dScribe workshop
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
© Regents of the University of Michigan, 2010
Last updated 10 October 2010
Goals of the workshop
By the end of this workshop, participants should be able to:
• Introduce participants to the global open courseware
(OCW)/open educational resources (OER) movement.
• Define and provide a rationale for OER
• Understand the basics of copyright law and the Creative
Commons licensing scheme
• Explain the dScribe process
• Provide a basic overview of important OER policy areas,
including copyright, privacy, and endorsement.
• Identify, classify and clear third-party content contained
within educational materials
• Search for and locate OER for a given topic
Pre-Assessment
https://open.umich.edu/wiki/images/b/be/DScribe_
Workshop_Pre-assessment.ppt
What is OER?
See Greg’s “The Road to Open Educational Resources” talk
(ODP, PPT).
What is dScribe?
dScribe, which stands for "digital and distributed scribes," builds on
the idea that by distributing tasks across a variety of interested people
and using digital tools and resources we can potentially lower the cost,
time, and overall effort required to create OER.
The dScribe model supports a participatory approach to teaching and
learning where students are not simply seen as passive recipients of
knowledge, faculty as the purveyors of it, and staff as intermediaries
between the parties. Instead, dScribe supports a pedagogical approach
that leverages the talents and expertise of a variety of individuals to
engage in new and innovative forms of collaboration and resource
creation.
Why dScribe?
•Institutional Goals:
• scalable
• sustainable
• participatory
Why be a dScribe?
•Individual Goals
• Build skills and knowledge around open access, OER,
copyright, and copyleft
• Collaborate w/ other dedicated classmates, staff, and faculty
• Make resources more widely available (classmates, alumni,
underserved)
• Review topic/course content
dScribe History U-M
Tvol, Flickr
(dScribe meeting, Winter 2008)
openmichigan, Flickr
(CGIU – Winter 2009)
openmichigan, Flickr
(dScribe meeting, Winter 2009)
openmichigan, Flickr
(Copyright Jeopardy, Winter 2009)
dScribes outside of U-M
openmichigan, Flickr
(KNUST, Ghana)
openmichigan, Flickr
(UCT, South Africa)
openmichigan, Flickr
(UCT, South Africa)
Getting started:
dScribe Task List
https://open.umich.edu/wiki/DScribe_media
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Introduction
Training
Organize Materials
License Your Materials
Assess and Clear
Edit Materials
Audit Materials
Publish Materials
1, 2 can be done simultaneously
3, 4, can be done simultaneously
5, 6 should be done together
7, 8 are done by Open.Michigan
1. Introduction
Covered by Greg’s “The Road to Open Educational
Resources” talk.
Main takeaway:
Share your work and select a Creative Commons license:
Open.Michigan permission form (PDF, Online)
2. Training
•(present moment)
•Presentation: ~1 ½ - 2 hours
•Hands-on Time: ½ - 1 hour
2. Training
•Copyright Basics
•What is it?
•Origin?
•Purpose?
•Eligibility for copyright
• No “sweat of the brow”
• Section 102b
•How do you copyright a work?
Public Domain
Expired
U.S. Federal Government works
Self-Dedicated
Creative Commons
Fair Use (Section 107)
Advanced (cover if interest)
Derivative works
© notice?
Collections
Registration?
Noncommercial use
•What rights come with copyright?
•Duration?
Original vs. Present
•Who owns copyright?
• Default (Work for hire)
• Contractors
• At your institution?
Other types of intellectual property
First Sale Doctrine
Statutory Damages
Copyfraud
Orphan works
C
Differences by countries
Want to know more about
copyright? Ask our resident
copyright specialists.
Copyright
Patent
Trademark
Protects expression not
ideas
Protects ideas that have
been reduced to practice
2. Training
Protects goodwill
associated with mark
Life of author + 70 years
20 years from filing
10 year increments
Fair Use
No Fair Use
No Research Exemption
Fair use
Works for hire
Employee inventor owns
Owned by person that
uses in commerce
Protects against copying
Innocent infringement not
a defense
Protects against confusion
and dilution
Protection is automatic
(registration is relatively
simple)
Extensive examination
process before any rights
granted
Automatic for distinctive
marks (might need sec.
meaning) (some
examination)
Originality (low bars)
Novelty and Nonobvious
(high bars)
Distinctiveness
Bryce Pilz, SI 519/PubPol 688 Lecture, Fall 2008, Week 7
2. Training
We’re going to cover a lot in
the workshop. If you need a
refresher later, use our wiki:
open.umich.edu/wiki
3. Organize Materials
During this step, the dScribe gathers all of the materials
from a course/module intended for OER publication. This
material may be transferred through a learning management
system or removable media such as a USB drive. The
material should be its native, editable format (e.g. .doc,
.ppt rather than .pdf) so that the dScribe may edit it as
needed.
4. License Your Materials
The most important step in creating open content is letting
others know how you want them to use it. The easiest way
to do this is to select a Creative Commons license for the
material you’ve created.
All co-authors should select a license, preferably the same
one.
5. Assess and Clear
6. Edit Materials
If you’re not using OERca, it saves time if you do steps 5 & 6
together. It helps to have two windows open on your
computer – one with the learning material and another with
the tool you’re using to record step 5.
If you use OERca, it automatically does *part* of the editing
process for you with Power Point files.
5. Assess and Clear
Once the dScribes have gathered the material, they must
analyze the content to determine if there are any objects that
merit concern in regard to :
• Copyright
• Privacy
• Endorsement
5. Assess and Clear
5. Assess and Clear
Learning materials include lecture slides and other multimedia
presentations, posters, handouts, readings, quizzes, class notes,
and a host of other associated educational material used for
instruction and learning.
A content object refers to individual media items like photos,
illustrations, recordings, text, equations, screenshots, and other
such media that appear within learning materials.
Every content object has corresponding context, i.e. a single
page or slide in a learning material, may contain one or more
‘content objects’ and surrounding text. Within OERca, this is
called a ‘context image.’
5. Assess and Clear
This is the heart of the dScribe process. During this step,
the dScribe recommends an action for each content
object. There are four possible actions to recommend for
each object:
•
•
•
•
Retain
Replace
Remove and Annotate
Seek Permission
These actions should be recorded in some manner (e.g.
spreadsheet/form, OERca) for legal purposes as show
your due diligence in your OER publication process.
5. Assess and Clear
The dScribe may choose to retain an object for one of three
reasons…
5. Assess and Clear
Retain: Public Domain
Recommend this action when it is clearly indicated or
known that the content object is in the public domain. For
example, a book published in the U.S. before 1923, such
as Gray's Anatomy, is the public domain.
Relevant citation tags
5. Assess and Clear
Retain: Public
Domain
U.S. federal
government
documents are
in the public
domain.
5. Assess and Clear
Retain: Permission
Recommend this action when you have been given
expressed permission to use the object. This action is
appropriate when the object is licensed under Creative
Commons, the object was created by the instructor, or
the the object was created by someone else who gave
special permission for it to be used.
Relevant citation tags
5. Assess and Clear
Retain: Copyright Analysis
Public Domain b/c Ineligible for © OR Fair Use Determination
Recommend this action when you come across an object for
copyright status or permission is unknown, but you have
reason to believe that it is legally acceptable to use it anyway.
For example, if the object is something that is ineligible for
copyright, e.g. a table of facts is not protected by copyright in
the U.S., or it is a short excerpt of a much larger copyrighted
work, then you would select this action.
Since the category of what's eligible for copyright, particularly in
regard to data and scientific images differs across countries,
OER producers should refrain from doing this sort of copyright
analysis unless that have a deep understanding of copyright
law in their country and/or are able to consult copyright
attorneys trained in their jurisdiction.
Relevant citation tags
What action would you recommend
for this object & why?
Retain: Copyright Analysis
Public Domain b/c Ineligible
for Copyright
This is a basic graph. Data
is not copyrightable. This
is a basic representation
of data containing no
creative expression. If
you and I both had this
data, we could generate
the same graph easily.
5. Assess and Clear
The dScribe may choose to replace an object when it is
clearly indicated that the object is copyrighted or it is
unknown but likely that the object is copyrighted.
5. Assess and Clear
Replace: Search
Recommend this action when it is easy search for Creative
Commons (CC) or public domain replacements. Ones
open search engines that Open.Michigan staff uses
regularly is CC Search
http://search.creativecommons.org/, which searches CClicensed media on Wikimedia Commons (the media from
Wikipedia), Flickr, and Google Images.
For more options see
https://open.umich.edu/wiki/Open_Content_Search
5. Assess and Clear
Replace: Create
Recommend this action when the dScribe has enough skill
to create another content object with a different
expression but the same meaning as the original object.
5. Assess and Clear
Remove & Annotate
Recommend this action when a content object is too difficult
to replace or it is unnecessary. If the object is useful, then
the dScribe adds an annotation which will lead the
learner back to the copyrighted original, either by URL or
bibliographic citation for print material.
5. Assess and Clear
Permission
This option is very rarely used. The dScribe may try to seek
permission (where none has already been granted)
where the copyright holder is clearly identified. This is
option should only be selected when the copyright owner
is available (e.g. within your own institution). If you seek
permission from publishers or authors elsewhere, you'll
likely be waiting for months for a response. It's most often
better to replace or remove an object than select this
action.
5. Assess and Clear
If dScribes need help in
choosing whether to retain,
replace, or remove, they can
access the workflow
questionnaire in OERca by
clicking the link "Help me
recommend an action" above
the Recommend an Action drop
down menu.
In order to assist dScribes is
recommending the appropriate
action, the U-M OER team has
developed a workflow
questionnaire and a casebook.
N.B. These resources were
developed for U.S. law.
6. Edit Materials
All Open.Michigan materials should have a
disclaimer slide and proper citations
This slide is inserted as the first
slide/page of all published
materials.
Author(s): John Doe, MD; Jane Doe, PhD, 2009
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your
ability to use, share, and adapt it. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you
may share and adapt this material.
Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact open.michigan@umich.edu with any
questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content.
For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/education/about/terms-of-use.
Any medical information in this material is intended to inform and educate and is not a tool for self-diagnosis
or a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional. Please
speak to your physician if you have questions about your medical condition.
Viewer discretion is advised: Some medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers.
Citation Key
for more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy
Use + Share + Adapt
{ Content the copyright holder, author, or law permits you to use, share and adapt. }
Public Domain – Government: Works that are produced by the U.S. Government. (USC 17 § 105)
Public Domain – Expired: Works that are no longer protected due to an expired copyright term.
Public Domain – Self Dedicated: Works that a copyright holder has dedicated to the public domain.
Creative Commons – Zero Waiver
This slide is inserted as the second
slide/page of all published materials.
Creative Commons – Attribution License
This shows our analysis of the content
Creative Commons – Attribution Share Alike License
objects in the material. Knowing this
may assist downstream users
Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial License
(especially those in other countries) in
Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike License how they can and cannot use a
particular object within the resource.
GNU – Free Documentation License
Make Your Own Assessment
{ Content Open.Michigan believes can be used, shared, and adapted because it is ineligible for copyright. }
Public Domain – Ineligible: Works that are ineligible for copyright protection in the U.S. (USC 17 § 102(b)) *laws in
your jurisdiction may differ
{ Content Open.Michigan has used under a Fair Use determination. }
Fair Use: Use of works that is determined to be Fair consistent with the U.S. Copyright Act. (USC 17 § 107) *laws in your
jurisdiction may differ
Our determination DOES NOT mean that all uses of this 3rd-party content are Fair Uses and we DO NOT guarantee that
your use of the content is Fair.
To use this content you should do your own independent analysis to determine whether or not your use will be Fair.
6. Edit Materials
To cite a CC Licensed object in your edited
materials, you use the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Author
Source
License Abbreviation (e.g. CC BY)
License URL
Example
Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./Garland Publishing,
Inc. 1997
“Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control
Some commentary
about how spinach,
an outline of a male,
and this cover of Life
Magazine from 1938
is related in the
context of this
(Same format for CC Zero tag as the PD-SELF tag)
course.
rejon http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221
Life Magazine. January 17, 1938
Example
If you’re going to claim fair use for an object, it’s advised that there be some
context for the object on the slide, such as the text in the middle of this slide.
Example
Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888
Example
Jot Powers, Wikimedia Commons
(Same format for the other CC licenses and the GFDL.)
Image of kid next to
monster truck
removed
Example of
copyrighted image
for which we don’t
have permission and
cannot claim fair use
Works Cited
for more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy
Example.
It’s best practice to cite your sources both next to object and at
the end of the presentation, though either is acceptable.
Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology
Ltd./Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997
Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon,
http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221
Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888
Slide 6: Jot Powers, Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG,
CC: BY-SA 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
The convention:
Licensed Content:
<Author>, <URL of the resource>. <Name of License>, <URL Of Open Content
License>
Example: John Doe, http://domain.com/path/to/resource.html, CC:BY-SA 3.0,
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Public Domain:
Source: <Name> <publication/website, if available> (<date of birth> - <date of
death>)
Source Undetermined
7. Audit Materials
8. Publish Materials
Once the OER is edited, the dScribe hands it over to the
Open.Michigan team who reviews it for correct
recommended actions and proper licensing and citation.
Then the team contacts the content creator for the final
review of their materials.
Once the creator approves of the finished product, the team
publishes and distributes the resource(s).
8. Publish Materials
https://open.umich.edu/education
8. Publish Materials
OERca demo
https://open.umich.edu/wiki/OERca
open.michigan@umich.edu
http://open.umich.edu/dScribe
Contributing Authors
(part of the Open.Michigan Team)
Garin Fons
Greg Grossmeier
Pieter Kleymeer
Kathleen Ludewig Omollo
Characters made
by Ryan Junell