Chapter 7.
The Structure of the Nervous
System
2002. 11. 7.
Ⅰ. Introduction
 General organization of the mammalian
brain and the terms
 3D structure of the developing brain
 Understanding of Cerebral neo-cortex
Term1: Collection of Neurons
NAME
DESCRIPTION
GRAY MATTER
A generic term for a collection of neuronal cell
bodies in the CNS
CORTEX
Any collection of neurons that form a thin sheet,
usually at the brain’s surface
NUCLEUS
A clearly distinguishable mass of neurons, usually
deep in the brain
SUBSTANTIA
A group of related neurons deep within the brain,
usually with less distinct borders than those of
nuclei
LOCUS
A small, well-defined group of cells.
GANGLION
A collection of neurons in the PNS
Term 2: Collection of Axons
NAME
DESCRIPTION
NERVE
A bundle of axons in the PNS
WHITE MATTER
A generic term for a collection of CNS axons
TRACT
A collection of CNS axons having a common site
of origin and a common destination
BUNDLE
A collection of axons that run together but that
do not necessarily have the same origin and
destination
CAPSULE
A collection of axons that connect the cerebrum
with the brain stem
COMMISSURE
Any collection of axons that connect on side of
the brain with the other side
LEMNISCUS
A tract that meanders through the brain like a
ribbon.
Ⅱ. Gross organization of the Mammalian
Nervous System
1, Anatomical direction
2. Anatomical plane of section
3.Central nervous System
RAT
Human
4. The Peripheral Nervous System
 The Somatic PNS
1)The somatic motor axon
2) The somatic sensory axon
afferent
 The Visceral PNS
1)
2)
Visceral sensory axons
Visceral motor fibers
 Afferent & Efferent
Axon
efferent
5. The Cranial Nerves



Trochlear: movement of eye
Trigeminal : touch to the face,
mastication muscle movement
Abducens: movement of the eye
Glossopharyngeal: throat, salivary
glands control, 1/3 tongue
sensation
Vagus: heart, lungs, control,
throat muscle change detection,
viscera pain sensation
Spinal accessory: throat and
neck muscles movement
Hypoglossal: tongue movement

p234, 235




6. The Meninges
1)dura mater
2) arachnoid membrane
3) pia mater
7. The ventricular System
Fluid-filled caverns & canal
8. Imaging the Living Brain
(1) Computed Tomography (CT)
(2) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
종양
3) Functional Brain Imaging- fMRI
3) Functional Brain Imaging- PET
Ⅲ. Understanding CNS Structure Through
Development
1. Formation of the Neural Tube
2. Three Primary/Secondary Brain Vesicles
1) Primary brain vesicles
2) Secondary brain vesicles
3) Differentiation of the Telencephalon and diencephalon
Superior
colliculus
inferior
colliculus
3. Differentiation of the forebrain
1) Differenciation of the Telecephalon and Diencephalon
Coronal section
Gray matter
Ventricles
White matter
2) Forebrain structure-function relationship





Forebrain: 지각, 의식적 자각, 수의적 행동
Cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Cortical neurons
hypothalamus
4. Differentiation of the midbrain
 Midbrain structurefunction relationship
:감각체계, 운동 통제
: Tectum
-> superior colliculus
-> Inferior colliculus
: tegmentum
5. Differentiation of the Hindbrain
*hindbrain structure-function relationship (cerebellum, pons, medulla)
6. Differentiation of the Spinal Cord
 Dorsal horn cell
 Ventral horn cell
 Intermediate cell
7. Special Features of the Human CNS
 유사점
 차이점:
인간 대뇌의 많은 주름.
Olfactory bulb가 쥐가 더 큼.
인간 뇌의 lobe의 구분
Cerebral Cortex
The lobe of the human cerebrum
Brodmann’s cytoarchitectural map
Ⅳ. Guide to the Cerebral Cortex
 Neo-cortex evolution and structure-function relationships
Primary sensory area
Secondary sensory area
Motor area
Associate area-’mind’
http://eye.snu.ac.kr/
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