INGLES - Gramática
Profa.: Luana
LISTA 2.a – Pronomes Sujeito, Objeto e Possesivo

ORIENTAÇÕES
A lista 2 de Pronomes traz várias questões para treinar
o uso dos pronomes sujeito, objeto e possessivo.
Nunca deixe de treinar a escrita das questões
discursivas e não deixe passar dúvidas.
Bons estudos! =D
RESUMO TEÓRICO
DEFINIÇÃO:
Pronomes substituem elementos da frase para
evitar repetição.

Exemplos:
Did you find my shoes? (Você achou meus sapatos?)
The cat broke its leg. (O gato quebrou a “própria”
perna”)
This is our school. (Esta é a nossa escola)
Their parents live in São José. (Os pais dele/a vivem
em São José)
PRONOME POSSESSIVO:


PRONOME SUJEITO:




Substituem nomes de pessoas e coisas
Posição na frase: antes do verbo
Inicia frase – executa ação



Singular
I
You
He
She
It

->
->
->
->
->
Plural
We
You
They
They
They
1. Diferença entre determinante e pronome
possessivo:
Substitui nome de pessoas e coisas
Posição na frase: depois do verbo
Está no complemento – informação
Singular
Plural
Me
->
Us
You
->
You
Him
->
Them
Her
->
Them
It
->
Them
Determinantes especificam coisas
Pronomes eliminam repetição –
mencionados antes.
Posição em relação ao verbo (SVO)
Sujeito
verbo
objeto
Exemplos:
I love you / We love it / they love you
You love I -> You love me
He loves she -> He loves her
She loves he -> She loves him
It loves we -> It loves us
You love they -> you love them
Luana takes the bus -> I take it ou She takes it
Mario bakes cakes -> He bakes them
EXERCÍCIO RESOLVIDO
1. (Espcex (Aman) 2015) Texto para a questão:
Brazil’s Rolezinhos – The Kids Are All Right
DETERMINANTE OU ADJETIVO POSSESSIVO:
Não é pronome, mas é muito parecido na forma
Indica de quem é a posse ou o dono de algo
CASD Vestibulares
precisam ter sido
Exemplos:
His coat is grey, my coat is brown ->
(O casaco dele é cinza, o meu casaco é marrom)
His coat is grey, mine is brown.
(O casaco dele é cinza, o meu é marrom)
Sally´s car is new, that old car is our car.
(O carro da Sally é novo, aquele carro velho é o nosso
carro)
Sally´s car is new, that old car is ours.
(O carro da Sally é novo, aquele carro velho é nosso)
Her car is new, that old one is ours.
(O carro dela é novo, aquele que é velho é nosso)
Julia is a friend of mine -> Julia is my friend.
(A Julia é uma amiga minha -> A Julia é minha amiga.)
1.Diferença entre pronome sujeito e objeto:


Indica o objeto possuído
Substitui o objeto que estava junto como
determinante ou adjetivo possessivo
Não existe “its”
Sempre sozinho na frase
Pode vir após “of” – indica relação de posse
entre os elementos
Mine, yours, his, hers, ours,yours, theirs.
Exemplos:
This cake is my cake -> This cake is mine.
(Este bolo é o meu bolo) -> Este bolo é meu.
PRONOME OBJETO:



São seguidos por substantivo – nunca sozinho
na frase
My, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
Inglês
Shopping Metrô Itaquera, a gleaming
mall amid the favelas (shantytowns) of eastern
São Paulo, gained notoriety on January 11th,
when the police used rubber bullets and tear
gas to disperse a crowd of 3,000 youths. The
1
youngsters were participating in a rolezinho, a
gathering of tens, hundreds, and sometimes
thousands of youngsters which is convened via
social networks.
Mall owners and shopkeepers have
reasons to be cautious. A few rolezinhos have
led to muggings and robberies. But most do not
end in Itaquera-like chaos: the word’s true
meaning is closer to “little outing”. And theories
that rolezeiros are class warriors or favela
dwellers tired of the country’s veiled racism are
not correct. “Their battle cry is not ‘Less
oppression!’” says Renato Barreiros, who has
directed a documentary about them. “It’s ‘More
Adidas!’”
The point of a rolezinho is “to hang out,
chill, buy nice things, meet people”, explains
Vinicius Andrade, a 17-year-old from Capão
Redondo, a favela in western São Paulo. He
has taken part in 18 big rolezinhos and helped
organize a few, drawing some of his 89,000
Facebook followers. His 15-year-old girlfriend,
Yasmin Oliveira, a rolezeiro sweetheart with
94,000 fans of her own on the social network,
says that 2shopping centers make good meeting
places because they are safe – an important
consideration in a crime-ridden city. There are
few other public venues for kids, especially in
poorer neighborhoods.
You’re in the middle of a texting conversation when the
other person suddenly stops for a long pause before
responding. What does 1it mean? Maybe they got a call
or got distracted by something else, or their thumbs
needed a break. But it’s also possible they’re taking the
time to cook up a lie.
Researchers from Brigham Young University asked
more than 100 college students to respond to 30
questions each that were generated by a computer and
texted to the participants. In half of their responses, the
students were asked to lie. The researchers found that
when the students lied, it took 2them 10% longer to
send the text message and they made more edits than
usual.
When communicating with someone in person, most
people look for behaviors that 3they feel are indicators
of dishonesty, like not being able to look people in the
eye or moving nervously. Spotting 4such signals is
hard to do when someone is on the other end of a string
of text messages. But the new research suggests that
some patterns, such as the delay in texting, could
become a sign for detecting lies in such
communications. The researchers say 5their findings
raise questions about how the validity of
communications on social media might be interpreted
on matters of security and personal safety.
From: Time – 100 New health discoveries – how the
latest breakthroughs can improve your health and
wellness. ed. 50. Time Inc. Specials, 2003,
p. 51.
In the sentence “...shopping centers make good
meeting places because they are safe...” (ref.
2), the word they refers to:
2. (Ufsc 2015) Choose the CORRECT
alternative(s).
a) fans.
b) shopping centers.
c) rolezeiros.
d) kids.
e) neighborhoods
01) It, in reference 1, refers to the delay of a
person’s response when texting a message.
02) Them, in reference 2, refers to researchers.
04) They, in reference 3, refers to most people.
08) Such signals, in reference 4, refers to text
messages.
16) Their, in reference 5, refers to research findings
on virtual security and safety.
Resolução:
Alternativa [B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois o personal
pronoun they (eles) é plural, refere-se aos lugares
seguros, que no texto são os shopping centers.
Tradução do trecho: "os shopping centers são
bons lugares porque eles são seguros".
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto para responder a(s) questão(ões).
The Rise of Antibiotic Resistance
By The Editorial Board
May 10, 2014
EXERCÍCIOS PROPOSTOS
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
2
The World Health Organization has surveyed
the growth of antibiotic-resistant germs around the world
– the first such survey it has ever conducted – and
come up with disturbing findings. In a report issued late
last month, the organization found that antimicrobial
resistance in bacteria (the main focus of the report),
fungi, viruses and parasites is an increasingly serious
threat in every part of the world. “A problem so serious
that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine,”
the organization said. “A post-antibiotic era, in which
common infections and minor injuries can kill, far from
Inglês
CASD Vestibulares
being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real
possibility for the 21st century.”
The growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens
means that in ever more cases, standard treatments no
longer work, infections are harder or impossible to
control, the risk of spreading infections to others is
increased, and illnesses and hospital stays are
prolonged. All of these drive up the costs of illnesses
and the risk of death. The survey sought to determine
the scope of the problem by asking countries to submit
their most recent surveillance data (114 did so).
Unfortunately, the data was glaringly incomplete
because few countries track and monitor antibiotic
resistance comprehensively, and there is no standard
methodology for doing so.
Still, it is clear that major resistance problems
have already developed, both for antibiotics that are
used routinely and for those deemed “last resort”
treatments to cure people when all else has failed.
Carbapenem antibiotics, a class of drugs used as a last
resort to treat life-threatening infections caused by a
common intestinal bacterium, have failed to work in
more than half the people treated in some countries.
The bacterium is a major cause of hospital-acquired
infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections,
and infections in newborns and intensive-care patients.
Similarly, the failure of a last-resort treatment for
gonorrhoea has been confirmed in 10 countries,
including many with advanced health care systems,
such as Australia, Canada, France, Sweden and Britain.
And resistance to a class of antibiotics that is routinely
used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli is
widespread; in some countries the drugs are now
ineffective in more than half of the patients treated. This
sobering report is intended to kick-start a global
campaign to develop tools and standards to track drug
resistance, measure its health and economic impact,
and design solutions.
The most urgent need is to minimize the
overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, which
accelerates the development of resistant strains. In the
United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
has issued voluntary guidelines calling on drug
companies, animal producers and veterinarians to stop
indiscriminately using antibiotics that are important for
treating humans on livestock; the drug companies have
said they will comply. But the agency, shortsightedly,
1has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use
of penicillin and two forms of tetracycline by animal
producers to promote growth unless they provide proof
that it will not promote drug-resistant microbes.
The pharmaceutical industry needs to be
encouraged to develop new antibiotics to supplement
those that are losing their effectiveness. The Royal
Pharmaceutical Society, which represents pharmacists
in Britain, called this month for stronger financial
incentives. It said that no new class of antibiotics has
been discovered since 1987, largely because the
financial returns for finding new classes of antibiotics
are too low. Unlike lucrative drugs to treat chronic
diseases like cancer and cardiovascular ailments,
antibiotics are typically taken for a short period of time,
and any new drug is apt to be used sparingly and held
in reserve to treat patients resistant to existing drugs.
Antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved
CASD Vestibulares
countless lives over the past seven decades. Now,
rampant overuse and the lack of new drugs in the
pipeline threaten to undermine their effectiveness.
(www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
3. (Unifesp 2015) No trecho do quarto parágrafo (ref.
1), “has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the
use of penicillin”, o termo em destaque se refere a
a) drug companies.
b) Food and Drug Administration.
c) penicillin.
d) a court order.
e) animal producers.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à(s) questão(ões).
Welcome to Madrid: City of Protests
Madrid (CNN) — “The people, united, will never
be divided!” yells the crowd, angrily waving banners and
placards. “To fight is the only way!” Dog-walkers,
mothers with strollers, an pensioners carrying shopping
bags join the crowd. These people on the sidewalk are
no curious neighbors. Indeed, many of them are
complete strangers to the family living on the fifth floor,
but they are all here to protect Rocio from eviction –
being forced to leave her property by legal process
Rocio and her son, now 17 and in high school,
moved from Ecuador in 2003, when times were good
and jobs plentiful in Spain. But then the global financial
crisis hit, bringing Spain’s economy’ down, Rocio lost
her two jobs – in a shop, and as a cleaner. For a while,
Rocio got by on benefits but then those stopped too.
She is an example of the crisis many Spaniards face as
the country deals with the highest unemployment rate
since the Civil War in the 1930s, and a recession
entering its second year. “I can’t stand the thought of
living on the streets with my san, but I have no idea
where else to go”, she says.
Rocio’s story is echoed by others all over Spain.
It is this fear that took many Spanish citizen to action.
Many of those people who are outside the door of
Rocio’s apartment block are supporter of “Stop
Desahucios” (Stop Evictions), part of the Platform of
People Affected by Mortgages (PAI – Plataforma de
Afectados por la Hipoteca), a group that campaigns to
prevent banks and authorities from eviction because of
the country’s economic crisis. They accuse the banks
and authorities o ‘real estate terrorism”.
There are also the mass marches of the 15-M
movement – also known as the “Indignados”. Activist
Dante Scherma, 24, says citizens were not used to
speaking out on political issues. “The 15-M movement
made people talk about social issues, and about politics
in normal conversations - in cafés, restaurants, bars –
where before they only talked about football or fashion.”
Back in Vicalvaro, the moment of truth has
arrived, but the crowd – now shouting at the police,
insisting they have to stop forcing families to leave their
properties – appears to have had an impact. Lawyers
from the PAH explain that Rocio will be able to stay –
for a while, at least. For those working to stop Spain’s
eviction epidemic, today has seen a small and
Inglês
3
temporary victory. For those demonstrating about cuts,
corruption and lack of cash, the protests will go on.
Adaptado de:
http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/20/world/europe/madridcity-of-protests/index.html
4. (Espcex (Aman) 2014) In the sentence “...insisting
they have to stop forcing families to leave their
properties...”, words they and their respectively refer to
a) the crowd and families.
b) the crowd and the police.
c) the police and families.
d) the families and the properties.
e) the police and the properties.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Emerging economies
The Great Deceleration
The emerging-market slowdown is not the beginning of
a bust. But it is a turning-point for the world economy
WHEN a champion sprinter falls short of his
best speeds, it takes a while to determine whether he is
temporarily on poor form or has permanently lost his
edge. The same is true with emerging markets, the
world economy’s 21st-century sprinters. After a decade
of surging growth, in which they led a global boom and
then helped pull the world economy forwards in the face
of the financial crisis, the emerging giants have slowed
sharply.
China will be lucky if it manages to hit its official
target of 7.5% growth in 2013, a far cry from the doubledigit rates that the country had come to expect in the
2000s. Growth in India (around 5%), Brazil and Russia
(around 2.5%) is barely half what it was at the height of
the boom. Collectively, emerging markets may (just)
match last year’s pace of 5%. That sounds fast
compared with the sluggish rich world, but it is the
slowest emerging-economy expansion in a decade,
barring 2009 when the rich world slumped.
This marks the end of the dramatic first phase
of the emerging-market era, which saw such economies
jump from 38% of world output to 50% (measured at
purchasing-power parity, or PPP) over the past decade.
Over the next ten years emerging economies will still
rise, but more gradually. The immediate effect of this
4
deceleration should be manageable. But the longerterm impact on the world economy will be profound.
Running out of puff
In the past, periods of emerging-market boom
have tended to be followed by busts (which helps
explain why so few poor countries have become rich
ones). A determined pessimist can find reasons to fret
today, pointing in particular to the risks of an even more
drastic deceleration in China or of a sudden global
monetary tightening. But this time a broad emergingmarket bust looks unlikely.
China is in the midst of a precarious shift from
investment-led growth to a more balanced,
consumption-based model. Its investment surge has
prompted plenty of bad debt. But the central
government has the fiscal strength both to absorb
losses and to stimulate the economy if necessary. That
is a luxury few emerging economies have ever had. It
makes disaster much less likely. And with rich-world
economies still feeble, there is little chance that
monetary conditions will suddenly tighten. Even if they
did, most emerging economies have better defences
than ever before, with flexible exchange rates, large
stashes of foreign-exchange reserves and relatively less
debt (much of it in domestic currency).
That’s the good news. The bad news is that the
days of record-breaking speed are over. China’s
turbocharged investment and export model has run out
of puff. Because its population is ageing fast, the
country will have fewer workers, and because it is more
prosperous, it has less room for catch-up growth. Ten
years ago China’s per person GDP measured at PPP
was 8% of America’s; now it is 18%. China will keep on
catching up, but at a slower clip.
That will hold back other emerging giants.
Russia’s burst of speed was propelled by a surge in
energy prices driven by Chinese growth. Brazil sprinted
ahead with the help of a boom in commodities and
domestic credit; its current combination of stubborn
inflation and slow growth shows that its underlying
economic speed limit is a lot lower than most people
thought. The same is true of India, where near-doubledigit annual rises in GDP led politicians, and many
investors, to confuse the potential for rapid catch-up (a
young, poor population) with its inevitability. India’s
growth rate could be pushed up again, but not without
radical reforms—and almost certainly not to the peak
pace of the 2000s.
Jul 27th 2013/www.economist.com
5. (Espm 2014) The pronoun they in the underlined
sentence of the fifth paragraph of the text: “Even if they
did, …” refers to
a) China
b) plenty of bad debt
c) a few emerging economies
d) rich-world economies
e) monetary conditions
Inglês
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
A HISTORY OF PI
CASD Vestibulares
The history of Pi, says the author, though a
small part of the history of mathematics, is nevertheless
a mirror of the history of man. 5Petr Beckmann holds up
this mirror, 4giving the background of the times when Pi
made progress — and also when it did not, because
3science was being 1stifled by militarism or religious
fanaticism. The mathematical level of this book is
flexible, and there is plenty for readers of all ages and
interests.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Petr Beckmann was born in Prague,
Czechoslovakia, in 1924. 6Until 1963, he worked as a
research scientist for the Czechoslovak Academy of
Sciences, when he was invited as a Visiting Professor
to the University of Colorado, where he decided to stay
permanently as professor of electrical engineering.
Dr. Beckmann has authored 11 books and more
than 50 scientific papers, 2mostly on probability theory
and electromagnetic wave propagation. History is one of
his side interests; another is linguistics (7he is fluent in
five languages and he has worked out a new generative
grammar which enables a computer to construct trillions
of grammatical sentences from a dictionary of less than
100 unprocessed words).
8He also publishes a monthly pro-science, protechnology, pro-free enterprise newsletter Access to
Energy, in which he promotes the viewpoint that clean
energy can be made plentiful, but that access to it is
blocked by government interference and environmental
paranoia.
BECKMANN, Petr. A History of Pi. New York: Barnes &
Noble Books, 1983.
6. (Ita 2014) Indique a alternativa que contém a
referência correta para o termo sublinhado.
a) “giving the background of the times when Pi made
progress …” (ref. 4)  background
b) “Petr Beckmann holds up this mirror, giving the
background of the times when Pi made progress —
and also when it did not …” (ref. 5)  mirror
c) “Until 1963, he worked as a research scientist for the
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, when he was
invited …” (ref. 6)  research scientist
d) “he is fluent in five languages and he has worked out
a new generative grammar which enables a computer
to construct …” (ref. 7)  five languages
e) “He also publishes a monthly pro-science, protechnology, pro-free enterprise newsletter Access to
Energy, in which he promotes the viewpoint …” (ref.
8)  newsletter Access to Energy
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Answer the questions with information from the text.
CASD Vestibulares
7. (Pucrs 2014) Fill in the gaps with the suitable
pronouns
a) my – she – her – his
b) my – it – our – its
c) his – it – his – her
d) his – he – his – its
e) its – he – our – our
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
SPAIN’S ECONOMY
In the midst of a currency crisis, steep credit
downgrades, and a 100 billion euro bailout of its
banking system, it’s easy to be pessimistic about Spain.
But there are some grounds for optimism.
Start with exports. While Spanish wages rose much
faster than the euro zone average during the pre-crisis
years, large exporters kept costs under control, allowing
them to stay relatively competitive. Meanwhile Spanish
employers with more than 250 workers stayed just as
productive as their German, Italian, and French
counterparts, according to BBVA, Spain’s No. 2 bank.
Consequently, despite Asia’s rise, Spain has managed
to hang on to its global market share of exports. That
puts it in a league with Germany and well ahead of most
of the euro zone. Inditex, the clothing group best known
for its Zara retail chain, is a poster child of Spanish
competitiveness. It shrugged off the European financial
crisis and even delivered a sharp rise in first-quarter
profits.
The catch is that exports, which account for about 30
percent of Spain’s GDP, can’t compensate for the steep
drop in demand at home. Yet some companies are
doing well inside Spain. Mercadona, the largest purely
domestic grocer, boosted sales by 8 percent last year,
to 17.8 billion euros. Its unique business model is
studied in the classrooms of top American business
schools.
Another bright spot: Spain’s current account deficit has
fallen sharply from its peak of about 10 percent of GDP
in 2007 to about 3 percent in the most recent quarter.
The decline has been steeper than in other troubled
countries such as Greece or Portugal, but investors
would still like to see trade in balance. One way to get
there is by cutting spending on imports. A better way, in
the words of Mercadona chairman Juan Roig: everyone
in Spain “needs to work harder” to boost productivity.
Inglês
5
Spain’s emblematic companies show that this can be
done. But their success has been despite, not because
of, the country’s politicians and rigid employment laws.
Spain has already implemented painful reforms,
particularly in the labor market, but they will take time to
feed into the economy. The bank bailout may eventually
ease the ongoing credit crunch, but in the short term the
country’s increasing borrowing costs will make it harder
for Spanish entrepreneurs to finance their businesses.
Adapted from Newsweek, June 25, 2012
8. (Fgvrj 2013) In the last paragraph, “they” in the
phrase “…but they will take time to feed into the
economy” most likely refers to
a) recently elected Spanish politicians.
b) difficult but necessary changes in Spanish
regulations.
c) Spain’s emblematic companies.
d) Spain’s traditionally rigid employment laws.
e) the investment money now available to Spanish
companies.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Are You A Digital Native or A Digital Immigrant?
We all know that we are living in an increasingly
technologically driven world. Living here in the heart of
Silicon Valley I certainly feel it every day. In fact, I don’t
think I know a single couple in my neighborhood, other
than my wife and I, who don’t work in the technology
field in some capacity. Our local companies are
Facebook, Apple, Google, Yahoo, and so many venture
capital firms that I can’t keep them straight. But you
don’t have to live in Silicon Valley to feel that the world
is getting more and more technology centered, focused,
and driven. We can debate the pros and cons of this
reality but 9we can’t deny that the world has changed
very quickly in head spinning ways. Two recent
comments led me to finally enter the 21st century 2by
getting a smart phone this week, kicking and screaming.
First, I mentioned to one of my undergraduate
classes at Santa Clara University that I didn’t have a
smart phone, but rather I had a 8dumb phone. 10My
phone can make and receive phone calls and that’s
about it. No email, internet, and so forth. 3So one of my
students looked at me in an odd and curious way, like
she was talking to someone from another planet, and
stated in 11a matter of fact manner, “Professor Plante,
even 2nd graders have smart phones.” Ouch!
Second, 4I was talking with a producer at the
PBS NewsHour who wanted me to do a live interview
within a few hours of his call regarding some late
breaking news about clergy sexual abuse, which is my
specialty. I was out of the office and driving my car
when he called and in 12a matter of fact manner he said
that he wanted to send me some important information
to my smart phone to best prepare me for the upcoming
interview. When I told him that I couldn’t receive
anything since I had a dumb phone and not a smart
phone, there was a long silence. 1He then said he’d
have to just read it to me over the phone as a Plan B.
He wasn’t happy ... neither was I.
6
7In case you haven’t noticed, the 21st century is
really upon us and to live in it one really does need to
be connected in my view. Although I often consider
myself a 19th or 20th century guy trapped in the 21st
century we really do need to adapt. For most of us we
are just living in a new world that really demands
comfort with and access to technology.
This notion of digital native vs. digital immigrant
makes a great deal of sense to me. Young people in our
society are digital natives. They seem to be very
comfortable with everything from iPhones to TV
remotes. Digital immigrants, like me, just never feel that
comfortable with these technologies. Sure we may learn
to adapt by using email, mobile phones, smart ones or
dumb ones, Facebook, and so forth but it just doesn’t
and perhaps will never be very natural for us. It is like
learning a second language ... you can communicate
but with some struggle.
This has perhaps always been true. I remember
when I was in graduate school in the 1980s trying to
convince my grandparents that buying a telephone
answering machine as well as a clothes dryer would be
a good idea. They looked at me like I was talking in
another language or that I was from another planet.
5Perhaps we have a critical period in our lives
for technology just like we do for language. 6When we
are young we soak up language so quickly but find it so
much harder to learn a new language when we are
older. The same seems to be true for technology.
So, this week I bought my first smart phone and
am just learning to use it. When questions arise, I turn
to my very patient teenage son for answers. And when
he’s not around, I just look to the youngest person
around for help.
So, what about you? Are you a digital native or
a digital immigrant and how does it impact your life?
Adapted from “Digital Native vs. Digital Immigrant?
Which are you?” Published on July 24, 2012 by Thomas
G. Plante, Ph.D., ABPP in Do the Right Thing
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/do-the-rightthing/201207/digital-native-vs-digital-immigrant-whichare-you
retrieved on July 28, 2012
9. (Pucrj 2013) In the sentence, “He then said he’d
have to just read it to me over the phone as a Plan B.”
(ref. 1), the underlined pronoun refers to
a) the author´s dumb phone.
b) the information needed for the interview.
c) the author’s smart phone.
d) the upcoming interview.
e) the conversation the author had with the TV
producer.
TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Analyze an advertisement
Peter Sells
Sierra Gonzalez
Inglês
CASD Vestibulares
Not all advertisements make perfect sense. Not
all of them promote or imply acceptance of social values
that everyone would agree are what we should hope for,
in an enlightened and civilized society. Some
advertisements appear to degrade our images of
ourselves, our language, and appear to move the
emphasis of interaction in our society to (even more)
consumerism. There may even be a dark, seamy, or
seedy side to advertising. This is hardly surprising, as
our society is indeed a consumer society, and it is highly
capitalistic in the simplest sense. There is no doubt that
advertising promotes a consumer culture, and helps
create and perpetuate the ideology that creates the
apparent need for the products it markets.
For our purposes here, none of this matters.
Our task is to analyze advertisements, and to see if we
can understand how they do what they do. We will leave
the task of how we interpret our findings in the larger
social, moral and cultural contexts for another occasion.
It is often said that advertising is irrational, and,
again, that may well be true. But this is where the
crossover between information and persuasion
becomes important; an advertisement does not have to
be factually informative (but it cannot be factually
misleading).
In a discussion of what kind of benefit an
advertisement might offer to a consumer, Jim Aitchison
(1999) provides the following quote from Gary
Goldsmith of Lowe & Partners, New York. It sums up
perfectly what it is that one should look for in an
advertisement. The question posed is “Is advertising
more powerful if it offers a rational benefit?” Here is
Goldsmith’s answer: “I don’t think you need to offer a
rational benefit. I think you need to offer a benefit that a
rational person can understand.”
(www.stanford.edu. Adaptado.)
10. (Unesp 2013) O pronome it, utilizado na última
linha do primeiro parágrafo, na frase for the products it
markets, refere-se
a) à necessidade da propaganda.
b) à área de publicidade.
c) à ideologia da propaganda.
d) aos mercados consumidores.
e) à cultura do consumismo.
RESOLUÇÕES E GABARITOS
Resposta da questão 2:
01 + 04 = 05.
[01] Verdadeira.
O pronome it refere-se ao
"atraso da resposta de uma pessoa ao mandar
uma mensagem de texto".
[02] Falsa. O pronome "them" não se refere aos
"pesquisadores", mas sim aos "estudantes".
[04] Verdadeira. O pronome "they" refere-se à
"maioria das pessoas".
[08] Falsa. A expressão "tais sinais" não se refere
às mensagens de texto, mas sim às "mentiras".
CASD Vestibulares
[16] Falsa. O possessivo "their" não se refere a
descobertas de pesquisas sobre segurança e
privacidade virtuais, mas sim aos "pesquisadores.
Resposta da questão 3:
[B]
A alternativa [B] está correta, pois o pronome "it" referese a "Food and Drug Administration". "But the agency,
shortsightedly, has appealed a court order requiring it to
ban the use of penicillin" (Mas a agência [FDA], de
modo impensado, recorreu a uma decisão judicial que
exigia que ela [FDA] banisse o uso da penicilina).
Resposta da questão 4:
[C]
A frase destacada pode ser entendida como: “insistindo
que eles [os policiais] têm que parar de forçar as
famílias a deixarem suas [das famílias] propriedades”.
Assim, a alternativa correta é a [C].
Resposta da questão 5:
[E]
Tradução do trecho “And with rich-world economies still
feeble, there is little chance that monetary conditions
will suddenly tighten. Even if they did...”: “e com as
economias mundiais ricas ainda frágeis, há pouca
chance de que as condições monetárias
repentinamente se fortaleçam. Mesmo que elas [as
condições monetárias] se fortalecessem...”. Assim, a
alternativa correta é a [E].
Resposta da questão 6:
[E]
A alternativa [E] está correta, pois o pronome which
(qual) refere-se ao boletim informativo Access to
Energy. Tradução da frase: “ele também publica um
boletim informativo em prol da ciência, da tecnologia e
da empresa livre, no qual ele defende o ponto de
vista...”.
Resposta da questão 7:
[B]
A alternativa [B] completa corretamente as lacunas da
tirinha. Tradução dos trechos com lacunas: "desta vez
eu tirarei vantagem da falta de durabilidade do meu
meio"; "à medida que essa escultura derrete, ela
convida o espectador a contemplar o caráter efêmero
da vida. Essa obra trata do horror de nossa própria
mortalidade"; "o gênio nunca é compreendido em sua
própria época".
Resposta da questão 8:
[B]
O pronome reto they refere-se às dolorosas reformas
(painful reforms).
Resposta da questão 9:
[B]
Inglês
7
O pronome pessoal it resgata, ao fazer referência, a
informação de que o autor do texto precisará para
participar da entrevista para a qual ele está sendo
convidado por telefone.
Resposta da questão 10:
[B]
Tradução do trecho: “Não há dúvida de que a
publicidade promove uma cultura de consumo e ajuda a
formar e perpetuar a ideologia que cria a aparente
necessidade para os produtos que ela [publicidade]
comercializa”.
8
Inglês
CASD Vestibulares