Ch 12 and 15 Review
McCulloch v.
Maryland
(1819)
Supreme Court case heard by the John Marshall led court.
The case centered around a state tax on the 2nd National
Bank of the U.S. The head of the Maryland branch,
McCullough, argued that as a national institution they were
not under the jurisdiction of a state tax and refused to pay it.
The state sued and the court’s opinion was that the state tax
was unconstitutional.
Gibbons v. Ogden
(1824)
Supreme Court case heard by the John Marshall led court.
The case centered around Thomas Gibbons wanting to utilize
his federal license to operate a steamboat from New York to
New Jersey. Aaron Ogden held a New York state license as
the monopoly on steamboat travel and sued Gibbons to stop
the competition. The court’s opinion stated the state law was
in conflict with the Constitution and was unconstitutional;
only Congress could regulate interstate commerce.
Monroe Doctrine
(1823)
Due to the growing revolutionary ideas in the Spanish
colonies of North and South America trying to win their
freedom, President James Monroe issued this during his
annual address to Congress in 1823. Monroe built on
Washington’s precedent of neutrality saying the U.S. would
oppose any attempt by Europe to establish new colonies or
to restore Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
Henry Clay engineered this compromise in Congress to help
ease the growing sectional tension over slavery. Missouri
wished to enter the union in 1820 as a slave state but the
Missouri Compromise northern states hoped to stop the expansion of slavery and
keep a balance of power in the Senate. So, they allowed the
(1820)
entrance of MO, added Maine as a free state to keep the
balance, and banned slavery in any new territory north of the
(36° 30’ N) parallel.
John Marshall
John C. Calhoun
Nominated as the Supreme Court Chief Justice by John
Adams in 1801, under the Judiciary Act of 1801. Involved
in many key landmark decisions including: Marbury v
Madison, McCullough v Maryland, and Gibbons v Ogden.
Decision in the Marbury case led to the growth in power of
the judicial branch by incorporating the principle of
judicial review. Decisions in the Gibbons and McCullough
case helped to grow the strength of the court and federal
government.
Congressman from South Carolina who was a War Hawk,
prior to the War of 1812. Was an advocate for Henry Clay’s
American System, especially for the internal improvements
on transportation.
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
Congressman from Kentucky who was a War Hawk, prior to the War of
1812. Proposed what became known as the American System which called
for: a 2nd national bank to unify the currency, a protective tariff to support
U.S. manufacturing, and government funded improvements to
transportation (like the Erie Canal). In 1820, he proposed the Missouri
Compromise to Congress.
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts; Successful lawyer who defended the
national bank and won its case against the state tax in McCullough v.
Maryland; defended Gibbons and won in the case dealing with interstate
commerce in Gibbons v. Ogden;
Founding
Documents
Revolution Events
ec. of Ind.
Marbury v. Madison=Judicial Review
exington
aratoga
rticles of
Confed.
Valley Forge
onstitution
Jamestown
orktown
-1st
G v. O =
Gibbons vs. Ogden Interstate trade
McC v. M = McCulloch vs. Maryland – Fed gov’t
supreme
DS vs. S =
perm. English settlement
New England
Mayflower Compact – 1st system of selfgov’t
Declaration of Independence – Freedom
from Englsih Rule
Middle
Colonies
Constitution –Replaced Article of Confed.
subsistence farming,
good soil,
warm climate
Long winters,
rocky soil,
timber,
fishing,
shipbuilding,
whaling
Louisiana Purchase – Doubled size of US
Southern
Colonies
Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system
Appalachian Mtns
US in 1783
Louisiana
Purchase
1803
Rocky Mtns.
Adams-Onis Treaty
(1819)
Florida
Adams-Onis Treaty
(1819)
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
James Monroe:
74. James
Monroe: 5th President & author of the Monroe
Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to
European expansion or interference.
John Quincy
Adams Sec. of
State
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
Industrial Revolution
75. Industrial
Revolution: industry changed from the
production of goods at home (cottage industry) to
factory production using powered machinery.
Boott Mill, Lowell Mass.
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
RobertFulton’s
Fulton
76. Robert
steamboat
improved
transportation of
goods and people
during the
Industrial
Revolution.
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
77. The Telegraph , invented in 1835 by Samuel Morse
(Morse Code), made communication more efficient across
great distances. It would become an important tool in the
North, during the Civil War.
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
78. Textile Mills
Thief: Samuel Slater
Importance:
Led to large-scale
factory production of
cloth through the
use of power looms.
Provided new job
opportunities for
young women.
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
79. Interchangeable
Parts
Inventor: Eli Whitney
Importance:
Allowed factories to
make products faster &
cheaper. Parts could
be replaced easily if
broken.
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
80. Cotton Gin - 1793
Inventor: Eli Whitney
Importance:
Allowed for fast
separation of cotton
from seeds, greatly
increasing profitability of
cotton. This made the
use of slavery on
plantations essential to
cotton farmers in the
South.
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
81. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 made slavery illegal
North of the 36° 30’ line. From 1820 to 1850, newly
admitted states above the line would be free states, while
new states below the line would be slave states.