow you to select and issue commands icons menu icons Next p. 5.3 buttons What are Input Devices? What is an input device? Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer voice input video input keyboard scanners and reading devices Next p. 5.4 pointing device digital camera The Keyboard What is a keyboard? An input device that contains keys you press to enter data into the computer Typing area • Letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other basic keys function keys Numeric keypad • Calculator-style arrangement of keys Function keys Click to view • Special keys programmed Web Link then click Keyboards to issue commands to typing area Next a computer p. 5.4 Fig. 5-3 numeric keypad The Keyboard What are the features of a typical keyboard? CD/DVD controls function keys typing area additional keys NUM LOCK key Internet and multimedia controls wrist rest status lights WINDOWS keys APPLICATION key Next p. 5.4 Fig. 5-3 arrow keys numeric keypad The Keyboard What are some special types of keys? SHIFT, CTRL, ALT and others • Used in combination with other keys to issue commands Toggle key • Switches between two different states such as the NUM LOCK or CAPS LOCK keys Keys to position the insertion point • Insertion point is a symbol that indicates where on the screen the next Next character you type p. 5.4 Fig. 5-5 will display pointer insertion point The Keyboard What are alternative forms for commands? Many programs allow you to use a button, a menu, or a function key to obtain the same result Command Button Menu Function Key(s) Copy Edit|Copy SHIFT+F2 Open File|Open CTRL+F12 Print File|Print CTRL+SHIFT+F12 Next p. 5.4 Fig. 5-4 The Keyboard What are the different types of keyboards? QWERTY keyboard • Standard computer keyboard named for the layout of its typing area Enhanced keyboard • 12 function keys along the top, 2 CTRL keys, 2 ALT keys, and a set of arrow and additional keys between the typing area and the numeric keypad Cordless keyboard • Battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology Next p. 5.5 Fig. 5-6 Notebook and many handheld keyboards • Built into the top of the system unit The Keyboard What is a portable keyboard? Next p. 5.6 Fig. 5-7 A full-sized keyboard you conveniently can attach and remove from a handheld computer The Keyboard What is an ergonomic keyboard? Designed to minimize strain on your hands and wrists Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workplace Next p. 5.6 Fig. 5-8 Pointing Devices What is a pointing device? An input device that allows you to control a pointer on the screen A pointer is a small symbol on the screen The pointer takes several shapes I-beam block arrow Next p. 5.7 pointing hand Technology Trailblazer Douglas Engelbart Click to view Web Link then click Douglas Engelbart Next p. 5.8 Scientist at the Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s Part of a team that designed the first mouse with funding from NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense Filed a patent for his design in 1965, but his thinking was too ahead of his time to reach fruition Mouse What is a mouse? Click to view video A pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of your hand The most widely used pointing device on desktop computers The mouse controls the movement of the pointer, also called the mouse pointer, on the screen Click to view Web Link then click Mouse Next p. 5.7 Mouse mouse pad How does a mechanical mouse work? A rubber or metal ball is on its underside When the ball rolls in a certain direction, electronic circuits in the mouse translate the movement of the mouse into signals the computer understands A mouse pad provides better traction and protects Next the ball from a build p. 5.7 Fig. 5-9 up of dust and dirt mouse buttons wheel button ball Mouse How does an optical mouse work? Next Uses devices that emit and sense light to detect the mouse’s movement Some use optical sensors; others use laser More precise than a mechanical mouse and does not require cleaning Slightly more expensive p. 5.7 Fig. 5-10 wheel button back button forward button optical sensor Mouse How can a mouse connect to your computer? Cable Attach to a serial port, a mouse port, or USB port on the computer Next p. 5.8 Cordless mouse Also called a wireless mouse Battery-powered device that transmits data using wireless technology, such a s radio waves or infrared light waves Mouse How do you use a mouse? As you move the mouse, the pointer on the screen also moves Step 1: Position Step 2: the mouse in the Move middlethe of the mouse mouse pad diagonally toward the left until the pointer rests on the Internet Explorer icon Next p. 5.8 Fig. 5-11 pointer pointer Other Pointing Devices What are some common mouse operations? Point Point Click Click Right-click Right-click Double-click Double-click Drag Drag Right-drag Right-drag Rotate wheel Rotate wheel Press wheel button Press wheel button Next p. 5.9 Fig. 5-12 Movethe Roll Quickly Press Point to the the and press wheel anmouse wheel release item, andacross the athe forward release button hold secondary flatprimary down surface while the or backward the mouse left mouse moving until rightthe left pointer the mouse button, mouse button button, which on the on usually the twice desktop move is usually rests without move desktop the item right on the is moving to the mouse item the the item left tothe button of choice mouse the desired desired button location location on on the the screen, screen and, and then then release release the left the right mouse mouse buttonbutton Company on the Cutting Edge Logitech Click to view Web Link then click Logitech Next p. 5.9 World’s largest manufacturer of the mouse Has created more than 200-million corded and cordless devices since 1981 Also designs, produces, and markets keyboards, optical trackballs, joysticks, gamepads, and Internet video cameras Other Pointing Devices? What is a trackball? Click to view Web Link then click Trackballs Next p. 5.10 Fig. 5-13 trackball A stationary pointing device with a ball on its top To move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, fingers, or the palm of your hand Other Pointing Devices What is a touchpad? Also called a trackpad A small flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion Typically built onto keyboards Click to view Web of laptop or Link then click Touchpads notebook touchpad Next computers p. 5.10 Fig. 5-14 Other Pointing Devices What is a pointing stick? A pressuresensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys on the keyboard Click to view Web Link then click Pointing Sticks Next p. 5.11 Fig. 5-15 pointing stick Other Pointing Devices joystick What are a joystick and a wheel? Next Help the user control the actions of players and vehicles in game and simulation software A joystick is a vertical lever mounted on a base • You move the lever in different directions to control the actions of a vehicle or player A wheel is a steering-wheel type input device • You turn the wheel to drive a car, truck, or other vehicle • Most include foot pedals p. 5.11 Fig. 5-16 wheel pedal Other Pointing Devices What is a light pen? Next A handheld input device that contains a light source or can detect light Some require a specially designed monitor To select objects on the screen, you press the light pen against the surface of the screen and then press a button on the pen p. 5.12 Fig. 5-17 Other Pointing Devices What is a touch screen? A touch-sensitive display You interact with the device by touching areas of the screen with your finger Often found in kiosks located in stores, hotels, airports, and museums Next p. 5.12 Fig. 5-18 Other Pointing Devices What is a stylus? Looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses pressure to write text and draw lines stylus or pen Originally called a pen or electronic pen Used in professional graphical applications A graphics tablet, also called a digitizer or digitizing tablet, is a flat rectangular, electronic plastic board used with a stylus Click to view Web Link then click Stylus Next p. 5.13 Fig. 5-19 Other Pointing Devices What is a cursor? A cursor is a device that looks similar to a mouse, except it has a window with cross hairs The user can see through the window to the tablet Next p. 5.13 Fig. 5-19 cursor Other Pointing Devices What is an electronic signature? Also called an e-signature Pen and graphics tablet used with special software for handwriting recognition An electronic signature is just as legal as an ink signature Click to view Web Link then click E-signatures Next p. 5.13 Fig. 5-20 Other Pointing Devices What is handwriting recognition software? Some notebooks and many handheld computers have touch screens that allow you to input data using a stylus Software translates handwritten letters and symbols into characters that the computer understands Next p. 5.14 Fig. 5-21 Voice Input What is voice input? Click to view animation Next p. 5.14 The process of entering data by speaking into a microphone that is attached to the sound card on the computer Voice recognition, also called speech recognition, is the computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words speaker-dependent software speaker-independent software The computer makes a profile of yourspeech voice discrete Has a built-in set of word patterns You You havehave to train the to speak computerslowly to recognize and your voiceeach separate word with a short pause vs. continuous speech You do not have to train a computer to Allows you to recognize your voice speak in a flowing conversational tone Voice Input How does voice recognition work? You’re right! Natural Language Engine …Your write …You’re right …Your right Step 3: 1: 2: User The analog-to-digital software dictates text converter 4: An To narrow a list down, the into microphone. (ADC) compares translates the spoken sound waves software presents the user withinto a list of digital measurements measurements theinlanguage computer its choices or usestoa those natural can understand. database to to find aMeasurements match component predict theor most likely include list of possible pitch, volume, matches. silences, match. The user may correct anyand wrong phenomes. Phenomes are sound units selection made by the software. such as aw and guh. Next p. 5.15 Fig. 5-22 Matches your, you’re right, write Voice Input What is audio input? Next p. 5.16 The process of entering any sound into the computer such as speech, music, and sound effects Requires a sound card Input sound via a device such as a microphone, tape player, CD player, or radio Windows stores audio files as waveforms • Called WAV files with a .wav extension Voice Input What is MIDI? An external device such as an electronic piano keyboard used to input music and other sound effects Music is stored in the computer Next p. 5.16 Fig. 5-23 Input Devices for Handheld Computers What is the primary input method for a handheld computer? A handheld computer typically includes a basic stylus Stylus used to enter data in two ways • On-screen Click to keyboard view video • Handwriting recognition Click to view Web Link software then click Handheld Computer Input Next p. 5.17 Fig. 5-24 Input Devices for Handheld Computers How is a data entered into a handheld device? stylus voice input handwriting recognition characters stylus stylus transfer data to desktop computer on-screen keyboard Next p. 5.17 Fig. 5-25 digital camera portable keyboard Company on the Cutting Edge Palm Click to view Web Link then click Palm Next p. 5.14 More than two million people worldwide have a Palm handheld computer Commands three-fourths of the handheld computer market More than 43,000 developers are working on new software applications and hardware add-ons Technology Trailblazer Donna Dubinsky President and CEO of 3Com’s Palm Computing Division Founded Handspring with Jeff Hawkins in 1998 with the goal of becoming the leading handheld computing device maker for the consumer market Click to The most-rapidly view Web Link adopted new computing then click DonnaDubinsky product ever Next manufactured p. 5.17 Digital Cameras What is a digital camera? Next Allows you to take pictures and store the photographed images digitally Images are viewable immediately on the camera You can download, or transfer a copy of the pictures from the camera to the computer Images can be edited, printed, or posted on a Web site or photo community p. 5.18 Fig. 5-26 Digital Cameras How are digital camera images stored? Generally, the more expensive cameras use higher-capacity storage devices, which means they can hold more pictures floppy disk memory stick PC Card SuperDisk compact flash card Clik! disk mini-CD microdrive Next p. 5.18 Digital Cameras How does a digital camera work? Next Step 1: Point to the image photograph. Step 2:to The image is Light passes into the focused on a chip Step 3: the Thecamera. CCD called lens of a charge-coupled device generates an analog (CCD). Step Therepresents analog signal signal4:that is theconverted image. to a digital Step Images are Step 5:by A digital signal signal6: an analog-totransferred to a computer processor (DSP) adjusts digital converter (ADC). by of theplugging quality ofone theend image the cable into adigital camera and stores thesoftware Step 7: Using and theon other cable end image storage media supplied with theor the into a computer; in the camera. camera, thecopied imagestoare images are the viewed ondirectly the screen, hard disk from incorporated into the media. documents, or printed. p. 5.19 Fig. 5-27 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Digital Cameras What are three basic types of digital cameras? Studio camera A stationary camera used for professional studio work Most expensive and highest quality Point-and-shoot camera Provides acceptable quality photographic images for the home or small business user Field camera A portable camera that has many lenses and other attachments Click to view video Next p. 5.19 Can be quite expensive More affordable and lightweight Digital Cameras What is resolution? Next The sharpness and clearness of an image The higher the resolution, the better the image quality, but the more expensive the camera A pixel (picture element) is a single point in an electronic image In digital images the pixel is a tiny square The greater the number of pixels, the better the quality of the image p. 5.20 Fig. 5-28 Digital Cameras What are measurements of resolution? megapixel optical resolution 1 million pixels The actual photographed resolution dots per inch (dpi) Number of pixels in an inch of screen bits per dot display Number of bits a camera stores in a dot Next p. 5.20 The more bits used to represent a dot, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented enhanced resolution Also called interpolated resolution Uses a special formula to add pixels between those generated by the optical resolution Video Input What is video input? The process of entering a full-motion recording into a computer and storing it on a storage medium digital video Also called video capture A video capture card is an expansion card that converts the analog video signal into a digital signal that a computer can understand A digital video (DV) camera is a video camera that records video as digital signals Next p. 5.21 Fig. 5-29 video-in plug analog video camera camera Video Input What are some factors related to video input? Video files can require huge amounts of storage space Video compression is used to decrease the size of the files Files can be compressed using software or hardware video digitizer video decoder A card that decompresses video data Next p. 5.21 Used to capture an individual frame from an analog video and then save the picture in a file Video Input What is a PC video camera? A DV camera that allows the home user to record, edit, and capture video and still images and to make video telephone calls on the Internet PC video camera Also called a PC camera Next p. 5.22 Fig. 5-30 Video Input How can you use a PC video camera? Next p. 5.22 Video telephone call • Both parties see each other as they talk To provide security in your home • The PC camera can be set to take digital photographs at preset time intervals A digital watermark • A small digital image that when held in front of a PC camera, displays an associated Web page on the computer screen Video Input What is a Web cam? A video camera whose output displays on a Web page Also called a cam Some display still pictures and update the displayed images at a specified time or time intervals A streaming cam shows moving images by sending a continual stream of Next pictures p. 5.23 Fig. 5-31 Video Input What is videoconferencing? Next A meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network on the Internet to transmit audio and video data Requires videoconferencing software, microphone, speakers, and a video camera attached to your computer A whiteboard is another window on the screen that can display notes and drawings simultaneously on all participants’ screens p. 5.24 Fig. 5-32 Scanners and Reading Devices What is a scanner? A device that captures data directly from source documents A source document is the original form of the data Click to view animation Next p. 5.24 Scanners and Reading Devices What is an optical scanner? Next Usually called a scanner A light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can use A flatbed scanner, a more popular type, works similarly to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy p. 5.25 Fig. 5-34 Scanners and Reading Devices How does a flatbed scanner work? Step 1: The document to be scanned is Step 2: face A bright light placed down on moves underneath the glass window the Step 3: An image of scanned document the document is reflected into a series Step 4: The light is of mirrors to an converted Step 5: electrical The digital analog information is to current that can is sent Step 6: You print memory into the converted a digital the image,to e-mail it, computer be used signal by an analoginclude it in a by illustration, to-digital converter document, or place itor desktop publishing, (ADC) on a Web page or it is other software; stored on disk Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Next p. 5.25 Fig. 5-33 Step 4 Step 6 Step 5 Scanners and Reading Devices What are various types of scanners? Pen or handheld Flatbed Click to view Web Link then click Scanners Drum Next p. 5.26 Fig. 5-34 Sheet-fed Scanners and Reading Devices What is image processing? Also called imaging Consists of capturing, storing, analyzing, displaying, printing, and manipulating images Allows you to convert paper documents into an electronic form An image processing system is similar to an electronic filing cabinet that provides access to exact reproductions of the Next original document p. 5.26 Scanners and Reading Devices What is an optical reader? A device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then converts them into digital data that a computer can process Optical mark recognition Optical character recognition (OCR) Next p. 5.27 Bar code scanner Scanners and Reading Devices What is optical character recognition (OCR)? A technology that involves reading typewritten, computer-printed, or handwritten characters from ordinary documents and translating the images into a form that the computer can understand Software Works with an optical scanner to convert a scanned image into a text file that can be edited Next p. 5.26 OCR device Includes a small optical scanner for reading characters and sophisticated software for analyzing what is read Scanners and Reading Devices What is an OCR font? An OCR font, such as OCR-A, is used with OCR devices An OCR device determines the shapes of characters by detecting patterns of light and dark OCR software converts the shapes into characters the computer can understand Next p. 5.27 Fig. 5-35 Scanners and Reading Devices What is a turnaround document? Next Many companies use OCR characters on turnaround documents A turnaround document is one that you return to the company that creates and sends it p. 5.27 Fig. 5-36 Scanners and Reading Devices What is optical mark recognition (OMR)? Next Reads handdrawn marks such as small circles or rectangles A person places these marks on a form, such as a test, survey, or questionnaire answer sheet p. 5.28 Fig. 5-37 Scanners and Reading Devices What is a bar code scanner? Uses laser beams to read bar codes Next p. 5.28 Fig. 5-38 Scanners and Reading Devices What is a bar code? An identification code that consists of a set of vertical lines and spaces of different widths Represents data that identifies the manufacturer and the item The scanner reads a bar code by using light patterns that pass through the bar code lines Number system character identifies type of product Manufacturer identification number (Kellogg’s, in this case) Check character verifies accuracy of scanned UPC symbol Next p. 5.28 Fig. 5-39 Item number (10 oz. Box of Froot Loops Scanners and Reading Devices What are some widely used types of bar codes? Nonretail Libraries, blood applications as parcel manufacturing, banks,such and air inventory, Similar military, to UPC, and except carriers health applications used in Europe. A Nonretail requiring variation numbers ofapplications, and EAN is Supermarkets, Codabar such asService game tickets, U.S. Postal to letters in used the bar for ISBN code convenience, and Magazines andrequiring books only numbers represent a postal numbers onused books specialty stores to display a Web page Code 39 inorthe bar code delivery point tocode identify EAN – European code manufacturers and Article Numbering POSTNET – Postal Interleaved 2 of 5 products Web bar code Next Numeric Encoding p. 5.29 Fig. 5-40 UPCTechnique – Universal Product Code Scanners and Reading Devices What is a magnetic ink character recognition reader (MICR)? Can read text printed with magnetized ink The banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR for check processing Next p. 5.30 Fig. 5-41 check number bank number account number check amount Scanners and Reading Devices What is wireless input? A handheld computer or device is used to collect data wirelessly at the location where the transaction or event takes place Later the data is transferred to a desktop computer through a docking station Next p. 5.31 Fig. 5-42 Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users Why are computers important for those with physical limitations? Next p. 5.31 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires any company with 15 or more employees make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers Many input devices address the needs of users with physical limitations Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users What is a keyguard? A metal or plastic plate placed over the keyboard Allows users to rest their hands on the keyboard without accidentally pressing any keys Also guides a finger or pointing device so a user presses only one key at a time For users with limited hand mobility Next p. 5.31 Fig. 5-43 Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users What is an on-screen keyboard? A graphic of a standard keyboard that displays on the user’s screen A pointing device is used to press the keys Next p. 5.32 Fig. 5-44 Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users What options are available for users with motor disabilities? A handheld switch can be used as a pointing device A portable computer or pointing device can be mounted to a wheelchair People with limited hand movement can use a head-mounted pointer Next p. 5.32 Fig. 5-45 Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users What are new developments in computing that will benefit physically challenged users? Developments now in the prototype stage attempt to provide users with a natural computer interface Implantation Gesture recognition • Computer will be able to detect human motions • Computers with this Next p. 5.32 capabilities have the potential to recognize sign language, read lips, track facial movements, or follow eye gazes • For paralyzed or speech impaired individuals • A doctor will implant a computerized device containing a transmitter into the brain • As the users thinks, the transmitter will send signals to the computer PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER What type of input devices do users require? • Enhanced Mobile keyboard or ergonomic keyboard Small Office/Home Office Home • Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard • Mouse • Mouse keyboard or ergonomic • Joystick or wheel • Enhanced keyboard • Stylus and portable keyboard for handheld computer • 30-bit 600x1,200 dpi color scanner • Mouse • 36-bit 600x1,200 dpi color •scanner 1-or 2-megapixel digital camera • Touch screen • 1-or 2-megapixel digital camera • Microphone • Light pen for point-of-sale terminals • Microphone • Voice recognition software • 42-bit 1,200x1,200 dpi color scanner • Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard Power Large Business Wireless mouse for notebook computer • Voice recognition•software • PC video camera • OCR or OMR or bar code reader or MICR • Mouse reader or pointing stick on • PC video camera• Trackball , touchpad, • Stylus and cursor for graphics tablet notebook computer • Microphone • 48-bit 1,200x1,200 dpi color scanner • Stylus and portable keyboard for handheld • Voice recognition software • 3-megapixel digital camera computer •Next Video camera for videoconferences Microphone • 2-or 3-megapixel• digital camera p. 5.33 Fig. 5-46 • software PC video camera • Voice recognition Summary of Input Next What is input? What are input devices? The keyboard Pointing devices Mouse Other pointing devices Voice input Input devices for handheld computers Digital cameras Video input Scanners and reading devices Input devices for physically challenged users Chapter 5 Complete
