Food and Digestion
Lecture
Elizabeth Kim
Eugene Baeg
Jihun Jeong
Zenith Shrestha
Bellwork Time!
● Work with your table on this!
● List at least 5 foods that you ate for breakfast today.
● Try to list as many organs that you think helped in the digestion of
your breakfast.
See how many you got correct!
● The person in the middle stand up and HONESTLY say how many
you got!
5 Teaching Points
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Food provides us with energy.
Helps grow and repair cells.
Our body requires 6 essential nutrients `to function.
There are many organs involved in digestion, which is when food is
broken down into usable forms of energy (ATP).
● There are two types of digestive processes, mechanical and
chemical reactions.
Food and its purposes
● Food provides us with energy for everything
● Provides materials for growing and for repairing tissues
● Food contain nutrients, substances that provide energy and help
carry out essential processes like respiration, etc.
Carbohydrates
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Provides short term energy
Made up of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
Make materials to make cell parts
Pasta, rice, potato, etc.
Fats
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Healthy Fats
2x energy than carbohydrates (long term energy)
Unsaturated Fat
Makes up cell membrane
Protect/support internal organs
Insulates our body
Unhealthy Fats
Saturated Fat
Trans Fat
Cholesterol
Vitamins
● Can sometimes be made by our body
● Helps in chemical reactions, like blood clotting
● All vitamin helps your body based on its letter (Vitamin C is food
for your skin)
Minerals
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Do not provide energy
Keep our body healthy (calcium provides strong bones, etc.)
Not made by living things
We get them by eating them
Absorbed by plants through roots
Proteins
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Meat, cheese, eggs, and dairy product
Used for tissue growth and repair
Chains of amino acid makes a big protein
Skin diseases results from lack of protein
Water
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Also known as H20
Allows organisms to function properly
Soften downs food and makes it easier to digest
Helps in blood circulation because its a good solvent
Let’s have some Brain-pop!
Digestion
● Food is converted into energy (ATP) first through digestion and
then cellular respiration
● Mechanical Digestion: food is broken down physically
● Chemical Digestion: chemicals break down food
Organs involved
● Mouth, salivary gland, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
The mouth and the esophagus
● Saliva is an enzyme that helps in both mechanical and chemical in
mouth
● Food flows into the stomach through the esophagus
● Esophagus: tube containing mucus helps in flowing of food from
the mouth to the stomach (peristalsis)
The stomach
● Stomach stores food and more mechanical processes takes place
● Acids such as digestive juice/pepsin, hydrochloric acid, help in
chemical reactions
● The liver produces bile, which helps in breaking fat particles
Absorption
● Nutrients are absorbed from the food
● Villis in the small intestine, help in absorptions and circulation of
nutrients
Ending of Digestion
● Water is absorbed in the large intestine
● The waste goes out of your anus and gets released
Pick a Corner!
Instructions
● There are 4 corners, A, B, C, and D.
● Listen to the question carefully.
● If you think you heard the right answer, go to the corner with the
letter that represents your answer.
● DO NOT FOLLOW ANYONE!!!
Question 1
What nutrients cannot be made by us but is essential to carry out
different processes?
A) Vitamins
B) Fats
C) Minerals
D) Proteins
Question 2
What is a tube that connects the mouth to the stomach?
A) Esophagus
B) Villi
C) Small intestine
D) Rectum
Question 3
Name a type of digestion
A) Bile digestion
B) Endoplasmic digestion
C) Villi digestion
D) Chemical digestion
Question 4
What does the liver produce?
A) Bile
B) Saliva
C) Fat
D) None of the above
Question 5
What does the small intestine do?
A) Helps absorb water
B) Place where most mechanical digestion takes place
C) Place where most chemical digestion takes place
D) Place where wastes are released
Question 6
What does the large intestine do?
A) Where the remaining material is released
B) Where the food gets broken down
C) A water storage
D) Where the food is made into ATP
Question 7
What is the most important nutrient?
A) Vitamins
B) Proteins
C) Fats
D) Water
Question 8
What is the largest organ in the digestive system? (Remember from
the Visual Aid? ;-)
A) Liver
B) Large Intestine
C) Stomach
D) Small Intestine
Question 9
What are proteins needed for?
A) Producing saliva
B) Tissue growth and repair
C) Creating enzymes
D) Creating brain cells
Question 10
What is bile?
A) A chemical acid liquid
B) One of the organs in the body
C) The brain cell
D) None of the above
Question 11
How do we get minerals?
A) eating plants
B) mining rocks
C) our body produces it
D) absorbing carbon and oxygen
Question 12
Name some of the carbohydrates?
A) Bread
B) Apple
C) Tree
D) The Sun
Question 13
What process moves food in digestion?
A) peristalsis
B) digestion
C) epiglottis
D) liver
Question 14
What does the esophagus do?
A) Releases the useless stuff
B) Grind your food
C) All of the above
D) Connects the mouth to the stomach
Question 15
Where does mechanical and chemical digestion start?
A) Stomach
B) Mouth
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine
Question 16
What happens when food reaches the stomach?
A. Nothing. No digestion occurs in the stomach.
B. The food moves quickly into the small intestine.
C. Juices mix with the food and stomach muscles squeeze it.
D. The food is completely digested and is absorbed
by tiny blood vessels in the walls of the stomach.
Question 17
What does the digestive system do?
A) Breaks down and handles food
B) Pumps blood throughout the body
C) Helps you breathe
D) Helps your arms and legs move
Question 18
What is removed from the undigested food when it is in the Large Intestine?
a) water
b) nutrients
c) energy
d) sugar
Question 19
Tiny fingerlike projections in the small intestine?
A.villi
B.anus
C.rectum
Question 20
All of the following are organs of the digestive system except the
A) appendix
B) liver
C) tongue
D) esophagus
Arranging Processes of Digestion
Instructions
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The steps of digestion given below are WRONG.
Re-arrange them in order that we eat food in.
Raise your hand high once you are done!
The first one to get the correct answer will get a lovely prize and
will also have to perform a surprise act with it!
Here we GO!
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Water is absorbed in the large intestine.
The food flows into the stomach through the esophagus.
Waste products are released from †he ånus.
Both mechanical and chemical takes place in the mouth.
Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
Food enters your mouth.
Acids such as digestive juice/pepsin, hydrochloric acid, help in
chemical reactions in the stomach.