Artistic Impact:
Intellectual / Religious Impact:
THE RENAISSANCE
Political Impact:
Economic Impact:
THE PRINCE – by Niccolo Machievelli
WHETHER IT IS BETTER FOR THE PRINCE TO BE LOVED OR FEARED
“From this arises the question: whether it is better to be loved more than
feared, or feared more than loved. The answer is that one would like to be
both, but as it is difficult for fear and love to go together, it is better to be
feared. One can say about men: they are ungrateful, liars, and deceivers,
anxious to avoid danger, and greedy. As long as you are useful to them, they
are yours. They would shed their blood for you, risk their lives, their children,
so long as the danger is remote. But when you are in danger, they turn against
you. Any prince who has come to depend on promises and take no other
precautions, ensures his own ruin … men worry less about doing an injury to
one who makes himself loved than to one who makes himself feared.”
Do you agree with Machievelli’s advice in this passage? Explain why or why not.
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Unit 5 Vocabulary
Word
renaissance
humanists
secular
fresco
vernacular
Definition
Page 1
sentence/picture
Unit 5 Vocabulary
Word
excommunication
indulgences
predestination
Columbian
Exchange
circumnavigate
Definition
Page 2
sentence/picture
Unit 5 Vocabulary
Word
conquistadors
Jesuits
Encomienda
system
Middle passage
Definition
Page 3
sentence/picture
LUTHER’S NINETY-FIVE THESES
6. The Pope cannot forgive any guilt, except by declaring and showing that it
has been forgiven by God. If his right to grant forgiveness in these cases were
disregarded, the guilt would certainly remain unforgiven.
27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of
purgatory [a place between Heaven and Hell, where the soul awaits
judgment] immediately after the money clinks in the bottom of the chest.
28. It is certainly possible that when the money clinks in the bottom of the
chest, avarice and greed increase…
32. Those who believe that they can be certain of their salvation because they
have indulgence letters will be eternally damned, together with their
teachers.
What do you think Martin Luther was challenging by issuing these statements? Explain your
answer.
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End of Religious Unity. The religious unity of Western
Europe, which had lasted for a thousand years, was
shattered forever. Europe’s religious differences led
to a century of warfare between Protestants and
Catholics
EFFECTS OF THE
REFORMATION
Growth of Royal Power. Without a powerful central
church, the power of European kings began to grow.
In England, King Henry VIII broke with the Pope and
became the head of the Church of England in 1534
Persecution. Rulers tried to ensure that their subjects
were all of one faith. This often led to the
persecution of religious minorities
The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was held to
redefine Catholic beliefs and to stop the spread of
Protestantism. The Council ended the sale of
indulgences.
THE CATHOLIC
COUNTERREFORMATION
The Inquisition was used by Church officials to end
heresy by force. Trials were held to examine, often by
torture, those who denied or opposed Church
teachings.
The Jesuits, begun by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, were
dedicated to defending and spreading the Catholic
faith.