Exploration and Expansion
1400 – 1700
•1.
•2.
•3.
•4.
Voyages of Discovery
Conquest and Colonies
New Patterns of Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade
•What drove explorers from the rest of Europe?
1200 - 1800
1. Voyages of Discovery
Pre Columbian Map of the Known world
•
Briefly describe the distortions of the map.
1200 - 1800
Drive for European Exploration
How did these factors contribute
towards exploration?
1.
Crusades 
2.
Renaissance 
3.
Reformation 
4.
Nation –States 
5.
Technological Advances 
6.
Fame and Fortune 
1200 - 1800
New Maritime Technologies
•The Rediscovery of the New World
(Vikings in AD 1000) in the 15th century would not have
happened without key advancements in technology.
Match the term with the picture! Please provide a
description of each one.
►Hartman Astrolabe
(1532) –
►Mariner’s Compass –
►Sextant –
►Better Maps [Portulan] –
1200 - 1800
New Weapons Technology
►Caravel –
►How did the caravel
lead to advancements
in exploration?
►Invention of gun
powder
1200 - 1800
2. Conquest and Colonies
•
•
What two countries are located on the Iberian
Peninsula?
Two countries that kicked off the age of exploration
1200 - 1800
T he Portuguese
Portugal was the first
country to launch largescale voyages of
exploration
Who is this and what did
he do?
1200 - 1800
Discoveries of Islands in the
Atlantic
•
•
The Canary Islands
–
These islands are located immediately off the
coast of Africa.
–
Portugal signed an agreement with Spain, known
as the Treaty of Alcacovas, in 1479.
The Azores Islands
–
These islands are located approximately 1200
miles from the Iberian Peninsula.
–
These nation-states are one-third of the way to
the New World.
–
What was the significance of the Treaty of
Alcacovas?
–
Why were the islands called the Canary Islands?
1200 - 1800
Portuguese Maritime Empire
in A frica
Vasco da Gama
Bartholomew Diaz
Pedro Cabral
Place the correct
person next to the
picture and identify
their explorations
1. Bartholomew Diaz
1. Vasco da Gama
Place the picture and the person
where they explored.
1200 - 1800
The Spanish
Briefly describe the characters in the picture. Who are
they? What is going on?
1200 - 1800
Christofo Colon [1451-1506]
1200 - 1800
T he Admiral of T he Atlantic
•For each journey, identify where Columbus explored (use the map
and text on the next page to help)
•First Voyage –
•Second Voyage
•Third Voyage
•Fourth Voyage
1200 - 1800
’Four Voyages on Map
1200 - 1800
Americus Vespucci
•
Why is America named in this man’s honor?
1200 - 1800
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
•
What did Balboa discover?
Ferdinand Magellan
• For what was Ferdinand
Magellan famous?
1200 - 1800
1200 - 1800
Other Voyages of Exploration
1200 - 1800
The English
•
•
John and Sebastian Cabot (1497-1501)
Sir Francis Drake –
1200 - 1800
The Dutch
•
•
By the early years of the 1600’s, the Netherlands,
once a Spanish possession, had become a powerful
trading nation
Henry Hudson –
Atlantic Explorations
1200 - 1800
Conquest and Colonies
Official
European
Colony!
Explorers
•
Place the information in the correct order!
•
What two European countries dominated South America?
•
What two or three European countries dominated North America?
•
•
Thus began the first wave of immigration to America
What is the second? The third?? The fourth??? When?
1200 - 1800
Spain Builds an Empire
• What was the
Encomienda system –
• How did it affect the
Natives?
1200 - 1800
Spanish Conquests: T he Aztecs Mexico
vs.
•Fernando Cortez –
•Montezuma II –
1200 - 1800
T he Death of Montezuma II
•Cortez advantages –
•On November 8, 1519, battle erupted and Montezuma was
killed;
1200 - 1800
Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
1200 - 1800
Spanish Conquest: T he Incas Peru
vs.
•Francisco Pizarro
•Atahualpa
1200 - 1800
Administration of the Spanish
Empire in the New World
►
Result – disease and mistreatment led to 90% fatality rate – 50
million to 4 million
1200 - 1800
Father Bartolome de Las Casas
•Who was he and what
did he want to do?
New Laws  1542
1200 - 1800
T he Pope’s Line of Demarcation
•What was the line of
demarcation?
Treaty of Tordesillas,
•What were the
terms of the Treaty
of Tordesillas?
1200 - 1800
1200 - 1800
French Colonization
• Where some areas that the French explored?
1200 - 1800
Dutch Exploration
•
Where did the Dutch explore?
1200 - 1800
English Colonization
•
How did the Elizabethan Seas
Dogs help establish Great Britain
as the dominant power in the
world?
1200 - 1800
The Founding of Virginia
• Jamestown-1607
1200 - 1800
Captain John Smith
• Who is he?
T he Virginia Colony
•What was the chief crop of the Virginia colony?
Who are the two in the image?
The Failure of Jamestown
• The settlement was doomed to fail from the
beginning.
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1200 - 1800
The French and Indian War in
North America
• Who won the French and
Indian War?
• Why was it significant?
George Washington
1200 - 1800
European Empires in the Americas
1200 - 1800
3. New Patterns of Trade
•
What were some of the major crops that the United States traded
with the rest of the world?
1200 - 1800
New Colonial Rivals
•Briefly explain the Triangular Trade?
1200 - 1800
T he “Columbian Exchange”

Squash

Avocado

Peppers

Sweet Potatoes

Turkey

Pumpkin

Tobacco

Quinine Keanwa!

Cocoa

Pineapple

Cassava

POTATO

Peanut

TOMATO

Vanilla

MAIZE

Syphilis

Trinkets

Liquor

GUNS

Olive

COFFEE BEAN

Banana

Rice

Onion

Turnip

Honeybee

Barley

Grape

Peach

SUGAR CANE

Oats

Citrus Fruits

Pear

Wheat

HORSE

Cattle

Sheep

Pigs

Smallpox

Flu

Typhus

Measles

Malaria

Diptheria

Whooping Cough
1200 - 1800
The Introduction to New
Diseases
• European diseases spread to the
Americas – small pox, measles, influenza,
and malaria
• Mexico – decreased by 30% in the first
ten years of contact with Europeans
• Inca empire decreased from about 13
million to 2 million people from 1492 to
1600
• North America – 2 million to 500,000
from 1492 to 1600
Mercantilism
• What was Mercantilism?
1200 - 1800
1200 - 1800
Balance of Trade
• What is a tariff?
1200 - 1800
The Rise of Capitalism
• What is capitalism?
1200 - 1800
4. Trans-Atlantic Slave
Trade
•Where did most slaves go to?
1200 - 1800
Origins of the Slave Trade
1.
Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans.
2.
Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans
slaves.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations in the Americas
were in need of labor
First boatload of African slaves brought by the
Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exported
to other countries.
3.
Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to
the Americas.
1200 - 1800
T he Middle Passage
1200 - 1800
“Coffin” Position Below Deck
1200 - 1800
A frican Captives T hrown
Overboard
1200 - 1800
Slaves Working in a
Brazilian Sugar Mill
1200 - 1800
Effects of the Slave Trade
• African Diaspora –