CERN Greenhouse Gas Inventory – Detector Cooling
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29 June 2011
Background;
Status on regulatory requirements;
Inventory carried out in 2005;
Results of the inventory of 2011 for refrigerants;
Comparative figures for emission of PFCs into the atmosphere;
Conclusion.
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1. Background
• On 19 November 2010, HSE unit gave a presentation to CERN Department
Heads, summarizing the most relevant environmental domains to the
Organization:
Air protection
Water protection
Soil protection
Usage of hazardous substances
Environmental noise
Waste management
Energy management
Non-ionizing radiation
Prevention of environmental accidents
Protection of natural resources (biodiversity)
• HSE Unit will propose indicators for each domain by the end of the year 2011;
• Environmental initiatives taken within the Departments shall be
communicated to Enrico Cennini to centralize the information.
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1. Background
Subject of the
meeting of today!
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2. Status on regulatory requirements
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Requirements fixed by the Kyoto Protocol (1997);
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Requirements set in specific regulations of the European Union (Decision No
280/2004/EC and Regulation (EC) No 842/2006);
•
Requirements defined in France by the Livre V – Code de l’environnement – Fluides
frigorigènes – Articles R.543-75 à R.543-123;
•
Requirements defined in Switzerland within the ORRCHIM (Annexes 1.5 & 2.10 of the
Ordonnance sur la réduction des risques liés à l’utilisation de substances, de
préparations et d’objet particulièrement dangeureux);
•
Declaration thresholds for PFCs in France and Switzerland: 100 kg/year of emission
into the atmosphere (FR: Arrêté du 31/01/08; CH: ORRTP);
•
Today no CERN specific Safety Rule. HSE Unit considers to include some requirements
within a General Safety Instruction, which would be part of a set of Safety Rules on
Protection of the Environment.
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3. Inventory carried out in 2005
• Request by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), mainly
focusing on sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which is used as experimental gas at
CERN (e.g. Alice);
• In 2005 emissions of SF6 into the atmosphere were assessed to be around
150 kg/year during LHC operation, meaning 3’300 CO2 – equivalent tons
(Global Warming Potential – GWP – of SF6 is 22’200);
• In 2005 emissions of PFCs used as refrigerants for LHC experiments cooling
systems were assessed to be around 2’030 kg/year during LHC operation
(considering a loss of 10% along the cooling circuits), meaning approximately
17’460 CO2 – equivalent tons (GWP of PFCs between 8’600 and 9’000).
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4. Results of the inventory of 2011 for refrigerants
Questionnaire given to the DSOs by the end of March 2011. EN/CV provided the figures for
all refrigerants concerned.
Part linked to chillers and other air conditioning units:
• Emission of 1’400 kg/year of HFCs and remaining HCFCs, meaning approximately
2’000 CO2 – equivalent tons1.
Part linked to LHC detectors cooling systems:
• Negligible emission of HFCs;
• Averaged emissions of 8’246 kg/year of PFCs over the last five years, meaning
approximately 70’916 CO2 – equivalent tons/year2;
• Averaged emissions of 4’364 kg/year of PFCs over the last five years, excluding
major leaks at CMS;
• Forecast for the year 2011 according to present leaks (status May 2011):
emissions of 2’371 kg/year (~ 20’391 CO2 – equivalent tons/year).
1 . GWP of 1300 for HFCs and of 400 for HCFCs.
2. GWP of 8600 used as average, although C6F14 has a GWP of 9000.
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4. Results of the inventory of 2011 for refrigerants
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5. Comparative figures for emission of PFCS into the atmosphere
• Swiss inventory of Greenhouse Gases, status report of April 2011:
The last figures from the year 2009 indicate at total emission of PFCs into the
atmosphere of 34’700 CO2 – equivalent tons.
Emissions 1990-2009
Gaz synthétiques (HFC/PFC/SF6)
Etat avril 2011
en 1000 t d'équivalents CO2 (2)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total
243.85
230.81
223.79
170.19
162.33
291.16
1029.00
1023.30
1038.12
1133.69
1070.34
Processus industriels
HFC
PFC
SF6
243.85
0.02
100.21
143.62
230.81
0.19
84.70
145.92
223.79
6.32
69.26
148.21
170.19
14.15
29.69
126.35
162.33
32.62
17.66
112.04
291.16
178.74
14.69
97.73
1029.00
783.28
33.15
212.56
1023.30
790.14
32.62
200.53
1038.12
823.24
29.15
185.73
1133.69
855.76
39.96
237.97
1070.34
854.32
34.70
181.32
(1) Catégories et numérotation selon l'IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).
(2) Équivalents CO2 correspondent à la somme des gaz. Les gaz autres que le CO 2 ont été convertis suivant leur potentiel de réchauffement atmosphérique (IPCC 1995).
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5. Comparative figures for emission of PFCS into the atmosphere
• French inventory of Greenhouse Gases, status report of March 2011:
The last figures from the year 2009 indicate at total emission of PFCs into the
atmosphere of 400’000 CO2 – equivalent tons.
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6. Conclusion
• No specific regulatory requirements applicable to CERN in the field of
monitoring the level of emissions of refrigerants and on restriction of usage, due
to its international status and scientific research activities;
• However, Host States Authorities may ask in future to report about emission of
refrigerants. CERN shall be prepared to answer;
• HSE Unit would recommend to concerned units (EN/CV and LHC cooling
coordinators) to define a monitoring plan, report about the emission of
refrigerants (e.g. on quarterly basis) and define achievable action plans to
reduce these emissions.
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