Indices
of
deprivation
2015
Contents
Introduction
3
Index of multiple deprivation 2015
4
Income domain
7
Employment domain
9
Education domain
11
Health domain
15
Crime domain
18
Barriers to housing and services domain
20
Living environment domain
24
Income deprivation affecting children index
29
Income deprivation affecting older people index
31
Comparison 2010 to 2015
33
Technical notes
37
Introduction
The indices of deprivation 2015 is the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in
England.
The indices of deprivation rank each lower super output area (LSOA) in England in order of
deprivation.
These are then grouped into ten groups known as deciles.
LSOAs in decile 1 are the 10% most deprived LSOAs in the country.
LSOAs in decile 10 are the 10% least deprived in the country.
The deprivation is measured using a number of domains, some domains are rated more highly
than others so make up a higher share of the score.
The measure that combines all the indices of deprivation domains is the most commonly used
measure of deprivation and is known as the index of multiple deprivation (IMD).
The domains that make up the index
The deprivation is measured using a number of domains,
some domains are rated more highly than others so make up more of the score.
Measures the proportion of the
population experiencing deprivation
relating to low income. This includes both
people that are out of work and those
that are in work, but have low earnings
Measures the lack of attainment and
skills in the local population. The
indicator has two sub-domains:
• children and young people
• adult skills
Measures the risk of personal and
material victimisation at local level
Measures the physical and financial
accessibility of housing and local
services. The indicator has two subdomains:
• geographical barriers
• wider barriers.
22.5%
Income
deprivation
22.5%
Employment
deprivation
13.5%
Education, skills and
training deprivation
13.5%
Health deprivation
and disability
9.3%
Crime
9.3%
Barriers to housing
and services
9.3%
Living environment
Measures the proportion of the
working age population involuntarily
excluded from the labour market.
This includes people who would like
to work but are unable to do so due
to unemployment, sickness or
disability or caring responsibilities
Measures the risk of premature
death and the impairment of quality
of life through poor physical or
mental health
Measures the quality of the local
environment.
The indicator has two sub-domains:
• indoor living environment - the
quality of housing
• outdoor living environment
measures of air quality and road
traffic accidents
Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) 2015
Brent has 173 LSOAs
Number of LSOAs in each decile
41
31
29
23
22
14
8
4
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Most deprived
9
10
Least deprived
Brent’s national rank
39
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Index of multiple deprivation 2015
Domains
Income deprivation (22.5%)
Indicator
Source
Adults and children in income support families
Department of work and pensions (DWP) and HM
revenues and customs
Adults and children in income-based jobseekers’ allowance families
Adults and children in income-based employment and support allowance
families
Adults and children in pension credit (guaranteed) families
Adults and children in child tax and working tax credit families, below 60%
median income not already counted
HM revenues and customs
Asylum seekers in England in receipt of subsistence support,
accommodation support, or both
Home office
Changes since 2010
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Modified indicator: People in receipt of child tax and
working tax credit – includes all people who are below
the income threshold.
41
33
Method
Numerator: The non-overlapping counts for each
indicator were summed
Denominator: Total population mid-2012 less the
prison population
29
23
19
18
7
1
2
Most deprived
3
4
5
6
7
2
1
8
9
10
Least deprived
Income deprivation (22.5%)
Brent’s national rank
30
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Employment deprivation (22.5%)
Indicator
Source
Claimants of job seekers allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Department for work and pensions
Claimants of employment and support allowance aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Claimants of incapacity benefit aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Claimants of severe disablement allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Claimants of carer’s allowance, aged 18 to 59/64 (women/men)
Changes since 2010
Number of LSOAs in each decile
New indicator: claimants of carer’s allowance
Removed indicators: new deal claimants
33
30
Method
27
Numerator: The non-overlapping counts for each
indicator for four time points, May, August, November
and February, were averaged.
Denominator: Total working age population (18 to 59
for women and 64 for men) minus the prison
population mid-2012 and mid-2013 were averaged
22
19
13
11
9
8
1
1
2
Most deprived
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Least deprived
Employment deprivation (22.5%)
Brent’s national rank
105
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)
Children and young people sub-domain
Indicators
Detail
Source
Key stage 2 attainment:
average points score
Numerator: total score of pupils taking English and maths
in 2010/11 and 2011/12 and reading, writing and maths in
2012/13
Denominator: total number of subjects taken by pupils for
the same years as the numerator
Department for education
from the National pupil
database
Key stage 4 attainment:
average points score
Numerator: total capped score of pupils taking key stage 4
in 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13
Denominator: total number of pupils who took key stage 4
exams for the same year as the numerator
0.232
Secondary school
absence
Proportion of authorised and unauthorised absences of
pupils in state funded schools
Numerator: number of half days missed
Denominator: total possible number of half day sessions
0.224
Staying on in education
post 16
Proportion of young people not staying on in school or nonadvanced education above 16, based on receipt of childbenefit
Numerator: number of people aged 17 receiving child
benefit 2010 to 2012
Denominator: number of people aged 15 receiving child
benefit 2008 to 2010
HM Revenue and
customs
0.130
Entry to higher education
Number of people under 21 not entering higher education
Numerator: number of successful entrants under 21 to
higher education for 2009 to 2012
Denominator: population aged 14 to 17 for the four years
2009 to 2012 less the prison population
Higher education
statistics agency
0.204
Changes since 2010
Removed indicators: key stage 3 attainment indicator
Indicator weight
0.210
Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)
Adult sub-domain
Indicator
Details
Source
Adults with no or low qualifications, aged 25
to 59/64 (women/men)
Proportion of working age adults (women aged 25 to 59 and
men aged 25 to 64) with no or low qualifications
2011 Census
English language proficiency, aged 25 to
59/64 (women/men)
Proportion of the working age population (women aged 25 to 59
and men aged 25 to 64) who cannot speak English well or at all
Sub-domain method
Numerator: A non-overlapping count for the two indicators were
determined by the ONS from 2011 Census data.
Denominator: Number of working age adults (women aged 25
to 59 and men aged 25 to 64) from the 2011 Census
Number of LSOAs in each decile
41
Changes since 2010
New indicator: English language proficiency
Modified indicator: Adult skills indicator – the upper age
band was changed from 54 to 59 for women and 64 for men.
26
22
20
21
17
16
Domain method
The two sub-domains were combined with equal weight
6
1
2
Most deprived
4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Least deprived
Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)
Subdomains maps
These maps show the subdomains for education, skills and training deprivation. The combined domain map is on the next
slide.
Children and young people (50%)
Adult skills (50%)
Education, skills and training deprivation (13.5%)
Brent’s national rank
179
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Health deprivation and disability 1 (13.5%)
Indicator
Detail
Source
Indicator weight
Years of
potential life lost
Years of potential life lost, death before the age of 75
Denominator: 2008 to 2012 mid-year population estimates minus the
prison population
The level of unexpected mortality weighted by the age of the person
who has died – i.e. a younger person dying has a greater impact
The indicator was age and sex standardised.
ONS
0.244
Comparative
illness and
disability ratio
Indicator of work limiting conditions based on those receiving benefits
due to inability to work through ill health.
Numerator: 2013 disability living allowance, employment and support
allowance, attendance allowance, disability premium of income
support, incapacity benefit, sever disablement allowance recipients
(can only receive one of these at a time)
Denominator: 2013 mid-year population estimates minus the prison
population.
The indicator was age and sex standardised.
Department of
work and
pensions
0.287
Acute morbidity
Level of emergency admissions to hospital
Numerator: Number of hospital spells that started with an emergency
admission and lasted more than one calendar day, 2011/12 to
2012/13
Denominator: 2011 and 2012 mid-year population estimates (minus
the prison population)
The indicator was age and sex standardised.
Health and social
care information
centre (HSCIC),
from hospital
episode statistics
(HES)
0.254
Health deprivation and disability 2 (13.5%)
Indicator
Detail
Source
Indicator weight
Mood and
anxiety
disorders
Modelled estimate based on four sources:
• Prescribing data – number of patients for which particular drugs
were prescribed by GP practice
• Hospital episode data – proportion of people suffering at least one
sever mental health inpatient spell during the years 2012 and 2013
• Suicide mortality data – Deaths between 2008 and 2012 with
international classification of diseases 10 (ICD10) codes
recognising death as suicide
• Health benefits data – Rate of long term disability or sickness in
an area, including for mental health reasons, measured using
receipt of benefits: incapacity benefit, severe disablement
allowance, employment and support allowance where condition is
coded for mental ill health.
Weight of indicators:
HSCIC Prescribing data
Hospital episode
data
Department of
work and
pensions
0.216
Number of LSOAs in each decile
Prescribing data
0.224
Hospital episode data
0.419
Suicide mortality data
0.086
Health benefits data
0.270
33
35
36
21
20
15
Changes since 2010
10
No changes made
1
2
1
2
Most deprived
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Least deprived
Health deprivation and disability (13.5%)
174
Brent’s national rank
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Crime (9.3%)
Indicator
Detail
Source
Indicator weight
Recorded crime rates for:
Recorded crime data for 2013/14
• Violence
Rate of violence per 1,000 at risk population
Association of chief police
officers and the home
office
0.324
• Burglary
Rate of burglary per 1,000 at risk properties
0.189
• Theft
Rate of theft per 1,000 at risk population
Rate of criminal damage per 1,000 at risk
population
0.222
• Criminal damage
0.265
Changes since 2010
No changes made
Number of LSOAs in each decile
49
37
32
31
13
5
5
1
1
2
Most deprived
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Least deprived
Crime (9.3%)
Brent’s national rank
17
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)
Indicator
Detail
Source
Geographical barriers sub-domain
Road distance to:
• Post office
• Primary school
• General store/
supermarket
• GP surgery
A measure of the mean distance to the closest listed amenities,
using postcode location for primary schools and GP surgeries
and grid references for post offices and food shops.
Ordnance survey
Department for educations
Ordnance survey
Health and social care information
centre
Household overcrowding
Proportion of all households classed as overcrowded using the
occupation rating based on rooms
2011 Census
Homelessness
Rate
Numerator: number of acceptances for housing assistance
under the homelessness provisions of housing legislation
average of 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14
Denominator: Local authority district count of households from
the 2011 Census
Department for communities and local
government
Housing affordability
Modelled estimate based on house prices and rents where the
head of the household is under 40.
A measure of the inability to afford to enter owner occupation or
the private rental market, where whether people can afford to
rent in the market without assistance from housing benefit is
assessed.
Family resources survey for household
incomes and composition
Regulated mortgage survey
Land registry for house prices
Valuation office agency for market rents
Annual population survey
Annual survey of hours and earnings
Wider barriers sub-domain
Method
Indicators were standardised by ranking and normalising and then combined using equal weights
Changes since 2010
Modified indicators: Housing affordability – broadening the measure to include affordability of the private
rental market and raising the head of household age looked at from 35 to 40
Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)
Number of LSOAs in each decile
86
63
17
7
1
2
Most deprived
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Least deprived
Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)
Subdomains maps
These maps show the subdomains for barriers to housing and services. The combined domain map is on the next slide.
Geographical barriers sub-domain (50%)
Wider barriers sub-domain (50%)
Barriers to housing and services (9.3%)
Brent’s national rank
3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Living environment domain (9.3%)
Living environment
(9.3%)
Detail
Source
Indoors sub-domain
Indicator weight
0.666
Houses in poor
condition
Modelled estimate of the proportion of social and private
homes that fail to meet the decent homes standard
2011 English housing
survey
Houses without central
heating
Proportion of houses that do not have central heating in
any room
2011 Census
Outdoors sub-domain
0.333
Air quality
Estimate of the concentration of the four pollutants
nitrogen dioxide, benzene, sulphur dioxide and
particulates. The atmospheric concentration was
compared to a national standard value for each pollutant
form 2012 air quality data
UK air information
resource
Road traffic accidents
Numerator: number of reported accidents that involve
death or personal injury to a pedestrian or cyclist
averaged across three years, 2011 to 2013
Denominator: non-resident workplace population and
the average of the mid-year population estimates for
2011 to 2013
Severity was weighted: 1 for slight; 2 for serious and 3
for fatal.
Department of transport
Method
Indicators for each of the sub-domains were standardised by ranking and normalising and then combined using equal weights
The domain was created by summing the two sub-domains, weighted (indoor sub-domain 2/3 and the outdoor sub-domain 1/3).
Changes since 2010
Modified indicators: Housing affordability – broadening the measure to include affordability of the private
rental market and raising the head of household age looked at from 35 to 40
Living environment domain (9.3%)
Number of LSOAs in each decile
41
34
32
32
17
13
4
1
2
Most deprived
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Least deprived
Living environment domain (9.3%)
Subdomains maps
These maps show the subdomains for living environment domain. The combined domain map is on the next slide.
Indoor sub-domain (67%)
Outdoor sub-domain (33%)
Living environment domain (9.3%)
Brent’s national rank
43
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Income deprivation
affecting children
and
Income deprivation
affecting older people
Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI)
Number of LSOAs in each decile
36
36
31
21
19
15
11
3
1
2
Most deprived
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
9
10
Least deprived
Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI)
Brent’s national rank
27
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI)
Number of LSOAs in each decile
49
42
34
24
13
8
3
1
2
Most deprived
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Least deprived
Income deprivation affecting older people index (IDAOPI)
Brent’s national rank
14
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
326
Comparison:
2010 to 2015
Index of multiple deprivation
2010
46
2015
Number of LSOAs in each decile
47
41
31
24
29
23
22
21
20
14
12
8
4
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
National rank: 24th
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
National rank: 39th
8
1
9
10
Income deprivation affecting children index
2010
2015
Number of LSOAs in each decile
36
36
49
39
31
43
21
19
24
15
11
11
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
3
2
7
National rank: 9th
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
National rank: 27th
8
1
9
10
Income deprivation affecting older people index
2010
2015
Number of LSOAs in each decile
49
52
49
42
34
30
26
24
13
11
1
2
3
4
5
8
3
3
6
7
National rank: 13th
3
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
National rank: 14th
8
9
10
Technical notes
Brent’s national rank
Deprivation is measured at LSOA level. The LSOAs are then ranked nationally.
Each local authority has its average rank calculated from the ranked LSOAs. These are then ranked.
Brent’s national rank is the rank of average ranks.
Indicator weight
Instead of combining everything equally, some indicators are given a greater emphasis so make up more of the domain. E.g. if
there were four indicators, and they were distributed evenly, each indicator would make up 0.25 of the domain.
Lower super output areas
In 2010 Brent had 174 LSOAs. In 2011 there were a number of changes and Brent now has 173 LSOAs.
Numerator
This is usually the total number of people in the category being measured. This number is then divided by the denominator to
provide a rate, often expressed as a percentage.
Denominator
This is the total number of people in the population. The population can change, for example, the total working age population is all
women aged between 18 and 59 + all men aged between 18 and 64. This number is then used with the numerator to calculate a
rate, often expressed as a percentage.
Useful links
English indices of deprivation 2015 site
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015
Interactive map (internal only)
http://vslgis02.brent.gov.uk/map/map.html?map=Maps/Deprivation