CISC 1100 – Prof. Zhao–Spring 2011
Practice Final Exam Solutions
Note this practice exam is significantly longer than the actual exam. It is intended to help
you review all the material we have covered in class.
Relations and Functions
 Know the properties of a relation. Be able to determine if a
relation is reflexive, anti-reflexive, symmetric, anti-symmetric,
transitive or non-transitive.
Problem 1:
Determine each of the relations below defined on set Z (all
integers) is
reflexive, anti-reflexive or neither
symmetric, anti-symmetric or neither
transitive or non-transitive
 R≤: “smaller or equal to”
 Rd: “greater than”
 Ra: “adds up to 6”
(reflexive, anti-symmetric, transitive)
(anti-reflexive, anti-symmetric, transitive)
(neither, symmetric, non-transitive)
 Know the difference between relations and functions.
Problem 1: Given the relation A = {(5,2), (7,4), (9,10), (11, 20), (x, 5)}
Which of the following values for x will make relation A a function?
A.
B.
C.
D.
7
9
4
11
Answer: C
Problem 2: Which graph represents a function y = f(x)?
(A)
(B)
(C)
Answer: A
(D)
 Know how to evaluate a function, including composed functions.
Problem 1:
Given f (x) = 3x + 7, find f (5).
Problem 2:
Given f(x) = x+2, g(x) = (4x-1)
Compute f (g (2)), g(f(2)), f(f(1)), g(g(1))
Problem 3:
Given
Answer: 22
and
Answer: 9, 15, 5, 11
,
find
and
.
2
2
Answer: ( x  1) and x  1

Problem 4:
Given
,
find
, and
.
,
Answer: 4( x  2) 2
 Know how to find inverse of a given function
Problem 1:
Find the inverse for the function y = 2x - 12.
Answer: y=(x+12)/2
Problem 2:
Find the inverse for the function y = 2(x – 12).
Answer: y=x/2 + 12
Problem 3:
Find the inverse for the function
Answer: y= 3 x  2
Problem 4:
Using composition of functions, show that
f (x) = 2x - 3 and g(x) = 0.5x + 1.5 are inverse functions.
Answer :
Problem 5:
need to show both f(g(x)) = x and g(f(x)) = x
f(g(x)) = 2(0.5x+1.5) – 3 = x + 3 – 3 = x
g(f(x)) = 0.5(2x-3) + 1.5 = x – 1.5 + 1.5 = x
Therefore, f, and g are inverse to each other.
What is value for
A.
B.
C.
D.
25
5
10
Can’t be determined
Answer: B
Counting
 Be fluent with addition principle and multiplication principle.
They are the foundation of all of our counting problems. The
problems are paired up on purpose. Try to feel the difference
between addition and multiplication principles.
Problem 1:
Suppose there are 15 boys and 12 girls in a class. How many ways
can you select one person to check attendance? 15+12 = 27
Problem 2:
Suppose there are 15 boys and 12 girls in a class. We need to select
one boy and one girl to host a performance show. How many
possible selections are there?
15x12 = 180
Problem 3:
A man has 3 different suits, 4 different shirts and 5 different pairs
of shoes. In how many different ways can this man wear a suit, a
shirt and a pair of shoes?
3x4x5 = 60
Problem 4:
A man has 3 white short sleeve shirts, 4 blue short sleeve shirts,
and 5 long sleeve shirts. In how many different ways can he
choose to wear a shirt?
3+4+5 = 12
Problem 5:
A person is traveling from city A to city B. There are 8 ways to
take buses, 5 ways to drive, and 2 ways to take a train, 1 way to
fly. How many choices does he have to travel from A to B.
8+5+2+1=16
Probl em 6:
A person is traveling from city A to city C. But there is no direct
route from A to C. He must first get to city B, then to city C. There
are 8 ways to go from A to B, 5 ways to go from B to C. How
many choices does he have to travel from A to C.
8x5 =40
 Know how to compute P(n, r), C(n, r). Know how to use
permutation and combination to solve two special kinds of
counting problems (i.e. reuse objects? Order or objects?).
The problems are paired up on purpose. Try to feel the difference
between permutation problems and combination problems.
Problem 1:
Compute P(10, 5), P(59, 2), P(8,8)
Problem 2:
Compute C(10, 5), C(59, 2), C(8,8)
Problem 3:
You have 5 book and you want to put 3 of them onto the shelf. In
how many different ways could you arrange them? P(5,3) = 60
Problem 4:
You have 5 books, you want to choose 3 of them to read. In how
many different ways could you choose? C(5,3) = 10
Problem 5:
How many ways can you pick 3 dessert out of a menu of 10?
C(10, 3) = 120
Problem 6:
How many ways can a restaurant offer 3 favorite dessert with order
of preference out of a menu of 10?
P(10,3) = 720
 Be able to use combined counting skills to solve more complicated
problems.
Problem 1:
Assuming that any arrangement of letters forms a 'word', how
many 'words' of any length can be formed from the letters of the
word SQUARE? (No repeating of letters)
Answer: P(6,6) + P(6,5)+P(6,4)+P(6,3) + P(6,2)+P(6,1)
Problem 2:
How many distinguishable ways are there to arrange the letters in
the word “ MISSISSIPPI ”?
Answer: 11!/ ( 4!*4!*2!) = 34,650
Probability
 Use definition of probability and counting techniques to solve
problems.
Problem 1:
If you flip a fair coin 3 times,
What’s the probability of getting exactly one head?
What’s the probability of getting exactly two heads?
What’s the probability of getting at least one head?
Problem 2:
3/8
3/8
1-1/8 =7/8
A die is rolled, find the probability that the number obtained is
greater than 4.
2/6 = 1/3
 Understand disjoint and independent events. Use addition rule
and multiplication rule to solve problems.
Problem 1:
A box contains 8 red marbles, 4 white marbles, and 12 black
marbles. A marble is drawn at random, what is the chance of
getting a red or black marble?
Answer:
Problem 2:
+
=
=
Carlos plays college soccer. He makes a goal 65% of the time he
shoots. If Carlos is going to attempt two goals in the next game.
What’s the probability Carlos makes one of the goals?
0.65*0.35 + 0.35*0.65 = 0.455
What’s the probability Carlos makes both goals?
0.65*0.65 = 0.4225
What’s the probability Carlos makes at least one goal?
1-0.35*0.35 = 0.8775
What’s the probability Carlos makes no goals?
0.35*0.35 = 0.1225
Problem 3:
You have one standard 6-sided die. You roll it 3 times and record
the results.
How many possible outcomes are there?
6x6x6 = 216
What is the probability that you get all 6’s ?
1/6 *1/6*1/6 = 1/216
What is the probability that you get exactly two 6’s?
5/6*1/6*1/6 + 1/6*5/6*1/6+1/6*1/6*5/6 = 15/216
 Understand the concept of expected value. Be able to determine a
fair price for a probability game.
Problem 1:
500 tickets for prizes are sold for $2 each. Five prizes will be
awarded – one for $300, one for $200, and three for $50. Steven
purchases one of the tickets. What is the expected value of his
ticket?
300x(1/500 )+ 200*(1/500) + 50*(3/500) = 650/500 = $1.3
Algorithms
Problem 1:
A)
B)
We want to sort (3, 5, 1, 9, 2) into ascending order
How many comparisons are there if we use the following BubbleSort
algorithm? Show your steps.
( 4+3+2+1 = 10)
If we use the following MergeSort algorithm, how many times the
function merge(l1; l2) will be invoked?
(merge will be called 4 times)
BubbleSort Algorithm
Repeat as i varies from n down to 2
Repeat as j varies from 1 to i - 1
3 If lj > lj+1 swap lj with lj+1
1
2
Note. First Repeat loop spans both line 2 &3
MergeSort Algorithm
function mergesort(L)
1 if L has one element then return(L); otherwise continue
2 l1 = mergesort(left half of L)
3 l2 = mergesort(right half of L)
4 L = merge(l1; l2)
5 return(L)
G
Problem 2:
7 positive integers are stored in an ascending order:
2
5 10 15 40
48 60
If we want to write an algorithm to locate the position of a given
number, e.g. position(5) = 2

What searching algorithm would you choose?
Answer: Binary Search

Give an example of the worst case scenario of your
algorithm and specify how many comparisons does it need
to locate the number.
Answer: first number (2 in the example) is always one
of the hardest ones to locate in binary search. In this
example, It will take 3 comparisons.