Chapter 17:
The Reproductive
Systems
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17-2
Learning Outcomes
 Recognize the parts of the male reproductive system
and discuss the function of each part.
 Recall the major word parts used in building words
that relate to the male reproductive system.
 Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and
clinical procedures used in testing and treating
disorders of the male reproductive system.
 Define the major pathological conditions of the male
reproductive system.
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17-3
Learning Outcomes (cont.)
 Recall the meaning of surgical terms related to the
male reproductive system.
 Recognize common pharmacological agents used in
treating disorders of the male reproductive system.
 Recognize the parts of the female reproductive system
and discuss the function of each part.
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17-4
Learning Outcomes (cont.)
 Recall the major word parts used in building words




that relate to the female reproductive system.
Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and
clinical procedures used in testing and treating
disorders of the female reproductive system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the female
reproductive system.
Recall the meaning of surgical terms related to the
female reproductive system.
Recognize common pharmacological agents used in
treating disorders of the female reproductive system.
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17-5
Major Parts - Male
 Male organs produce, maintain, and transport sperm
(male sex cells)along with seminal fluid
 Secrete male hormones
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Male Reproductive
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17-7
Building Vocabulary
 andr(o)
 balan(o)
 epididym(o)
 orch(o), orchi(o),
men
glans penis
epididymis
testes
orchid(o)
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Building Vocabulary
 prostat(o)
 sperm(o),
prostate gland
scrotum
semen
sperm
spermat(o)
 vas(o)
vessel; ductus deferens
 scrot(o)
 semin(o)
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Spermatogenesis
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17-10
Spermatogenesis Maturation
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17-11
Male Hormones
 Testosterone
 FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
 LH
 Inhibin
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Prostatitis
 Prostat(o) = prostate + itis = inflammation
 Generic term for any prostate inflammation
 Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

non-cancerous enlargement
 Middle age males
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Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab Tests
 Physical Examination
 Prostate cancer most common male cancer
 Prostatitis = enlarged, either benign or malignant
 Biopsy to evaluate
 Undiagnosed leads to later stages = lower survival rate
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Prostate Cancer
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Pathological Terms
 Some conditions due to male anatomy, condition of
organs, and reproductive abnormalities at birth
 Cryptorchidism - crypt(o)hidden + orchidism testicle
 Testicle does not descend into scrotum before birth.
(Pre-mies most often affected)
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Surgical Terms
 Circumcision
 Removal of foreskin, covering the tip of the penis
 Benefits / Risks
 American Academy of Pediatrics
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Circumcision
Uncircumcised
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Circumcised
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Vasectomy
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Pharmacological Terms
 Hormone replacement therapy
 Help resolve sexual problems and signs of aging
 Impotence
 Erectile dysfunction- Surgical or mechanical devices
 Benign hypertrophic prostatitis
 Treatment and medications
 Manageable with treatment and check-ups
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Treatment / Prostatitis
 Surgical removal, radiation, drugs, microwaves,
balloon dilation, tumor frozen, stent placement
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Function / Structure
 Female Reproductive System
 Responsible for providing optimal place for
fertilization and growth of another human being until
birth and providing important hormones.
 Main organs include: ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes,
cervix, vagina, labia, and clitoris
 gynec(o) = women + -ology = study
 Gynecology the study of the female systems
 Obstetrics = pregnant women
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Female System
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External Female Genitalia
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Building Vocabulary
 amni(o)
 cervic(o)
 colp(o)
 episi(o)
 galact(o)
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amnion
cervix
vagina
vulva
milk
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17-25
Building Vocabulary
 gynec(o)
 hyster(o)
 lact(o), lacti
 mamm(o)
 mast(o)
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female
uterus
milk
breast
breast
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17-26
Building Vocabulary
 men(o)
 metr(o)
 oo
 oophor(o)
 ov(i), ov(o)
 ovari(o)
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menstruation
uterus
egg
ovary
egg
ovary
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17-27
Building Vocabulary
 perine(o)
 salping(o)
 uter(o)
 vagin(o)
 vulv(o)
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perineum
fallopian tube
uterus
vagina
vulva
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17-28
Related Hormones
 Hormones and Cycles
 Menstrual cycle
 Every 28 days – shedding of uterine lining – menese
(menorrhea)
 Hormones regulate cycle and female cycle
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Female Cycle
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Major Hormones
 Estrogen – sex charactristics
 Progesterone- mammary ducts
 Prolactic- lactation
 Oxytocin- labor
 FSH- oocyte maturation
 HCH- estrogen / progesterone
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Birth Control Methods / Stats
 None 85%
 Diaphragm
 Condom


2-12%,
 Condom and Spermicide
 2-5%
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6-18%
 Cervical cap
 6-18%
 Sponge, gel, foam 3-21%
 Pills
 3%
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Birth Control Methods / Stats
 Mini-pill
 Vasectomy


5%
 Depo-Provera
.3%
 rhythm method 20%
 Withdrawal
 4-18%
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.15%
 Tubal ligation
 .4%
 Intrauterine devices
 3%
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Birth Control Devices
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Pregnancy / Menopause
 Pregnancy = three trimesters (40 weeks)
 Conception = oocyte + spermocyte unite
 Childbearing age span = 13 to 45 years
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17-35
Did you know?
 Every pregnancy is different for a mother
 First pregnancy may have been uneventful with
following pregnancies opposite
 Cravings for certain foods
 Not all women experience cravings
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Perimenopause
 peri=around + menopause = stop childbearing
 Transition period between ending childbearing age
and full onset of menopause
 Occurs between ages 35 to 50
 Similar to menopause in symptoms
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Menopause
 Occurs after childbearing years 45-55
 Hormones decline
 Irregular menses – periods stop
 Different for each woman
 Related and dependent on hereditary factors
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Menopause Symptoms
 Irregular periods
 Mood swings
 Decreased fertility
 Increased abdominal fat
 Hot flashes
 Thinning hair
 Sleep disturbances
 Vaginal dryness
 Night sweats
 Loss of breast fullness
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Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab Tests
 Specialty for Female system
 Gynecology most utilized testing specialties
 Gynecologists = Primary physician
 Obstetrics / Obstetricians
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Mammogram
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Pathological Terms
 Pathology very important due to many potential
concerns and number of patients affected
 Dependent childbearing state, age, and pre-existing
conditions
 Sexually transmitted, structural, or a pregnancy most
women are diagnosed
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Surgical Terms
 Hysterectomy
 Post-operative pain
 Laparoscopic hysterectomy
 Vaginal hysterectomy
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Hysterectomy
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Programmed Review
 amniocentesis
 cauterization
 culdocentesis
 conization
 laparoscopy
 aspiration
 cryosurgery
 hysterectomy
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Pharmacological Terms
 Medications and prescriptions written from a
gynecology practice usually revolve around the female
cycle, sexual activity, conception/prevention, and
drugs to induce and ease the pain of labor.
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Chapter Review
 Recognize the parts of the male reproductive system
and discuss the function of each part.
 Recall the major word parts used in building words
that relate to the male reproductive system.
 Identify the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and
clinical procedures used in testing and treating
disorders of the male reproductive system.
 Define the major pathological conditions of the male
reproductive system.
McGraw-Hill
© 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.