Matter and
Change
What is Matter?
Matter is
anything that
takes up
space and
has mass.
Mass is the
amount of
matter in an
object.
Physical Properties
A property that
can be
observed and
measured
without
changing the
substance.
Physical Properties
What are some
physical properties?
Examples:
• luster
• malleability: the ability
to be hammered into a
thin sheet
• ductility: the ability to
be stretched into a wire
• melting point
• boiling point
• density
• solubility
• specific heat
Physical Changes
A change in a
substance that
does not
change the
identity of the
substance
Physical Changes
Physical Changes
Some physical
changes
would be
 boiling of a liquid
 melting of a solid
 dissolving a solid in a
liquid to give a
homogeneous mixture
— a SOLUTION.
States of Matter
Substance
Shape
Volume
Particle
Movement
Solid
Definite
Definite
Fixed
particles
(Vibrate)
Liquid
Indefinite
Definite
Free to
move pass
each other
Gas
Indefinite
Indefinite
Movement is
faster & far
apart
Chemical Properties
Chemical Properties- a property that can
only be observed by changing the type
of substance.
Chemical Change or
Chemical Reaction
 Transformation of one
or more substances
into a different
substance with
different properties.
 You can not get the
original substance back
Likely Signs of
a Chemical Change
Heat produced
Light produced
Production of a gas
Color change
Odor
Formation of a
precipitate – a solid
formed by mixing
two liquids together
Chemical Change or Chemical
Reaction
Examples of a chemical change:
Iron rusts or oxidizes
Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium
hydroxide
Neutralization of acid with a base
Grass growing in a lawn (Photosynthesis)
Electrolysis of water
Hydrolysis of water
Physical vs Chemical
Physical Change Verbs







melt/boil/evaporate
Dissolve
Chop/grind/tear
Easily reversed.
Does not absorb or
release energy.
Does NOT lose its
identity (still there)
Color(paint)/bend/twist
Chemical Change Verbs










Digest
Cook/bake/fry
Rust/corrode
Oxidize/reduce
Rot/spoil
Decompose/decay
Not easily reversed
Energy absorbed or released.
Burn/combust/ignite
Electrolysis or Hydrolysis
Learning Check
Physical or Chemical Property?
 melting point
 flammable
 density
 magnetic
 tarnishes in air
 solubility

Physical

Chemical

Physical

Physical

Chemical

Physical
Exit ticket
Physical or Chemical Change?
1. Potassium chlorate
Chemical
decomposing
2. dissolving in water
Physical
3. burning a log
Chemical
4. water evaporating
Physical
5. grinding spices
Physical
6. formation of a precipitate
Chemical
7. Boiling water
Physical
Extensive properties
 Depend upon the amount
of matter present
 Ex: mass, volume, heat
energy, length
Intensive properties
 Do not depend upon
the amount of matter
present, and remains
constant
 Ex: density, boiling,
freezing, melting
points, conductivity,
solubility, magnetism
Mixtures and Pure Substances
Day 2
Matter Flowchart
PURE SUBSTANCE
yes
Compound
Can it be chemically
decomposed?
no
Element
Metalloids
Metals
Nonmetals
One type of Pure
Substance
Elements- simplest kind of
matter
All one kind of atom
110 named elements
H, O, Cu, Fe, He, Ne
 Based on this definition is H2
an element?
The other type of Pure
Substance
Compounds are substances that can be broken
down by a chemical change
 Atoms of two or more different elements that
have been combined in a fixed proportion.
 H2O, NaCl, CaCO3,
Element or
Compound
 Sucrose- C6H12O6
 Copper- Cu
 Hydrochloric acid- HCl
 Copper(II) CuCl2
chloride-
 Oxygen Potassium-
Compound
Element
Compound
Compound
O2
Element
K
Element
Matter Flowchart
MIXTURE
yes
Is the composition
uniform?
Homogeneous
Mixture
(solution)
no
Heterogeneous
Mixture
Mixtures
 Made up of two or
more substances.
 Heterogeneousmixture is not
uniform in
composition
 Hetero means
different
 Homogeneous- same composition throughout.
 Solution – a homogenous mixture with
particles so small they cannot be seen with a
microscope and will never settle to the bottom
of their container
 Example: Vinegar, cola, apple juice
Alloys
 Alloy- homogeneous
mixture composed of 2 or
more metal elements
 Examples
 Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni
 Brass – Cu & Zn
 14K, 10K, 18K Gold
Homogeneous or
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
 MilkHeterogeneous
 Sugar waterHeterogeneous
 Trail mix Salt water solution- Homogeneous
 SteelHomogeneous
Element, Compound,
Heterogeneous, or
Homogeneous
 TitaniumElement
 Copper(II) sulfate- Compound
 Cheeseburger- Hetero Mixture
 Calcium chloride - Compound
 Lithium nitrate
solution-
Homo Mixture
 CalciumElement
 Acetone-(nail polish Homo mixture
Remover)-
 Brass-
Homo mixture-alloy
Element, Compound,
Heterogeneous, or
Homogeneous
Compound
Two different
elements
Coke and ketchup
Homogeneous
Mixture
Hetero mixture
Element- O2
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes
yes
Is the composition
uniform?
Can it be physically
separated?
no
yes
no
Can it be chemically
decomposed?
no
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes
MIXTURE
yes
Is the composition
uniform?
Homogeneous
Mixture
(solution)
no
Can it be physically
separated?
PURE SUBSTANCE
no
Heterogeneous
Mixture
yes
Can it be chemically
decomposed?
Compound
no
Element
 Filtration-physical operation
which is used for the
separation of solids from fluids
Distillation
Fractional
Distillation

the separation of a mixture into
its component parts, or fractions,
using their boiling point and
heating them to different
temperatures
Exit Ticket
 Sodium bicarbonate- Compound
 Kool-Aid- Homogeneous mixture
 10K gold- Homo mixture- alloy
 Helium gas- Element
 Sand, salt, and iron- Hetero mixture
 Sand- Compound
Four corners- Move to a different corner of the
classroom and determine each type of matter.