An –Najah National University
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department.
This project submitted for requirements of graduation project -2
Hot car baby detector
Prepared by :
Nema Abu Alkheer
Samah Amodi
Rima'a Shehada
Submitted to :
Dr . Jamal Kharrousheh
‫‪Dedication :‬‬
‫إلى الإمام المصطفي ‪ ......‬إلى سيد الخلق‪ ....‬إلى رسولنا الكريم سيدنا محمد (صلى هللا‬
‫عليه وسلم)‬
‫منارة العلم ‪...‬وينبوع الحكمة ‪....‬والنور لكل درب‬
‫إلى من استقيت منه دروس الحياة في أي لحظة من لحظات عمري‪ .............‬إلى من رووني‬
‫من ينابيع الفضيلة‪ ،‬وأخذوا بيدي إلى منهل المعرفة‪...‬وأظلوني بشجرة الإيمان‪...‬أهلي الأعزاء‬
‫أمي الرؤوم‪ ،‬التي بدفئها حضنتني‪ ،‬وبفيض حنانها غمرتني‪ ...‬وعلمتني أن الشمعة لا تحترق‬
‫لتذوب‪،‬‬
‫بل تذوب لتتوهج ‪...‬‬
‫إلى والدي‪ ،‬الذي استلهمت منه قيم الإنسانية‪ ،‬و كان مثالا ً يحتذى للمضي في الحياة‬
‫إلى شاطئي عندما أضيع‪ ،‬ومنبع الحنان عندما تقسو الأيام‪ ،‬وقلبي الكبير عندما أفقد كل‬
‫القلوب‪ ...‬الروح لجسدي‪ ،‬والماء لصحرائي‪ ...‬أخوتي وأخواتي‬
‫إلى من ضحوا بحريتهم من اجل حرية غيرهم‪ ........‬الأسرى والمعتقلين‬
‫إلى من هم أكرم منا مكانة‪ ........‬شهداء فلسطين‬
‫إلى من احتضنتني كل هذا الكم من السنين ‪ ...........‬فلسطين الحبيبة‬
‫إلى كل محبي العلم والمعرفة‪..................‬‬
‫إلى الأساتذة الأفاضل في كلية الهندسة ونتوجه بالشكر الجزيل إلى‬
‫الدكتور ( جمال خروشة )‬
‫الذي تكرم بإشرافه على هذا البحث فجزاه هللا عنا كل خير وله منا كل الاحترام والتقدير‬
‫‪Acknowledgment :‬‬
‫‪We have taken effort at this project . However , it would not have been‬‬
‫‪possible without the help and support of many persons .We would like to‬‬
‫‪extend my sincere thanks to all .‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
First , we would like to express our grateful to Allah , who gives us the
faith and patience all the time .Also , we would like to express our
gratitude towards our parents for their extra support and encouragement
since we were a child until now and they did everything that they can do
for us .
Second ,we would like to show our greatest appreciations to our
supervisor Dr. Jamal Kharrousheh. We can't say thank you only, it’s not
enough for his tremendous support and help . Without his encouragement
, this project would not have materialized .
Finally , we would like to express our love to who was beside us
along this year .Our appreciation also go to our colleagues and
people who had helped us with their abilities .
Abstract
The technology in this project developed where used several sensors to make sure
that have a child or pet inside a closed and high-car temperature as has been done to
bring these sensors and rebuilt it to do its job and give the best results to the fullest
and programmable microcontrollers (it has been chosen to be easy programming and
scalable to deal with all the inputs and outputs), where We learned programming
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language so that could to link the coming input from the sensors and give the output
required by the need to send short messages to the mobile phone of the mother
through the use of GSM modem which rely on Wi-Fi technology which gives a period
of time(from10 to 15 minute ) before the vehicle starts to give warning of the
surrounded so that they can carry out the rescue of a children or pet .Then if no help
the window will open a little to allow to oxygen to bath to the car and rescue the
child.
Table of contents :
DIDECATION ………………………………………………………………….……2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………..3
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….……..4
CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………...5
4
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………..…7
LIST OFFIGURES ………………………………………………………………...….8
CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION ..……………………….9
1.1 Statement of Purpose ……………………………………………….....9
1.2 Objectives……………………………………………………………...9
1.3 Related Work……………………………………………………….….9
1.4 Users……………………………………………………………….......10
1.5 Motivation………………………………………………………….......10
CHAPTER TWO :Standards And Constrains..................................11
2.1 Standards………………………………………………………………11
2.1.1 : GSM modem …………………………………………….11
2.2.2 Microcontroller (ATmega328P)……………………………11
2.2 Constraints …………………………………………………….……12
CHAPTER THREE :METHDOLOGY …………………………...13
3.1 Methodology of the system. ………………………………………………….13
3.2 The mechanism of the system ………………………………………………..13
3.3 methodology of our work ……………………………………………………..14
Chapter FOUR : DESIGN ………………………………....15
4.1 Block Descriptions ……………………………………………….15
4.4.1 Microcontroller …………………………………………15
4.4.2 Motion Sensor…………………………...............………16
4.4.3 Sound Detector………………………………………….16
4.4.4 Smoke Sensor …………………………….…..17
4.4.5 Temperature Sensor ……………………………………17
4.4.6 Alarm ………………………………………………………17
4.4.7 Power Supply ………………………………………………17
4.4.8 Servo motor …………………………………………………18
4.4.8: GSM MODEM ……………………………………….……18
CHAPTER FIVE : Cost and Schedule ………………….…………19
5.1 Cost Analysis…………………………………………..……19
5.2 Schedule ………………………………………………………….19
CHAPTER SIX : Requirements and Verification……………………..20
6.1 Requirement ………………………………………………………20
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6.1.1 Microcontroller ……………………………………………..20
6.1.2 Motion Sensor …………………………………………..…..20
6.1.3 Sound Detector ……………………………………………..20
6.1.4 Smoke Sensor …………………………………....................21
6.1.5 Temperature Sensor …………………………………….…..21
6.1.6 Alarm ………………………………………………………..21
6.1.7 Power Supply …………………………………………...…...21
6.1.8 Servo motor ……………………………………………….…22
6.1.9 GSM modem ………………………………………..…….…22
6.2 Verification…………………………………………………..23
6.1.1 Microcontroller ……………………………………………..23
6.1.2 Motion Sensor …………………………………………..…..23
6.1.3 Sound Detector ……………………………………………..23
6.1.4 Smoke Sensor …………………………………....................23
6.1.5 Temperature Sensor …………………………………….…..23
6.1.6 Alarm ………………………………………………………..23
6.1.7 Power Supply …………………………………………...…...23
6.1.8 Servo motor ……………………………………………….…23
6.1.9 GSM modem ………………………………………..…….…23
6.3 Tolerance …………………………………………………..23
CHPTER Seven : FUTAR WORK ………………………..….24
CHAPTER EAIGT : RESULT AND ANAYSIS ……………………….....25
CHAPTER NINE : DISCUTION …………………………………….……26
CHAPTER TEN : CONCLUISON AND RECOMMENDATION …....28
10.1 conclusion ……………………………………………………28
10.2 recommendation …………………………………….…….…28
References………………………………………………………..…….…29
Attachment A ………………………………………………………….30
Appendix B ……………………………………………………31
List of tables :
Table 5.2 cost of components …………………………………. 19
Table 5.3 Schedule tables ……………………………………... 19
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List of Figures :
Fig.3.1methdology of our work
Fig.4.1 design block diagram
Figure 4.2 Microcontroller
Figure 4.3 PIR Motion Sensor
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Figure 4.4 Sound Detector
Figure 4.5 Smoke Sensor (MQ_3)
Figure 4.6 Temperature Sensor
Figure 4.7 Alarm
Figure 4.8Power Supply
Figure 4.9Servo motor
Figure 4.10 GSM MODEM
Figure 6.2 : connection the motion sensor with arduino
Figure 6.3 : connection the sound sensor with arduino
Figure 6.4 : connection the smoke sensor with arduino
Fig ure6.5 : connection the temperature sensor with arduino
Figure 6.6 : connection the servo motor with arduino
Figure 8.1 the first form of the car
Figure 8.2 The final connection of all sensors with arduino
Figure 9.1 : Flowchart of the system
Chapter1:Introduction
1.1 Statement of Purpose
In recent years, there have been a number of incidents where babies are forgotten in a
car. During a hot summer day and in direct sunlight, a car’s interior temperature can
reach as high as 65.5° C. Within minutes, a car can become a hot furnace exposing the
child to life threatening conditions. For these reasons, we are designing a device that
warms nearby pertains if a child (or a pet) is trapped in a hot car.
1.2 Objectives
8
The goal of this project is to design a reliable device that can accurately detect a child
in a hot car. This device must be able to detect the presence of a child through their
motion and sound. In the case that the child is not moving or crying, the device will
detect the presence of a child by detecting their breath.
This way has many benefits, likes :
 Life saving: A loud alarm will alert anyone nearby
 Reliable:
o Device utilizes three human sensors, greatly increasing the detection rate
o Device alerts you of required battery replacement
 Low maintenance: the device only requires battery replacement
 Easy to install single package
1.3 RELATED WORK
The device will monitor the car using several sensors. The device will use a
temperature sensor, a motion sensor, a sound detector, and a carbon dioxide sensor.
The device will be in sleep mode if the temperature is below a certain threshold. If
that threshold is reached, the device will exit sleep mode and start monitoring its
surroundings. Then, if motion, sound, or a rise in carbon dioxide levels is detected,
the device send sms .And then wait for a period of 10 minutes, if the readings have
not changed (less temperature and the proportion of carbon dioxide) it starts to give
warning of the oceans around the car so that they rescued the child The following
diagram illustrates the steps to work this device. Since battery life is crucial, the
device will also alert the user when battery life is running low.
1.4 Users:
This device is used in a wide range of matters little where parents used when going on
picnics or shopping when the high temperature is to ensure the safety of the child. As
well as being used in thekindergarten bus to make sure that all students converged to
leave the bus and reduce choking incidents. so we thought about this project.
And obtaining safety department in the car also its share of these updates, but did not
provide any company until today any technology that helps to protect children and
pets from high temperatures have to stay inside the car. As recorded several cases of
deaths caused by forgetting the children in the car under high temperatures. While not
think the big companies in the solution to this problem we try to developed a
technique dedicated to this phrase
1.5 motivation :
this project began with the research of the proposed title . The result of that research
was then discussed with the supervisor . Once we had agreed with the supervisor on
the title , the background study of this project was reached .
when the project has progressed thus far , the process of designing the system could
be done . Components now could be chosen and the control elements programmed
using the desired software . The correct software is chosen to comply with control
elements.
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Chapter 2 : standards and constrains
2.1 standards
We have many standards like :
2.1.1 : GSM modem
IEEE 802.11g is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 specification that extended
throughput to up to 54 Mbit/s using the same 2.4 GHz band . This specification under
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the marketing name of Wi-Fi has been implemented all over the world.IEEE 802.11 is
the third modulation standard for wireless LANs. It works in the 2.4 GHz band
operates at a maximum raw data rate of 54 Mbit/s. The modulation scheme used in
802.11g is orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM).
2.2.2 Microcontroller (ATmega328P) :
The high – performance Atmel Pico power 8-bit reduced instruction set computing
(RISC) based micro controller combines 32KB ISP flash memory with read – whilewrite capabilities , 1024B EEPROM , 2KB SRAM,23 general purpose Input/ output
lines,23 general purpose working register , three flexible timer / counters with
compare modes , internal and external interrupts, a 6-channel 10bit Analog/Digital
converter , programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator , and five software
selectable power saving modes . The device operate between 1.8-5.5 volts . Simple –
to- use , low cost yet powerful programmer for the ATMEL 8051 family of micro
controller . It will Program , Read and Verify Code Data , Write Lock Bits , Erase and
Blank Check .
By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle , the device achieves
throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and
processing speed .
2.2 constraints
1.Car companies offer new updates on a daily basis, whether from internal or external
design techniques or motor capabilities hand.
And obtaining safety department in the car also its share of these updates, but did not
provide any company until today any technology that helps to protect children and
pets from high temperatures have to stay inside the car. As recorded several cases of
deaths caused by forgetting the children in the car under high temperatures. While not
think the big companies in the solution to this problem we try to developed a
technique dedicated to this phrase.
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This technique can be used everywhere and by everyone because many children suffer
from suffocation due to leave them in the car at high temperatures, which leads to
many of the problems that have up to death, that's why we thought of a new device
that holds the sensor to warn parents in the case of high temperature inside the car.
We therefore work project, which was its features:
1) ● Achieves long battery life by utilizing sleep modes
2) ● Ultrasonic motion sensing for accurate detection.
○ Unaffected by heat and external movements
3) ● Voice filtering to reduce false alarms
4) ● Accurate breathing detection by measuring carbon dioxide levels
5) ● Pushbutton to minimize false alarms
6) ● Low battery indicator
2.Get the right pieces :we faced a problem in the price of CO2 sensor , it's very expensive
so we have to replace it with a smoke sensor and we suppose that when the reading of a
smoke sensor increased the percentage of CO2 increased.
.
3. Programming language: when we try to connect the codes of all sensors together and
connected them to GSM modem we faced a large number of errors so we took a long time
to reach an appropriate code to operate the system correctly
Chapter three :Methodology
3.1 Methodology of the system.
the hot baby car detector system comprises of three main part:
1)In put(Motion Sensor, Sound Detector, Carbon Dioxide Sensor, Temperature
Sensor, Power Supply)
2) Processing (Arduino)
3) Output (SMS ,Alarm ,open the window)
3.2 The mechanism of the system:
Input: for project consisting of several sensors.These are ,temperature
sensor, a motion sensor, a sound detector, and a carbon dioxide sensor.
Processing : Theinput will be insleep mode if the temperature is below a certain
threshold. If that threshold is reached, thesensorswill exit sleep mode and start
monitoring its surroundings. Then, if motion, sound, or arise in carbon dioxide
levels is detected,.
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Output :send SMS message for parents' ,then output alarm will be triggered and
the widow will be opened .
3.3 methodology of our work:
In this semester We have to bring the rest of the
necessary pieces and we began to design the body
work of the car.
We continue the search for codes for each Sensor
We start to connect the sensors together one by one
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Then we connect all sensors to GSM modem
1. After we connected them , we check the output .
so ,we add Alarm and servo motor to open the
window .
Finally , we operated the system fully
Fig.3.1methdology
Chapter FOUR : DESIGN
14
Fig.4.1 design block diagram
4.1 Block Descriptions :
4.4.1 Microcontroller
The microcontroller will be the central processing unit of the device. It will read and
convert the analog inputs from the motion sensor, voice filter output, carbon dioxide
sensor, temperature sensor, and sleep switch. The microcontroller will read all inputs
and determine if the alarm should trigger. In addition, the microcontroller can switch
on and off the power of each sensor individually.
Figure 4.2 Microcontroller
4.4.2 PIR Motion Sensor
15
The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyroelectric device that detects motion by
measuring changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding objects. This motion
can be detected by checking for a high signal on a single I/O pin.
Figure 4.3PIR Motion Sensor
4.4.3 Sound Detector
The sound detector sensor will contain a small microphone capable of detecting
sounds in the audible range. This sensor will listen for the presence of a child or pet.
Figure 4.4 Sound Detector
4.4.4 Smoke Sensor(MQ-3)
Sensitive material of MQ-3 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in
clean air. When the target alcohol gas exist, The sensor’s conductivity is more higher
along with the gas concentration rising.
MQ-3 gas sensor has high sensitity to Alcohol, and has good resistance to disturb of
gasoline, smoke and vapor. The sensor could be used to detect alcohol with different
concentration, it is with low cost and suitable for different application.
Figure 4.5 Smoke Sensor
4.4.5 Temperature Sensor
16
The temperature sensor will be used to enable all other sensors and wake up the
microcontroller from low power mode. The temperature sensor will be connected to
the microcontroller.
Figure 4.6 Temperature Sensor
4.4.6Alarm
The alarm will be used to alert anyone near the car that a child might be in danger. It
will be triggered by the microcontroller and will emit a loud tone in the audible range.
Figure 4.7 Alarm
4.4.7 Power Supply
We will use battery as the power supply, in which it will supply DC voltage to the
circuit. Voltage regulators will be used to meet the voltage requirements of different
components.
Figure 4.8 Power Supply
4.4.8: Servo Motor
17
A servo motor is a combination of DC motor, position control system, gears. The
position of the shaft of the DC motor is adjusted by the control electronics in the
servo, based on the duty ratio of the PWM signal the SIGNAL pin.
Figure 4.9 Servo Motor
4.4.9: GSM MODEM
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and
operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the
mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.
When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the
GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems
are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can
also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.
Figure 4.10 GSM MODEM
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CHAPTER FIVE :Cost and Schedule
5.1 Cost Analysis
In order for our project to be considered a particular implementation, the cost should
not exceed a reasonable amount .
The following table shows the cost of the component that we used in our project :
Component of project
Microcontroller
Motion Sensor
Sound Detector
Smoke Sensor
Temperature Sensor
leds
Alarm
Power Supply
GSM modem
Wires
Total
Cost NIS
140
50
47
50
20
10
7
3
140-800
40
1000
Table 5.2 cost of components
5.2 Schedule :
Week
Tasks
23/8-27/8
30/8-3/9
6/9-10/9
13/9-1/10
4/10-15/10
Prepare a complete plan of work.
18/10-29/10
1/11-12/11
start to design a small module for the car and start to write the report.
after finishing the car design , we start to connect the final device
inside the car.
Check the final product and adjust any defect.
Finally finished the report .
Feedback for the project and prepare for the presentation.
Project delivery
15/11-19/11
22/11-26/11
29/11- 30/11
1/12
bring the rest of the necessary pieces.
Find how to connect these pieces and understand the principle of work
study GSM modem and start to program it.
start to connect the sensors together one by one , then connect all of them
to GSM modem and check the final program.
Table 5.3Schedule tables
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CHAPTER SIX : Requirements
6.1 : Requirements
6.1.1 Microcontroller
The microcontroller must have at least 11 I/O ports to interface with the sensors and
their respective power supplies. The microcontroller must feature a sleep mode. It
must also contain a port to wake the device up from low power mode. The
microcontroller should contain a built in ADC for the signals from each sensor. The
microcontroller must also control the frequency of the alarm’s beeping. This will be
use to distinguish from the different kinds of warnings for the alarm.
6.1.2 Motion Sensor
Since the ultrasonic motion sensor’s detection angle is relative narrow, it must be
pointing at the car seat where the child will most likely to be present. Also, the
ultrasonic sensor must be able to detect motions within 4 feet, enough to cover the
interior of the car.
Fig 6.2 : connection the PIR motion sensor with arduino
6.1.3 Sound Detector
Detect the surrounding sound then output analog value, adjustable Sensitivity with stable
performance and High Sensitivity, built-in amplifier circuit, gain can be adjusted.
Fig 6.3 : connection the sound sensor with arduino
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6.1.4 Smoke Sensor (MQ-3)
Structure and configuration of MQ-3 gas sensor, sensor composed by micro AL2O3
ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer, measuring electrode and heater are
fixed into a crust made by plastic and stainless steel net. The heater provides
necessary work conditions for work of sensitive components.
Fig 6.4 : connection the smoke sensor with arduino
6.1.5 Temperature Sensor
The temperature will provide an analog output voltage proportional to the ambient
temperature to the microcontroller for temperature readings. The sensor will also
wake up the microcontroller from sleep mode through a separate I/O port. The sensor
will tolerate an error of +/- 2° C.
Fig 6.5 : connection the temperature sensor with arduino
6.1.6 Alarm
The alarm will emit at least an 84 dB tone (measured from 1 foot away) when
triggered by the microcontroller.
6.1.7 Power Supply
Four AA batteries will be powering the device. With each battery having 1.4V, four
of them will add up to 6V. If necessary, voltage regulators will be used to convert the
voltages for different components.
6.1.8 :Servo Motor
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Servo motors have three wires: power, ground, and signal. The power wire is typically
red, and should be connected to the 5V pin on the Arduino board. The ground wire is
typically black or brown and should be connected to a ground pin on the Arduino
board. The signal pin is typically yellow, orange or white and should be connected to
a digital pin on the Arduino board. Note that servos draw considerable power, so if
you need to drive more than one or two, you'll probably need to power them from a
separate supply (i.e. not the +5V pin on your Arduino). Be sure to connect the
grounds of the Arduino and external power supply together.
Fig 6.6 : connection of the Servo Motor with arduino
6.1.9:GSM modem :
A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth
connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities.
For the purpose of this document, the term GSM modem is used as a generic term to
refer to any modem that supports one or more of the protocols in the GSM
evolutionary family, including the 2.4G technologies GPRS and EDGE, as well as the
3G technologies WCDMA, UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA.
A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as NowSMS to
send and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for
this message sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone.
To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an “extended AT command set”
for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in the ETSI GSM 07.04 and and
3GPP TS 27.004 specifications.
GSM modems can be a quick and efficient way to get started with SMS, because a
special subscription to an SMS service provider is not required. In most parts of the
world, GSM modems are a cost effective solution for receiving SMS messages,
because the sender is paying for the message delivery.
A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth
connection, such as the Falcom Samba 74. (Other manufacturers of dedicated GSM
modem devices include Wavecom, Multitech and iTegno. We’ve also reviewed a
number of modems on our technical support blog.) To begin, insert a GSM SIM card
into the modem and connect it to an available USB port on your computer.
A GSM modem could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the appropriate
cable and software driver to connect to a serial port or USB port on your computer.
Any phone that supports the “extended AT command set” for sending/receiving SMS
messages, as defined in ETSI GSM 07.04 and/or 3GPP TS 27.004, can be supported
by the Now SMS & MMS Gateway. Note that not all mobile phones support this
modem interface.
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6.2 Verification
6.2.1 Microcontroller
The microcontroller is at the heart of our design. The functionality between the sensors
and the microcontroller will be verified. Each sensor will be individually triggered, and
the alarm will be used to verify the functionality of the microcontroller. To verify sleep
mode, the temperature of the sensor will be lowered below the threshold and the
reduction input currents will be measured with an ammeter.
6.2.2 Motion Sensor
To verify the motion sensor is working properly, we can program the microcontroller to
lower the temperature threshold to room temperature and at the same time disable the
other two sensors (sound and carbon dioxide sensors). Within 5 feet, we then move in
front of the motion sensor to see if the alarm is triggered. We can also monitor the output
voltage of the motion sensor using an oscilloscope.
6.2.3 Sound Detector
A spectrum analyzer will be used to measure the output of the sound detector circuit. A
set of recorded sounds will be played into the microphone. Then, the spectrum analyzer
will be used to confirm the expected spikes within the passband of the sound detector
circuit.
6.2.4 Carbon Dioxide Sensor
Reading the datasheet should tell us the carbon dioxide detection rating of the sensor. To
verify it is working, we will have the temperature threshold lowers to room temperature,
with motion and sound sensor disabled, we put the baby detector device into a plastic bag
and start breathing in the plastic bag. Doing this will increase the carbon dioxide levels
and thus should trigger the alarm.
6.2.5 Temperature Sensor
Touching the surface of the temperature sensor will induce heat to the sensor. An
oscilloscope will be used to verify if the output of the temperature sensor increased.
6.2.6 Alarm
Trigger the alarm by any method. Then, measure the output volume using an external
microphone device (a smartphone with an appropriate app can do this) to make sure it can
output at least 85 dBA from 1 foot away.
6.2.7 Power Supply
Use a multimeter to measure the voltages powering each component.
6.3 Tolerance Analysis
The detection system relies on utilizing three sensors to detect the presence of a child.
The component expected to produce the largest number of false fails is the sound
detector. For this component we are aiming to have a maximum false positive rate of
10%. The sound detector alone will be specified to detect the presence of the child in 80%
of the cases. However, we aim for the device to use the feedback from all other sensors to
detect the presence of a child 100% of the time. To verify that the sound sensor meets the
maximum 10% false positive specification, the sound sensor will be enabled and all other
sensors will be disabled. A large number of preselected sounds such as ambulances,
motorcycle engines, and other expected noise will be played towards the microphone.
Then, the alarm trigger rate will be recorded. To verify that the sound sensor meets the
minimum 80% success rate specification, the sound sensor will be enabled and all other
sensors will be disabled. A large number of unique baby and child sounds will be played
towards the microphone and the number successes will be recorded.
Chapter Seven : FUTAR WORK
23
In this semester , the project was completed as planned ,but in the future
some development may be added:
1.Add oxygen sensor to see the time remaining for the life of the child
and rescue him.
2.Add push button to prevent the alarm in case it is not needed
3.connect the device directly with the Civil Defense to increase the
possibility to rescue the Children.
So ,It can convert this project with the development to product can be
sold in markets.
CHAPTER EAIGT : RESULT AND ANAYSIS
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In this chapter , the code for each sensor were prepared and checked then all of them
were connected with arduino by using a comprehensive code (show appendix B) ,
and the rest Pieces like leds and servo motor are programmed and connected to the
arduino.
After the device was finished completely , a small form of car was started to design
and then the final device was connected to it.
Then the project has been checked and adjusted mistakes , the temperature and smoke
sensor was run firstly and become on so the other sensors were operated and gave
output (sms , alarm and open the window ).
This picture shows how they connect together with arduino and computer , also how
they communicate
Fig 8.1 the first form of the car
Fig 8.2 The final connection of all sensors with arduino
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CHAPTER NINE : DISCUTION
The project in this semester has been accomplished and prepared it to
work correctly which can detect a child in a hot car. This device must be
able to detect the presence of a child through their motion and sound. In
the case that the child is not moving or crying, the device will detect the
presence of a child by detecting their breath. The device will monitor the
car using several sensors. The device will use a temperature sensor, a
motion sensor, a sound detector, and smoke sensor. It will be in sleep
mode if the temperature is below a certain threshold. If that threshold is
reached, the device will exit sleep mode and start monitoring its
surroundings. Then, if motion, sound, or a rise in smoke levels is
detected, the device send sms And then wait for a period of 10 minutes, if
the readings have not changed (less temperature and the proportion of
carbon dioxide) it starts to give warning of the oceans around the car so
that they rescued the child The following diagram illustrates the steps to
work this device .
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Fig 9.1 : Flowchart of the system
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CHAPTER TEN : CONCLUISON AND RECOMMENDATION
10.1 Conclusion
In this semester , sensors has been bought completely and programming it check each
sensor separately to make sure his work is required.
It was necessary to program the machine work writing and after making sure that the
work of each sensor was their connection with each other with a piece arduino and
create the environment necessary to activate this device also have designed the final
prototype of the car
10.2 Recommendation
The limitation of this design would be improved upon in future by considering
thefollowing Recommendations :
1- For Those who believe that leaving the child in the air-conditioned vehicle
protects him , reduces the high temperature , but the child might try to
playwith the vehicle so it is advisable to take the children from the vehicle.
2- Providing some of the pieces that are not found in the local Palestinian market,
we were forced to request from outside the country.
3- The system needs to test medically because it is Dedicated for babies. But
there is an excellent opportunity to turn the system into a commercial product
that fits the purchasing power of the average consumer .
4- Finally , transport vehicles for babies must be developed to contain such a
device
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References :
1-http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=Lmt85
2- http://co2meters.com/Documentation/Datasheets/DS30-01%20-%20K30.pdf
3- http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en552769
4- http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno
5- http://www.invensense.com/mems/microphone/documents/ADMP401.pdf
6- https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8502
7- https:://courses.engr.illinois.edu/ece445/projects.asp
8-Sadiku,M. , & Alexander ,C.K .Fundamental Of Electrical Circuit (4th ed) .
9-McGraw-Hill, Inc.Engineering Circuit Analysis, (6thed ).
10-Boylestad ,R ,&Nashelsky ,L. Electronic Device And Circuit Theory(7th ) .
11-https://www.facebook.com/Ramalla.Mix
12http://air.imag.fr/index.php/Microphone_Sound_Detection_Sensor_Module_for_Ar
duino .
13-https://www.pololu.com/file/0J310/MQ3.pdf
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Attachment A :
DISCLAIMER
This report was written by student at s at the Electrical Engineering Department
, Faculty of Engineering , An-Najah National University . It has not been altered
or corrected , other than editorial corrections , as a result of assessment and it
may contain language as well as content errors . The views expressed in it
together with any outcomes and recommendations are solely those of the
students. An-Najah National university accepts no responsibility or liability for
the consequences of this report being used for a purpose other than the purpose
for which it was commissioned .
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Appendix B:
Code that had been used for the project :
>include <Servo.h#
define MServo 9#
define Klaxon 2#
define LED 3#
define PIR_Sensor 4#
define Smoke_Sensor A0#
define Sound_Sensor A1#
define LM35_Sensor A2#
"include "SIM900.h#
>include <SoftwareSerial.h#
"include "sms.h#
;SMSGSM sms
;int numdata
;boolean started=false
;]char smsbuffer[160
;]char n[20
;Servo myservo
;float LM35_Sensor_Value
;float Sensor_temp
;int LM35_Value=0
;int Smoke_Sensor_Value=0
;int Smoke_Value=0
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;int Sound_Sensor_Value=0
;int Sound_Value=0
;int PIR_Sensor_Value=0
;int PIR_Value=0
{ )(void setup
:initialize INPUT //
;)pinMode(PIR_Sensor, INPUT
;)pinMode(Smoke_Sensor, INPUT
;)pinMode(Sound_Sensor, INPUT
;)pinMode(LM35_Sensor, INPUT
:initialize OUTPUT //
;)pinMode(Klaxon, OUTPUT
;)pinMode(LED, OUTPUT
;)pinMode(MServo, OUTPUT
attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object //
;)myservo.attach(MServo
:initialize serial communication with computer //
;)Serial.begin(9600
;}
{ )(void loop
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; )( PIR
;)( Sound
;)( Smoke
;)(temp
if ( ((LM35_Value & Smoke_Value & Sound_Value & PIR_Value)==1)|((Smoke_Value &
{))LM35_Value)==1
;)(sm
;)( LED_Klaxon_ON
;)delay(50000
;)(MServo_ON
;)delay(2000
}
{ else
;)( LED_Klaxon_OFF
;)(MServo_OFF
}
;}
{)(void sm
;)".Serial.println("GSM Shield testing
{ ))if (gsm.begin(2400
;)"Serial.println("\nstatus=READY
;started=true
}
;)"else Serial.println("\nstatus=IDLE
{ )if(started
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if (sms.SendSMS("00972595400047", "Your child in dengours")) Serial.println("\nSMS sent
;)"OK
}
;)delay(200
if (sms.SendSMS("00972569833087", " Your child in dengours")) Serial.println("\nSMS sent
;)"OK
;)delay(2000
}
{ )( void PIR
;)PIR_Sensor_Value=digitalRead(PIR_Sensor
{)if (PIR_Sensor_Value==1
;PIR_Value=1
;)"Serial.println("PIR_Sensor_ON
;)delay(100
}
{else
;PIR_Value=0
;)"Serial.println("PIR_Sensor_OFF
;)delay(100
}
}
{)( void Sound
;)Sound_Sensor_Value= analogRead(Sound_Sensor
{) if ( Sound_Sensor_Value > 50
;Sound_Value=1
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;)"Serial.println("Sound_Sensor_ON
;)delay(100
}
{ else
;Sound_Value=0
;)"Serial.println("Sound_Sensor_OFF
;)delay(100
}
}
{)( void Smoke
;)Smoke_Sensor_Value = analogRead(Smoke_Sensor
{)if ( Smoke_Sensor_Value > 50
;Smoke_Value=1
;)"Serial.println("Smoke_Sensor_ON
;)delay(100
}
{ else
;Smoke_Value=0
;)"Serial.println("Smoke_Sensor_OFF
;)delay(100
}
}
{)(void temp
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;)Sensor_temp = analogRead(LM35_Sensor
;LM35_Sensor_Value = Sensor_temp *0.48828125
{) if ( LM35_Sensor_Value >50
;)"Serial.println("LM35_Sensor_ON
;LM35_Value=1
;)delay(100
}
{))else if (~( LM35_Sensor_Value > 35
;LM35_Value=0
;)"Serial.println("LM35_Sensor_OFF
;)delay(100
}
}
{ )( void LED_Klaxon_ON
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, HIGH
;)digitalWrite(LED, HIGH
;)delay(100
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, LOW
;)digitalWrite(LED, LOW
;)delay(500
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, HIGH
;)digitalWrite(LED, HIGH
;)delay(100
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, LOW
;)digitalWrite(LED, LOW
;)delay(500
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;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, HIGH
;)digitalWrite(LED, HIGH
;)delay(100
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, LOW
;)digitalWrite(LED, LOW
;)delay(500
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, HIGH
;)digitalWrite(LED, HIGH
;)delay(100
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, LOW
;)digitalWrite(LED, LOW
;)delay(500
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, HIGH
;)digitalWrite(LED, HIGH
;)delay(100
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, LOW
;)digitalWrite(LED, LOW
;)delay(500
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, HIGH
;)digitalWrite(LED, HIGH
;)delay(100
;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, LOW
;)digitalWrite(LED, LOW
;)delay(500
}
{ )( void LED_Klaxon_OFF
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;)digitalWrite(Klaxon, LOW
;)digitalWrite(LED, LOW
;)delay(1000
}
{)(void MServo_ON
myservo.write(180);
delay(15);
// sets the servo position according to the scaled value
// waits for the servo to get there
}
{)(void MServo_OFF
myservo.write(90);
delay(15);
// sets the servo position according to the scaled value
// waits for the servo to get there
}
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