PRIME TIME
SIT IN “BATTLE GROUPS”
START READING SILENTLY
Be ready with:
A Positive Mindset
Pen or Sharpened Pencil
1
THURS, JANUARY 14 TH, 2016
IMPORTANT
Writing Workshop #3
Due Today!
EARLY HUMAN CHART
LEARNING TARGETS
I can determine what is significant
in text (significance)
I can sequence events, and
recognize aspects of continuities
and changes in the past (continuity
and change)
I can explain the anthropological
origins of humans
Building from our work during
the Early Human Sort activity, it
is YOUR TURN to gather about
each early human to show
sequence and change
Criteria
2-3 important facts per
category
Writing is clear and legible
Information is complete
I can use Social Studies inquiry
processes and skills to gather,
interpret, and analyze ideas; and
communicate findings and decisions
3
THURS, JANUARY 14 TH, 2016
IMPORTANT
Writing Workshop #3
Due Today!
EARLY HUMAN CHART
LEARNING TARGETS
I can determine what is significant
in text (significance)
I can sequence events, and
recognize aspects of continuities
and changes in the past (continuity
and change)
I can explain the anthropological
origins of humans
Building from our work during
the Early Human Sort activity, it
is YOUR TURN to gather about
each early human to show
sequence and change
Criteria
2-3 important facts per
category
Writing is clear and legible
Information is complete
I can use Social Studies inquiry
processes and skills to gather,
interpret, and analyze ideas; and
communicate findings and decisions
5
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Who are our early ancestors?
How did farming start?
How did cities/towns begin?
6
LOOK AROUND YOU!
How did the world you see come to be the way it is?
7
WHY ARE YOU WATCHING THIS POWERPOINT
INSTEAD OF WAITING OUTSIDE A GOPHER’S HOLE,
WITH A SPIKED CLUB IN YOUR HANDS?
8
THE REASON WE ARE….
Lies far in the past when early humans
began creating tools to help them make
useful and beautiful objects
9
PEOPLE BEGAN FARMING INSTEAD OF SPENDING
DAYS SEARCHING FOR FOOD
10
THEY LEFT THEIR CAVES FOR THE COMFORT OF
HOUSES BUILT FROM REEDS, PEAT, LEATHER, WOOD
AND STONE
11
THEY BUILT WALLS AROUND THEIR SETTLEMENTS AND
BEGAN TO LIVE PEACEFULLY IN SETTLED COMMUNITIES
12
STEPS TO CIVILIZATION
Cities
Farming
Early
Beginnings
Hunting &
Gathering
Can you remember these
steps?
STEPS TO CIVILIZATION
____________________________________
A __________________________________
B__________________________________
____________________________________
A __________________________________
B__________________________________
NAME
____________________________________
A __________________________________
B__________________________________
DATE
____________________________________
A __________________________________
B__________________________________
14
EARLY BEGINNINGS
• Evidence of Early Humans
• Development of Humans
HUNTING & GATHERING
• Early Hunters
• Cro-Magnon Hunters
FARMING: A GIANT STEP
• How Farming Got Started
• Testing Hypothesis About Farming
• Evidence of Farming More than 7,000 Years Ago
CITIES: ANOTHER GIANT STEP
• Ancient Cities of the World
• Seeing Patterns to Development of Different Early Civilizations
15
TOOLS WERE IMPORTANT
ERAS
EARLY
BEGINNINGS
Placemat Activity
TOOLS TEACH US
6 EARLY HUMANS
16
These early changes were the first steps towards civilization and the first steps
towards the life we know
17
IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL EXAMINE:
important changes in lives of early humans
changes that affected lives of all people who followed them, including you!
18
EVOLUTION REVOLUTION
DMANISI ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN COUNTRY OF GEORGIA.
LEARNING 360
Understand how study of human evolution developed through Leakey's
work in Africa and at sites' primitive fossil skeletons provide evidence
that man evolved from apes archaeologists discuss what early
humans once looked like.
19
EARLY BEGINNINGS
Archaeologists found evidence showing at least 6 different species of
humans having walked the earth
These include first modern humans, the early Homo sapiens sapiens
Evidence of Early Humans mapped on pg.44 Ancient Worlds text
20
TRY THIS MAPPING ACTIVITY
Pg.44 AW - find title, legend, scale of map
What information does each of these items give you?
Describe where remains of of ancient humans were located in relation to major
rivers. What pattern do you notice?
21
THINK FOR YOURSELF P.45
Imagine yourself shipwrecked on a deserted island. Your mission is to
survive on your wits alone. Your first task is to find food and water.
You gather shellfish from the beach and find a stream. What now?
Group Activity
22
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANS
Earth like deserted island for early humans
Offered materials of nature, nothing else
People survived finding ways to use materials to meet needs for food,
shelter clothing
23
TOOLS WERE IMPORTANT
Made axes, knives, scrapers and spearheads using hard stone to chip
pieces from another stone
Various groups of humans created different tools depending on
environment
24
TOOLS TEACH US:
• What each group’s life was like
How ancient peoples hunted
What they hunted (large or small prey)
25
TOOLS TEACH US:
How they cooked their food
If they stored their food
26
Lives changed drastically as they learned to make new tools
27
ERAS
Scientists divided time early humans lived into three eras (periods of time)
Eras were based on the materials in tools
Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
28
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR
6 GROUPS OF EARLY HUMANS
According to Theory of Evolution each species of humans
developed into the next group
Some groups lived on Earth at the same time
Scientists do not all agree on names / dates for each
group
Support differences by analyzing fossil remains
Notice how each species used technology to help them
survive in their environment
29
EARLY HUMANS
1.
Australopithecus
2.
Homo habilis (handyman)
3.
Homo erectus (upright man)
4.
Homo sapiens (Neanderthal)
5.
Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)
6.
Homo sapiens sapiens (modern human)
STOP. REFLECT. TEAM SCAVENGER HUNT FOR
INTERESTING “DID YOU KNOW…..? FACTS”
30
I AM AN EXPERT ABOUT…
Australopithecus
 Team: Ava, Damien, Ella
Homo habilis (handyman)
 Team: Brielle, Emily, Gabi, Sarah
Homo erectus (upright man)
 Team: Reece, Nikki, Jordan A, Josie
Homo sapiens (Neanderthal)
 Team: Peter, Ainsley, Chris, Connor
Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)
 Team: Shaohua, Malaki, Syd, Eparama
Homo sapiens sapiens (modern human)
 Team: Max, Jordan S, Sophie, Storm
31
TRY THIS TIMELINE ACTIVITY
Using criteria on Steps to Civilization Handout AW
pages 47-49, construct a timeline in chart format
Your chart may be produced with a computer or by
hand on 11 X 17 paper
Your goal is to show changes that took place from
Australopithecus to Homo sapiens sapiens. List the
changes on your time line
Use the Mr. Donn site for information too!
Together, let’s review criteria for an excellent timeline
32
GO DEEPER WITH TECHNOLOGY
INTERACTIVE HUMAN TIMELINE
http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive
33
EARLY HUNTERS
In ancient times, people could not be certain of getting dinner if
they stayed in one place
People ate wild plants when they were in season
Wild animals were eaten when killed with tools of wood and stone.
Early hunters followed migrating herds of animals, or travelled to
places where they had found food in past years.
Hunting was a way of life for early humans. Evidence found at may
sites suggests that early humans (starting with Homo erectus) were
skillful hunters
34
PAUSE & DISCUSS
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the hunter-gatherer
lifestyles?
35
North American Aboriginal people stampeded herds of bison off cliffs such
as the one at Head-Smashed-in-Buffalo-Jump, Alberta.
36
Why do you think this hunting method encouraged people to live in communities?
37
CRO-MAGNON HUNTERS
Followed great herds of animals that once travelled across Europe
Some lived in caves
Others made tents out of skins of animals they caught
Could pack up tents easily and bring them as they followed herds of
animals
Tools were much more efficient than those of earlier people
38
CRO-MAGNON HUNTERS
Invented blade tools and made tools from bone to help make clothing and
shelters
used wood, bone, and plant fibres to make tools
Most of these materials rotted, leaving little or no evidence
Only stone tools survived
39
CRO-MAGNON HUNTERS
Invention of barbed harpoon important to growth of population
Hunting became more efficient as hunting tools improved
40
PUT YOURSELF INTO THE TIME AND PLACE OF
A HISTORICAL EVENT
Imagine you are one of a band of early humans who travel together in search
of food
Work in a group to develop a short skit about your discovery of fire.
See criteria on assignment card on next slide
41
ASSIGNMENT CARD
You eat roots, fruit, and berries whenver you find
them.
You eat raw meat because you do not kow about fire.
You break animal bones open so you can eat the
marrow.
Then one day you see fire for the first time.
How does the fire start? How does it change your life?
What can you do now that you could not do before?
42
FARMING: A GIANT STEP
most of time humans fed themselves gathering wild plants / hunting wild animals
by 5000 years ago, people had begun farming in almost every part of world
43
Farming marks time when people began to grow plants and raise animals
for food
Humans began training animals to be of use to them
44
Switch to farming marks a gigantic change in how people related to
the earth and their environment
Instead of simply finding and taking what nature provided, people
started to help nature along
As farmers, humans started to take control of the production of food
45
A SHIFT
Shift from food gathering to food producing meant people could now
be sure of getting enough to eat
Dependable source of food allowed people to settle in one place
As food became abundant, communities began to flourish
Farming was a giant step towards the development of civilization
46
HOW FARMING GOT STARTED
We can only speculate. We weren’t there.
Some Theories:
Spilled-Grain Hypothesis
Watching-the-Animals Hypothesis
Moov’en-and-Groov’en Hypothesis
47
SPILLED-GRAIN HYPOTHESIS
Neolithic women, noticed new grain plants grew when they accidentally spilled
grain seeds. They tried scattering seeds on purpose – it worked!
48
WATCHING-THE-ANIMALS HYPOTHESIS
Animals often find plants in places with water / good soil - Hunters
saw pattern
People stayed at sites, animals became tamer
People started weeding / irrigating so plants would grow better
Started saving seeds of better plants to plant
49
MOOV’EN-AND-GROOV’EN HYPOTHESIS
One season, nomads liked a site so much they stuck around
Stayed so long they harvested a crop and then saw it grow to harvest
stage again
Groups learned to grow a crop from seed to harvest and then move
on
50
REMEMBER
A hypothesis is a theory or opinion that has not been proven – a kind of
educated guess about what the evidence means
51
Activity:
ON YOUR OWN, EXPLAIN WHY YOU AGREE WITH ONE OF THE
HYPOTHESES DESCRIBED OR PROPOSE ONE OF YOUR OWN.
WRITE DOWN TWO FACTS OR REASONS TO JUSTIFY YOUR
HYPOTHESIS
Spilled-Grain Hypothesis
Watching-the-Animals Hypothesis
Moov’en-and-Groov’en Hypothesis
52
PAIR/SHARE ACTIVITY
“WHY FARMING BEGAN”
Using Ancient Worlds pages 56-57, meet with a partner to discuss how the
historian argued a hypothesis in the article “Why Farming Began”. Use the
questions in the article to guide your discussion. Take turns reading the
questions, and responding.
53
THINK FOR YOURSELF
State your own hypothesis about how farming started.
How is your hypothesis similar to and different from the one given in the article?
Do you think the historian did a good job of supporting a hypothesis? Explain.
54
CITIES: ANOTHER GIANT STEP
Looking at how cities developed is like seeing
civilization develop
development of farming brought people together in
communities
people stopped farming when farmlands produced
more food than was needed some
some people developed others skill; moved closer
together forming villages
sometimes these villages grew into towns, and then
cities
55
ANCIENT CITIES OF THE WORLD
In ancient times, cities homes of royalty and
officials who held power
Officials controlled surrounding land; decided
who could farm
Some cities grew around temple or place of
worship
Communities flourished because people could
make a living (e.g, shopkeepers, craftspeople,
artists, teachers, priests, and officials)
56
SCIENTISTS LOVE TO DISCOVER RUINS OF
ANCIENT CITIES
57
SCIENTISTS WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT HOW
ANCIENT PEOPLE LIVED AND MET
INDIVIDUAL/COMMON NEEDS
58
SEEING PATTERNS
Note the development (changes) of different early civilizations
Nomadic groups travelling

People formed settled, organized communities

Communities grew into cities

Met other groups through trade or warfare

Cities developed unique characteristics; solve problems in different ways
59
CHARTING CHANGE
Using picture series on pages 62-63, Ancient Worlds:
Make a 2-column chart. List stages (or changes) you see in column one.
In column two, speculate on how each change must have affected
people’s lives
60
PAIR/SHARE YOUR CHART
With a partner, discuss how the events described in the chart did or did not
contribute to a more civilized life for people
61
IN CONCLUSION
You have examined the big steps that led towards civilization.
You have seen that tools played a crucial role at every step.
62
Archaeologists found evidence showing at least 6 different species of humans
have walked the earth
63
Tools were important and teach us about daily life or early humans
64
Scientists divided time early humans lived into three eras (periods of time)
based on tools - Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age
65
Hunting was a way of life for early humans.
66
Farming marks time when people began to grow plants and raise animals for
food
67
Looking at how cities developed is like seeing civilization develop ; see a
pattern to the changes
68
IN YOUR OPINION
Which was the most important step in getting
civilization started:
 Invention of fire
 Tools for hunting
 The beginning of farming
 Technology for travel or
 The beginning of cities
Remember to support your opinion
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THE END
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