Virginia Department of Education
Module Four
Using a Space Management
System While Interacting with
Traffic
1
Virginia Department of Education
Module Four
Using a Space Management System While Interacting
with Traffic
Topic 1
Assessing and Managing Risk
Topic 2
Components of a Space Management System
Topic 3
Using the SEEiT Space Management System
Topic 4
Moving the Vehicle
Topic 5
Turnabouts and Parking
2
What is Risk?
Driving Risk is the potential that a chosen
action (e.g., speeding, texting, etc.,) may lead to
an undesirable outcome.
Choices have Consequences
3
Assessing and Managing Risk
To properly assess a specific
risk, you need to have some
idea of the potential
outcomes.
For example, if you are a distracted
driver, your potential for being
involved in a crash increases 4 to 9
times. (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
2008)
4
What is Risk Assessment?
Drivers must have the ability to:
• Identify a potentially dangerous situation
• Prepare to take action to avoid a conflict
• Consider your options and the potential
consequences of your actions
5
Consequences of Risky Driving Behaviors
Taking unnecessary risks may result in property
damage, injury or death, and other losses
• Injury to you or others - permanent or life-threatening,
• Damage to personal property, and
• Loss such as financial loss, loss of license, loss of
convenience, loss of time, and other losses.
6
Teen Crash Statistics in the USA
• Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for teens,
accounting for more than one in three deaths in this age group
• Approximately nine teenagers, (ages 16 to 19) died every day
from motor vehicle injuries
• Per mile driven, teen drivers ages 16 to 19 are four times more
likely than older drivers to crash
What can YOU DO to change these statistics?
7
Consequences of Risk-Taking Behaviors
Young drivers take more risks than other drivers
Virginia data for 2011
• 1 crash every 4.36 minutes
• 2.09 lives lost per day because of traffic crashes
• 174 persons injured per day because of traffic
crashes
• 1 out of 25.39 licensed drivers are involved in a
crash
• Some drivers NEVER have a crash!
8
Risk-Taking Behaviors Cause Crashes
Very often drivers actually create the high risk situations they
become involved in!
• Speeding is the number one cause of crashes in Virginia
Speeding is driving above the posted speed or driving too fast
for conditions
Do speed limits improve
public safety?
9
Assessing and Managing Risk
• Failure to Yield Right of Way is the second leading cause of
crashes in Virginia
• Right of way is when a driver or pedestrian is allowed to
proceed first at an intersection, merging roadway, private
driveway, etc.
A driver cannot “take”
right of way, it must be
given by another driver
10
Assessing and Managing Risk
• Driving While Intoxicated is the third leading cause of crashes in
Virginia
• In Virginia, 245 persons were killed in alcohol-related crashes in
2011.
Why are young drivers who consume alcohol at much
greater risk of being involved in crashes?
11
Assessing and Managing Risk
Disregarding a traffic
sign or signal is the
fourth leading cause of
crashes in Virginia
12
Assessing and Managing Risk
Factors Contributing to Risk
Following Too Closely is the fifth leading cause of crashes in
Virginia. You will not crash if you have space -- space is time –
time to steer or brake to avoid a hazard
Why do young drivers tend
to leave shorter following
distances than older
drivers?
13
Assessing and Managing Risk
Other Driver Actions Contributing to Crashes
• Improper Turns — Examples of improper turns would be
turning wide in a right turn or cutting corners on left turns
• Unsafe Passing — This involves
illegal passing or passing without
sufficient clearance
• A lack of driving experience and
risk-taking
14
Condition of the Vehicle
Factors such as worn or bald
tires, poorly adjusted and/or
worn brakes, broken headlights,
worn windshield wiper blades,
dirty windshield, etc., are all risk
factors increasing the possibility
of a crash
15
Roads and the Environment
Roadway construction and
maintenance
• Road designs that restrict vision, such
as intersections, hills and sharp curves
• Weather conditions, such as bright
sun glare and shadows, wet slippery
roads
• Road surface that affects traction,
such as wet, ice, snow, gravel, dirt, etc.
16
Assessing and Managing Risk
Risk is always present…
• Never risk more than you can afford to lose
• Do not risk a lot for a little
• Consider the odds and your situation
17
Tools to Reduce Driving Risks
1. Communicate
2. Change Speed and/or
3. Change Position
18
Communicate
Signal – lights or hand signals (turning, backing,
hazards, warning)
• brake light (flash, slowing, stopping)
• lane position (intent to change lanes or turn,
hazard in lane ahead)
• horn (warn, get someone’s attention)
• head lights (to see and be seen, to warn others)
19
Change Speed
Your options are to maintain, increase or
decrease speed if:
•
•
•
•
path of travel is open
path of travel is changing
path of travel is closing
path of travel is closed
20
Change Position or Direction
It is quicker to change position
than to stop, so you always need
to know what space is available to:
• move to a different lane position to
gain more space
• change lanes
• turn onto another street
21
Assessing and Managing Risk
How Much Risk is Acceptable?
• Drivers need visibility, space, and time to avoid conflicts and
perform safe driving maneuvers
• Good seeing habits and the ability to manage space on the
roadway are essential ingredients for low-risk driving
• Developing space management HABITS can reduce driving risks
22
Process for Managing the Driving
Environment
SEEiT
• Search for problems
• Evaluate options
• Execute decisions in
• Time
23
Safe Driving on the “Habit Level”
Practicing safe driving procedures until little
thought is required to perform with skill and
precision
Is it true that practice makes perfect? - No
Perfect practice makes perfect!
24
What do they all have in common?
25
Do YOU Have These Good Habits?
• Plan ahead and leave early
• Prepare yourself and the vehicle
• Perform smooth gradual starts and stops
• Consistently use reference points to determine vehicle
placement
• Establish visual targets in your path of travel
• When you apply your foot to the brake or accelerator, you
check the rearview mirror
26
Do YOU Have These Good Habits?
• Prior to moving to the left or right, you check side view mirror and
mirror blind spot
• You always strive to maintain a four-second following interval from
the vehicle in front to create space and protect yourself to the front
and rear from unsafe actions of other drivers
• When stopped behind a vehicle, you leave space to move around the
stopped vehicle in case of an emergency or rear-end crash
27
Do YOU Have These Good Habits?
• Visually target to the end of the path of travel
• When approaching a light, you adjust speed to time your arrival
to the green light or stop
• Prior to entering an intersection, you check front, left, and right
zones, and back to the front and left again
• Reduce stress by being courteous rather than competitive while
driving
• Minimize distractions
28
What is a Space Management System?
Assess, Action Step, Evaluate
• A space management system helps drivers organize
information into meaningful categories so decisions can be
made easily and quickly
• Drivers must evaluate potential risk using the principles of
probability (will it happen?) and consequence (what will be
gained or lost?)
29
Managing the Space Around Your Vehicle
Drivers must manage all six zones around the vehicle, and
adjust position to maintain a safe margin of space that
provides room to steer in an emergency
3
Right-Front Zone
Front Zone
1
2
Left-Front Zone
Right-Rear Zone
5
Rear Zone
Left-Rear Zone
6
4
30
Open, Closed and Changing Zones
• A Zone can be OPEN, CLOSED or
CHANGING
• OPEN — An open zone is a space where
you can drive without restriction
• CLOSED — The space or area is not
available in the vehicle’s path of travel
• CHANGING — An open zone changes to
a closed zone or a closed zone becomes
an open zone
31
Using a Space Management System
Closed
ZONE
Right-Rear Zone
Changing ZONE
Check Rear
Open ZONE
Check Side
Evaluate your options and then take action
OPEN — this zone that has no restrictions to the line of sight or path of travel.
CLOSED — this zone not available
CHANGING — it was an open zone that is changing to a closed zone.
32
Controlling Space
Drivers have the most control over the space directly in front
of the vehicle
2-Second - Following Distance is effective at speeds under 35 mph
3-Second - Following Distance may provide enough time for evasive
steering maneuver on dry surfaces or to brake at speeds up to 45 mph
4-Second - Following Distance provides time to steer out of a problem on
dry surfaces and brake out of a problem at speeds up to 70 mph
33
Measuring Your Following Distance
Begin counting when rear of the
vehicle ahead passes a fixed
object
one-thousand-one onethousand-two one-thousandthree, and…
34
Measuring Your Following Distance
ESTABLISH FOLLOWING DISTANCE
when you reach the fixed object
one-thousand-four
35
Increase Following Distance When
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Visibility is limited
Traction is limited
Number of visual and mental tasks increases
being tailgated
line of sight restriction
path of travel restriction
carrying a heavy load or pulling a trailer
learning to drive
36
Stopping Behind Another Vehicle
Why do you stop in a position that you can see the
rear tires of the vehicle in front?
See tires
37
Space Management for Intersections
When the light turns green, does that mean you can
move into the intersection?
38
Managing the Space to the Rear
Check rearview mirrors:
• Regularly
• Before and while braking
• While stopped in traffic
• Before and after making turns
• Before and after a lane change
Can you control the space behind you?
39
Managing the Space to the Sides
• Strive to keep one of the side zones
open
• Respond to an oncoming vehicle by
slightly adjusting lane position to
increase space between your vehicle
and the oncoming vehicle
• Adjust lane position to increase
space between your vehicle and
parked cars, bicyclists, pedestrians,
etc.
40
Judging Gaps in Traffic
In order to judge a gap you need to be able to judge speed,
time and distance while moving. This is a very difficult skill for
novice drivers.
• Why is a vehicle approaching from the left most hazardous?
• Why is a larger gap needed for a right turn than to cross an
intersection?
• Why is a left turn more dangerous than a right turn?
41
Judging Gaps from a Stopped Position
Traffic is moving at 30 mph
• 5-6 seconds to cross a two lane roadway (vehicles need to be at least a
block away)
• 7-8 seconds to cross a four lane intersection
• 7-8 seconds to turn left (vehicles need to be more than a block away or
length of a football field)
• 6-7 seconds to turn right (vehicles need to be at least a block away)
• 4-6 second gap to change lanes into traffic from parked position
42
Component of a Space Management Systems
Perception/Reaction/Response Time
Perception Time
Reaction Time
Time it takes to identify a
risk
Time it takes to respond
with accelerator, brake, or
steering
Average perception time
varies with the
circumstances
Average reaction time is
¾ second
Response Time
Total time it takes to
complete the action
43
Factors Affecting Response Time
• Distractions
• Inattention
• Poor Visibility
• Line of Sight
Restrictions
• Fatigue
• Medications
• Alcohol
• Illness
• Age
• Talking on Cell
Phone
• Others?
44
Calculating Speed & Distance Traveled
Formula to calculate feet per second for each MPH of speed
A vehicle will travel 1.467 (rounded up to 1.5) feet per second for
each mph of speed
40 mph x 1.5 = 60 feet per second
60 mph x 1.5 = 90 feet per second
80 mph x 1.5 = 120 feet per second
45
Calculating Feet Per Second for Every MPH
Simplified Formula to calculate feet per second for
each MPH of speed
Take the speed, divide by two, add the answer to the speed. Examples:
40 mph ÷ 2 = 20 + 40 = 60 feet per second
60 mph ÷ 2 = 30 + 60 = 90 feet per second
80 mph ÷ 2 = 40 + 80 = 120 feet per second
A football field is 300 feet in length.
Calculate how long it will take a vehicle traveling 40 mph, 50 mph, and 60
mph to cover the length of the football field.
46
Virginia’s Space Management System
SEE iT!
• Search
• Evaluate
• Execute
in Time
47
Virginia Space Management System
SEEiT
•
Search— the entire scene in your line of sight/path of travel
for potential risks, and if during your search you identify a
risk you
•
Evaluate —it by determining if and where possible points of
conflict may occur, and then
•
Execute —your decision as how to best manage the risk by
adjusting speed and/or position
•
in Time – to avoid the conflict
48
Search in SEEiT
• Know when, where and what to look for
• Search far ahead, to the sides, to the rear
• Search for clues: intersections, brake lights, warning signs,
traffic lights, other vehicles, pedestrians, animals, parked
cars, etc.,
• Search for changes in front wheels of other vehicles,
movement from the side, etc.
49
Search in SEEiT
• Search intersections, crosswalks, shopping centers, parking
lots, construction areas and playgrounds
• When driving in rural areas search for hidden intersections
and driveways, curves, hills and varying road conditions
• Search for trucks and other oversized vehicles, as well as slow
moving farm vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, etc.
50
Search
Search at least 20-30 seconds
ahead to your target area
which allows
• time to identify and evaluate
potential problems
• time to execute your plan (adjust
position, speed)
51
Searching and Time
Is there a potential for conflict in the example below?
You are the driver of the red car traveling at 55mph.
• The motorcyclist is traveling at 50mph.
• The blue car is traveling at 60mph.
• The search process consists of the three ranges:
- 4 to 8-second range—Immediate Action Required!
- 12 to 15-second range— look for Escape Routes
- 20 to 30 second range—Search for open path of travel
20 to 30
seconds
12 to 15
seconds
4 to 8
seconds
52
Evaluate
• Gives meaning to your search
• Identifies where the possible points of
conflict may occur
• Determines how the conflict may affect
you if it does happen
53
Evaluating Risk in the Driving Environment
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Is the traffic light a stale green light?
Will the zone I’m entering be open or closed?
What lane position is the safest?
What is the other driver going to do?
Is the driver texting?
Is there more than one way to manage this risk?
Where will the point of conflict occur?
54
Evaluating Risk in the Driving Environment
• Where is the escape route?
• Will someone run the light?
• Will a pedestrian enter the roadway?
• Is there sufficient traction available?
• Is the driver in the vehicle behind me paying
attention?
• Will a door of one of these parked cars open?
• Will a squirrel or deer run onto the road?
55
Execute in Time
• You identified a possible conflict developing between you and the blue car
• This conflict will happen because the blue car traveling 60 mph is going
faster than the motorcycle which is traveling at 50 mph
• The blue car may cross into your path of travel to overtake the motorcycle
What would you do in this situation?
56
Virginia Space Management System
Execute In Time!
• As the lane change occurred you had two options:
• slow down and allow the blue car to proceed into zone 1
• or change your position and move into the open zone 2
57
Execute in Time
Without proper searching, evaluating
(decision making skills), you may execute the
wrong decision
58
Topic 4 – Moving the Vehicle
•
•
•
•
•
•
Making Proper Adjustments
Moving Straight Forward
Moving Straight Back
Backing and Turning
Entering the Roadway
Pulling to the Curb
59
Before You Move the Vehicle
•
•
•
•
•
•
Making Proper Adjustments
Seat
Steering Wheel
Head Restraints
Mirrors
Safety Belts
60
Before You Move the Vehicle
• Start the engine with right foot on brake
• Check instrument panel
• Adjust accessories (HVAC/sound system,
etc.)
• Select proper gear
• Release parking brake
• Signal
• Check traffic
61
Moving Straight Forward
• With right foot on brake and hands at 8 o’clock
and 4 o’clock
• Select Drive gear
• Select a target
• Recheck traffic
• Take foot off brake (do not accelerate)
• Straighten wheels if necessary
• Move straight towards target
• Accelerate slowly
• Brake as you approach the target
62
Backing
Many new driver’s first “fender bender” is
a backing collision!
63
Reducing Risk When Backing
The rear “Foot Print” is the area behind the vehicle that the
driver cannot see
The foot print for each of the vehicles below is illustrated by
the “pink” areas
Why are these foot prints
different for different
vehicles?
64
Reduced Risk Backing Strategies
Do you believe that the driver cannot see these
children from the driver’s seat?
65
Moving Straight Back
• Make proper adjustments
• Start the vehicle with foot on the brake
• Shift to reverse
• Assume the straight backing position
Backing
• Left hand at 12 o’clock
• Looking over right shoulder
66
Backing Straight
• Check traffic to front, sides and rear
• Select a target
• Gradually release brake pressure
Backing
• Move slowly
• Accelerate gradually
• Cover the brake when needed
67
Backing & Turning
• Signal
• Readjust seat position according to direction that
you turn wheel
• Right Side/Left Side
• Establish visual target
• Use reference points to determine when to start
turning steering wheel
• Turn the wheel in the direction you want the back
of the vehicle to go
• Monitor “swing” of front of vehicle
68
Entering Roadway Tasks
• Review pre-drive tasks
Check Left
Check
Ahead
• Start the vehicle
• Shift to drive
• Release park brake
• Check traffic and signal
• Move to first available lane by
• Targeting center lane Position 1
• Cancel Signal
Check Over
Shoulder
• Accelerate gradually to the flow of traffic
Check Mirror
69
Moving to Curb/Side of Road
Check Ahead
•
Check traffic
•
Signal intentions
•
Visually target destination
•
Use reference points to position vehicle 6
– 12 inches from curb
•
Secure the vehicle
Check Over
Shoulder
Check
Behind
Check
Mirror
70
Turnabouts
If you miss an address or building and you do not have the
option of driving around the block…
• Types of Turnabouts
• Two-point turn:
• Pull into driveway on right side
• Pull into driveway on left side
• Three-point turn
• U-turn
• Midblock
• At an intersection
71
Turnabouts
Minimize risk by:
• being sure local laws permit a turnabout — look for any signs prohibiting
the turn
• making sure you have at least 500 feet of visibility in each direction
• being sure you have enough space and time to complete the turn safely
• never making a turnabout near or on hills and curves
• checking continually for other traffic and pedestrians — check all zones
around your vehicle
NO
U
Turns
NO
LEFT
Turns
72
Two-Point Turnabouts
Backing into driveway on the right side
One method is to back into a driveway on the
right side
1
1. Check traffic flow
Signal, and position yourself 2-3 feet from curb
Drive beyond the driveway and stop ; shift to
reverse, monitor intended path
2. Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly to the
right as you enter driveway
Straighten wheels, centering car in driveway and
stop with the wheels straight
2
3
3. Signal left and exit driveway when the way is
clear
73
Two-Point Turnabouts
Pulling into driveway on the left side
1. Check traffic flow
• Signal and position your vehicle to 3-6
inches from center yellow line
• When traffic is clear, drive into the
driveway and stop
• Shift to reverse, monitor intended path
2. Back slowly, turning steering wheel rapidly
to the right as you exit driveway
• Straighten wheels, centering car in
roadway
3. Shift into drive - Check traffic and
accelerate to normal speed
1
2
3
74
Three-Point Turnabouts
2
4
1
3
5
• Three-point turns are also called Y-turns, and are an option if
no driveway is available, traffic is light, you cannot drive around
the block, or the available space prevents a U-turn
This is the most dangerous turnabout!
75
Three-Point Turnabouts
Three-Point Turn
2
1
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
Stop close to the right edge or curb
• Search for a 20- to 30-second gap, signal a left turn
Move slowly forward while turning the steering wheel rapidly to the left
• when the front wheels are almost to the curb, stop — Check traffic left
and right
Shift the vehicle into reverse and, while slowly backing up, turn the wheel to
the right
Shift into drive — Check traffic — Signal your intent and accelerate to
normal speed
76
U-Turn Turnabouts
Mid-Block U-Turn
2
4
1
3
5
• Make sure local and state law permits this type of turnabout
• A midblock U-turns require a wide space
• This is a high-risk turnabout
77
U-Turn Turnabouts
U-Turn at an Intersection
• When making a U-turn at an
intersection, begin the U-turn in
the left lane closest the center
line or median
1
5
• Complete the turn in the lane
farthest to the right in the
opposite flow of traffic, and
accelerate to the appropriate
speed
78
Parking Strategies
•
Look for a parking space with enough room for entering and exiting easily
•
Observe and follow all signs, laws, pavement markings
•
Look for vehicles exiting parking spaces
•
Avoid spaces at the end of parking lanes where being hit is more likely
•
Avoid spaces near a large vehicle that block your vision when existing and
other people’s ability to see you
•
Avoid spaces with a poorly parked vehicle on either side
79
No Parking!
Parking is NOT allowed
• Beside another parked vehicle (double parking)
• On crosswalks or sidewalks
• In front of driveways
• Next to painted yellow curbs or no parking signs
• In a parking space reserved for disabled persons
• On the hard surface of a road when no curb is present
80
No Parking!
• Within 20 feet of an intersection
• Within 15 feet of the entrance to a fire, ambulance or
Rescue squad station
• Within 500 feet of where fire trucks or equipment are
stopped answering an alarm
• Within 50 feet of a railroad crossing
• Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant
81
Angle Parking
Parking diagonally to the curb
1. Signal intention, position vehicle three to four feet
away from the space
2. Move forward until side view mirror appears to
align with the first pavement line
3. Visually target the middle of the space and move
slowly turning the wheel sharply
4. Once front enters space, gradually begin
unwinding the steering wheel while monitoring
the vehicles parked on either side
82
Exiting Angle Parking Space
1. Place foot on brake, signal intention, shift
to reverse, search path of travel
•
Back until your vehicle’s front seat is even
with the back of the space, and begin
turning the steering wheel in the direction
you want the rear to go
•
Constantly monitor the front bumper on
the opposite side of the direction you are
turning
2. Back into the closest lane; shift to drive
and move forward
83
Don’t Develop These Bad Habits
• Failure to check traffic to the rear
• Forgetting to signal
• Parking too close to the line
• Speed too fast
• Steering insufficient or moving wheel too slowly
• Failure to target to center of the parking space
• Not using forward reference point and hitting curb
• Forgetting to straighten wheels at the end
• Parking too close to other vehicles
• Forgetting to set the parking brake
84
Perpendicular Parking - Entering
1. Signal intention and position the vehicle
five to six feet away from the space
2. Move forward until the side mirror appears
to align with the first line of the space
3. Turn the wheel rapidly in the direction of
the space controlling speed
5. Position the front bumper three to six
inches from the curb or end of the space
target
4. Steer towards a target in center of the
space and straighten the wheels
85
Perpendicular Parking - Exiting
• Place foot on brake, signal direction of turn,
shift to reverse, search area to the rear/sides
• Back until your side mirror is even with the
bumper of the vehicle located to the side, begin
turning the steering wheel in the direction you
want to go
• Monitor the rear and your front bumper on the
opposite side of the direction you are turning
• When the front bumper clears the back of the
vehicle, stop, and shift to Drive
86
Parallel Parking on a Two-Way Street
STEP 1
•
Select a space that is at least five feet longer than
your vehicle
Flash your brake lights , put on your turn signal as
you approach the space, and monitor rear traffic
•
Place your vehicle approximately three feet from
the vehicle you want to park behind, aligning your
rear bumper with the other vehicle's bumper
•
Put the vehicle into reverse and turn the wheels all
the way to the right
87
Parallel Parking on a Two-Way Street
STEP 2
•
Slowly back up until you are at a 45-degree angle using
your side view mirror, back until you can see the
headlight closest to the curb of the vehicle behind to
establish the 45-degree angle
•
Stop
88
Parallel Parking on a Two-Way Street
Step 3
• Turn the wheels all the way to
the left
• Slowly back up monitoring
the right front fender until
you are parallel with and
within 12 inches of the curb.
89
Parallel Parking – Exiting the Space
•
•
•
•
•
Back-up as far as you can go without touching the
vehicle behind and signal
Turn your wheels all the way to the left and shift
to Drive
Check traffic and make sure your right front fender
will clear the rear of the vehicle in front of you
Turn wheels slowly to the right when your side
view mirror aligns with the bumper of the vehicle
ahead
Select target in your path of travel and gently
accelerate
90
Parking on a Hill - Facing Downhill
Downhill
Parking
Parking with or without a curb
•
Position your vehicle 6” from the curb
•
Let the car move slowly forward while turning the
steering wheel sharply to the right until the right
front tire rests against the curb
•
Shift into “P” (Park) if your vehicle is equipped with
an automatic transmission or into REVERSE gear for
a manual transmission
•
Engage the parking brake
91
Parking on a Hill – Uphill with No Curb
Parking Uphill
1. Drive as far off the roadway onto the
shoulder as possible and stop
with NO Curb
2. Turn wheels away from traffic
3. Shift into “P” (Park) automatic
transmission, or into FIRST gear for a
manual transmission
4. Engage the parking brake
92
Parking Uphill – With a Curb
Uphill Parking
1.
Position your vehicle 6” from the curb and stop
2.
Turn your steering wheel away from curb and let
the vehicle move slowly back until the back of
the front tire touches the curb
3.
Shift into “P” (Park) if your vehicle is equipped
with an automatic transmission or FIRST with a
manual transmission
4.
Engage the parking brake
with a Curb
93
Parking Lot Strategies
• Obey speed limits
• Obey the signs and pavement markings
• Do not drive diagonally across parking
lot lane markings
• Be alert for pedestrians, bicyclists,
roller-bladders and skateboarders
• Avoid tight parking spaces
• Avoid competing for a parking space
94
Parking Lot Strategies
• Park so the front and rear of vehicle is not in the flow of
traffic
• Position the vehicle properly in the space
• Secure parking brake
• Secure the vehicle, locking valuables in the trunk
• Search all directions before exiting the parking space
• Watch for drivers backing who may not see vehicles to the
rear
95
Parking Garage Strategies
• Watch for backup lights
• Observe and follow all signs
• Stay to the right
• Use headlights
• Be aware of people in and around
the garage
96
Parking Garage Strategies
• When entering the parking garage, be aware of your
surroundings, approach the vehicle with key in hand,
look around and in the vehicle for unwanted
passengers
• Drive slowly and watch for pedestrians
97
Handicapped Parking
• Vehicles displaying this symbol on their license
plate or in the car on a special card may park in
handicapped spaces
• Non-handicapped drivers are prohibited from
parking in handicapped parking areas and may
be fined ($100 +) for violations
98