Name:
Chemical Reactions
Year 11 Science
Ruawai College 2014
This Ions Table is here to help you write ionic compounds.
+1
+2
+3
+
2+
NH4
Ca
Al3+
ammonium
calcium
aluminium
+
2+
Na
Mg
Fe3+
sodium
magnesium
Iron (lll)
+
2+
K
Cu
potassium
copper
+
Ag
Pb2+
Silver
lead
H+
hydrogen
Li+
lithium
-3
PO43phosphate
-2
O2oxide
S2sulfide
CO32carbonate
SO42sulfate
Fe2+
Iron (ll)
Ba2+
barium
Zn2+
zinc
-1
OHhydroxide
Clchloride
NO3nitrate
HCO3Hydrogen
carbonate
CH3COOethanoate
A chemical reaction occurs when chemicals are mixed and different chemicals are formed.
Chemical reactions can be described by word equations or symbol equations.
Symbol equations use chemical formulae and are balanced to show how many atoms and
ions are involved in the reaction. In a balanced equation there is the same number of each
type of atom on each side of the chemical equation.
Most chemical formulae can be derived by using a table of ions.
There are some other chemical names you should know.
Name
Formula
Name
Formula
Water
H2O
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Carbon dioxide
CO2
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Sulfur dioxide
SO2
Nitric acid
HNO3
Sulfur trioxide
SO3
Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
Nitrogen dioxide
NO2
Ammonia
NH3
All chemical equations are written in the form:
reactants
(starting materials)

products
(what is produced)
Chemical Reactions
reactants

products
metal
+
oxygen

metal oxide
magnesium
+
oxygen

magnesium oxide
(word equation)
Mg
+
O2

MgO
(unbalanced)
2Mg
+
O2

2 MgO
(balanced)
(general word equation)
Key Questions:
1.
What is the general word equation for the chemical reaction?
2.
What is the word equation for the chemical reaction?
3.
What are the reactants in the chemical reaction above?
4.
What is the product in the chemical reaction above?
5.
When a metal reacts with oxygen what is the product?
6.
What is the product when magnesium reacts with oxygen?
7.
What is the formula of magnesium?
8.
What is the formula of oxygen?
9.
What is the formula of magnesium oxide?
10.
What makes the unbalanced equation unbalanced?
11.
What makes the balanced equation balanced?
12.
Why is the formula for magnesium oxide MgO? (hint: use the ions table)
+
oxygen

copper oxide
Cu
+
O2

CuO
unbalanced
2Cu
+
O2

2 CuO
balanced
copper
Key Questions:
12.
What is the product when copper reacts with oxygen?
13.
What is the formula of copper?
14.
What is the formula of oxygen?
15.
What is the formula of copper oxide?
16.
What makes the unbalanced equation unbalanced?
17.
What makes the balanced equation balanced?
18.
Why is the formula for magnesium oxide CuO? (hint: use the ions table)
Exercises:
19.
What is formed when calcium reacts with oxygen?
20.
Write a word equation for the reaction of calcium and oxygen.
21.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of calcium and oxygen (and balance)
22.
What is formed when sodium reacts with oxygen?
23.
Write a word equation for the reaction of sodium and oxygen.
24.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of sodium and oxygen
25.
What is formed when zinc reacts with oxygen?
26.
Write a word equation for the reaction of zinc and oxygen.
27.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of zinc and oxygen (and balance)
28.
What is formed when lead reacts with oxygen?
29.
Write a word equation for the reaction of lead and oxygen.
30.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of lead and oxygen (and balance)
(and balance)
reactants

products
metal
+
acid

hydrogen
+
metal salt
magnesium
+
hydrochloric
acid

hydrogen
+
magnesium
chloride
Mg
+
HCl

H2
+
MgCl2
unbalanced
Mg
+
2HCl

H2
+
MgCl2
balanced
Key Questions:
31.
When a metal reacts with an acid what are the products?
32.
What are the products when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
33.
What is the formula of magnesium?
34.
What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?
35.
What is the formula of hydrogen?
36.
What is the formula of magnesium chloride?
37.
What makes the unbalanced equation unbalanced?
38.
What makes the balanced equation balanced?
39.
Why is the formula for magnesium chloride MgCl2? (hint: use the ions table)
+
hydrochloric
acid

Zn
+
HCl

H2
+
MgCl2
unbalanced
Zn
+
2HCl

H2
+
MgCl2
balanced
zinc
hydrogen
+
magnesium
chloride
Key Questions:
40.
What are the products when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid?
41.
What is the formula of zinc?
42.
What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?
43.
What is the formula of hydrogen?
44.
What is the formula of zinc chloride?
45.
What makes the unbalanced equation unbalanced?
46.
What makes the balanced equation balanced?
47.
Why is the formula for magnesium chloride ZnCl2? (hint: use the ions table)
Exercises:
48.
What is formed when calcium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
49.
Write a word equation for the reaction of calcium and hydrochloric acid.
50.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of calcium and hydrochloric acid (and
balance)
51.
Write a word equation for the reaction of sodium and hydrochloric acid.
52.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction and sodium and hydrochloric acid
(and balance).

hydrogen
+
metal chloride
acid

hydrogen
+
metal nitrate
sulfuric acid

hydrogen
+
metal sulfate
calcium + hydrochloric acid

hydrogen
+
calcium chloride
Ca

H2
+
CaCl2
calcium + nitric acid

hydrogen
+
calcium nitrate
Ca

H2
+
Ca(NO3)2
calcium + sulfuric acid

hydrogen
+
calcium sulfate
Ca

H2
+
CaSO4
metal
+
hydrochloric
metal
+
nitric
metal
+
+
+
+
2HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
acid
Key Questions:
53.
What type of salt is formed when a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid?
54.
What type of salt is formed when a metal reacts with nitric acid?
55.
What type of salt is formed when a metal reacts with sulfuric acid?
56.
Why is the formula for calcium chloride CaCl2?
57.
Why is the formula for calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2?
58.
Why is the formula for calcium sulfate CaSO4?
Exercises:
59.
Write a word equation for the reaction of magnesium and nitric acid?
60.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of magnesium and nitric acid?
61.
Write a word equation for the reaction of magnesium and sulfuric acid?
62.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of magnesium and sulfuric acid?
metal
+
water

hydrogen
+
metal hydroxide
calcium
+
water

hydrogen
+
calcium hydroxide
Ca
+
H2O

H2
+
Ca(OH)2
unbalanced
Ca
+
2H2O

H2
+
Ca(OH)2
balanced
Key Questions:
63.
What are the products formed when calcium reacts with water?
64.
Why is the formula for calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 ?
Exercises:
65.
Write a word equation for lithium reacting with water.
66.
Write a symbol equation for lithium reacting with water.
67.
Write a word equation for potassium reacting with water.
68.
Write a symbol equation for potassium reacting with water.
69.
Write a word equation for sodium reacting with water.
70.
Write a symbol equation for sodium reacting with water.
Chemical Reactions Open Book Test
1.
For each of the following symbol and formulae, write down how many of each type
of atom is present.
a.
H2
b.
CO2
c.
N2
d.
CH4
e.
SO2
f.
Al2O3
g.
C3H8
h.
CuSO4
i.
NO
j.
Fe2O3
k.
Cu(OH)2
l.
(NH4)2SO4
2.
Write down the total number of atoms present in the following:
a.
2NO2
b.
3H2O
c.
4NH3
d.
S8
e.
2Ca3(PO4)2
f.
2CaCO3
g.
5C4H10
h.
2CH3OH
i.
2C6H12O6
j.
4MgCl2
k.
4Na2CO3
l.
2H2SO4
3.
Balance each of the following equations:
a.
C
+
H2O

CO
b.
Mg
+
O2

MgO
c.
CH4
+
O2

d.
CuO
+
H2
e.
C2H6
+
f.
Mg
+
g.
h.
+
H2
CO2
+
H2O

Cu
+
H2O
O2

CO2
+
H2O
H2O

Mg(OH)2
+
H2
Fe2O3 +
CO

Fe
+
CO2
Fe
Cl2

FeCl3
+
4.
Write balanced symbol equations for each of the following chemical reactions.
a.
calcium reacting with oxygen
b.
magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid
c.
lithium reacting with water
d.
zinc reacting with nitric acid
Name: ANSWERS
Chemical Reactions
Year 11 Science
Ruawai College 2014
This Ions Table is here to help you write ionic compounds.
+1
+2
+3
+
2+
NH4
Ca
Al3+
ammonium
calcium
aluminium
+
2+
Na
Mg
Fe3+
sodium
magnesium
Iron (lll)
+
2+
K
Cu
potassium
copper
+
Ag
Pb2+
Silver
lead
H+
hydrogen
Li+
lithium
-3
PO43phosphate
-2
O2oxide
S2sulfide
CO32carbonate
SO42sulfate
Fe2+
Iron (ll)
Ba2+
barium
Zn2+
zinc
-1
OHhydroxide
Clchloride
NO3nitrate
HCO3Hydrogen
carbonate
CH3COOethanoate
A chemical reaction occurs when chemicals are mixed and different chemicals are formed.
Chemical reactions can be described by word equations or symbol equations.
Symbol equations use chemical formulae and are balanced to show how many atoms and
ions are involved in the reaction. In a balanced equation there is the same number of each
type of atom on each side of the chemical equation.
Most chemical formulae can be derived by using a table of ions.
There are some other chemical names you should know.
Name
Formula
Name
Formula
Water
H2O
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Carbon dioxide
CO2
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Sulfur dioxide
SO2
Nitric acid
HNO3
Sulfur trioxide
SO3
Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
Nitrogen dioxide
NO2
Ammonia
NH3
All chemical equations are written in the form:
reactants
(starting materials)

products
(what is produced)
reactants

products
metal
+
oxygen

metal oxide
magnesium
+
oxygen

magnesium oxide
(word equation)
Mg
+
O2

MgO
(unbalanced)
2Mg
+
O2

2 MgO
(balanced)
(general word equation)
Key Questions:
1.
What is the general word equation for the chemical reaction?
metal + oxygen  metal oxide
2.
What is the word equation for the chemical reaction?
magnesium
3.
oxygen

magnesium oxide
What are the reactants in the chemical reaction above?
Mg
4.
+
and
O2
What is the product in the chemical reaction above?
MgO
5.
When a metal reacts with oxygen what is the product?
metal oxide
6.
What is the product when magnesium reacts with oxygen?
magnesium oxide
7.
What is the formula of magnesium?
Mg
8.
What is the formula of oxygen?
O2
9.
What is the formula of magnesium oxide?
MgO
10.
What makes the unbalanced equation unbalanced?
there are two oxygens on the left and only one oxygen on the right
11.
What makes the balanced equation balanced?
There are two oxygens and two magnesiums on both sides
12.
Why is the formula for magnesium oxide MgO? (hint: use the ions table)
positive charge of the magnesium is cancelled out by negative charge of the oxygen
+
oxygen

copper oxide
Cu
+
O2

CuO
unbalanced
2Cu
+
O2

2 CuO
balanced
copper
Key Questions:
12.
What is the product when copper reacts with oxygen?
CuO copper oxide
13.
What is the formula of copper?
Cu
14.
What is the formula of oxygen?
O
15.
What is the formula of copper oxide?
CuO
16.
What makes the unbalanced equation unbalanced?
there are two oxygens on the left and only one oxygen on the right
17.
What makes the balanced equation balanced?
There are two oxygens and two coppers on both sides
18.
Why is the formula for magnesium oxide CuO? (hint: use the ions table)
positive charge of the calcium is cancelled out by negative charge of the oxygen
Exercises:
19.
What is formed when calcium reacts with oxygen?
calcium oxide
20.
Write a word equation for the reaction of calcium and oxygen.
calcium + oxygen  calcium oxide
21.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of calcium and oxygen (and balance)
2Ca
+
O2

2 CaO
22.
What is formed when sodium reacts with oxygen?
sodium oxide Na2O
23.
Write a word equation for the reaction of sodium and oxygen.
sodium + oxygen  sodium oxide
24.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of sodium and oxygen
4Na
25.
+
O2

(and balance)
2Na2O
What is formed when zinc reacts with oxygen?
zinc oxide ZnO
26.
Write a word equation for the reaction of zinc and oxygen.
zinc + oxygen  zinc oxide
27.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of zinc and oxygen (and balance)
2 Zn
28.
+
O2

2 ZnO
What is formed when lead reacts with oxygen?
lead oxide PbO
29.
Write a word equation for the reaction of lead and oxygen.
lead + oxygen  lead oxide
30.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of lead and oxygen (and balance)
2 Pb
+
O2

2 PbO
reactants

products
metal
+
acid

hydrogen
+
metal salt
magnesium
+
hydrochloric
acid

hydrogen
+
magnesium
chloride
Mg
+
HCl

H2
+
MgCl2
unbalanced
Mg
+
2HCl

H2
+
MgCl2
balanced
Key Questions:
31.
When a metal reacts with an acid what are the products?
hydrogen and metal salt
32.
What are the products when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
hydrogen and magnesium chloride
33.
What is the formula of magnesium?
Mg
34.
What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?
HCl
35.
What is the formula of hydrogen?
H2
36.
What is the formula of magnesium chloride?
MgCl
37.
What makes the unbalanced equation unbalanced?
one hydrogen and one chorine on the LHS and two hydrogens and chorines on RHS
38.
What makes the balanced equation balanced?
same number of atoms on LHS and RHS
39.
Why is the formula for magnesium chloride MgCl2? (hint: use the ions table)
two chlorines are needed to balance the charge of the magnesium
+
hydrochloric
acid

Zn
+
HCl

H2
+
ZnCl2
unbalanced
Zn
+
2HCl

H2
+
ZnCl2
balanced
zinc
hydrogen
+
zinc
chloride
Key Questions:
40.
What are the products when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid?
hydrogen and magnesium chloride
41.
What is the formula of zinc?
Zn
42.
What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?
HCl
43.
What is the formula of hydrogen?
H2
44.
What is the formula of zinc chloride?
ZnO
45.
What makes the unbalanced equation unbalanced?
one hydrogen and one chorine on the LHS and two hydrogens and chorines on RHS
46.
What makes the balanced equation balanced?
same number of atoms on LHS and RHS
47.
Why is the formula for magnesium chloride ZnCl2? (hint: use the ions table)
two chlorines are needed to balance the charge of the zinc
Exercises:
48.
What is formed when calcium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
hydrogen and calcium chloride
49.
Write a word equation for the reaction of calcium and hydrochloric acid.
calcium + hydrochloric acid  hydrogen + calcium chloride
50.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of calcium and hydrochloric acid (and
balance)
Ca
51.
+

2HCl
H2
+
CaCl2
Write a word equation for the reaction of sodium and hydrochloric acid.
sodium + hydrochloric acid  hydrogen + sodium chloride
52.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction and sodium and hydrochloric acid
(and balance).
2Na
+

2HCl
H2
+
2NaCl

hydrogen
+
metal chloride
acid

hydrogen
+
metal nitrate
sulfuric acid

hydrogen
+
metal sulfate
calcium + hydrochloric acid

hydrogen
+
calcium chloride
Ca

H2
+
CaCl2
calcium + nitric acid

hydrogen
+
calcium nitrate
Ca

H2
+
Ca(NO3)2
calcium + sulfuric acid

hydrogen
+
calcium sulfate
Ca

H2
+
CaSO4
metal
+
hydrochloric
metal
+
nitric
metal
+
+
+
+
2HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
acid
Key Questions:
53.
What type of salt is formed when a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid? chloride
54.
What type of salt is formed when a metal reacts with nitric acid?
nitrate
55.
What type of salt is formed when a metal reacts with sulfuric acid?
sulfate
56.
Why is the formula for calcium chloride CaCl2?
two chlorides, Cl - needed to balance positive charge of calcium Ca2+
57.
Why is the formula for calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2?
two nitrates needed to balance positive charge of calcium
58.
Why is the formula for calcium sulfate CaSO4?
only one sulfate needed to balance positive charge of calcium
59.
Write a word equation for the reaction of magnesium and nitric acid?
magnesium + nitric acid  hydrogen + magnesium nitrate
60.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of magnesium and nitric acid?
Mg + 2HNO3  H2 + Mg(NO3)2
61.
Write a word equation for the reaction of magnesium and sulfuric acid?
magnesium + sulfric acid  hydrogen + magnesium sulfate
62.
Write a symbol equation for the reaction of magnesium and sulfuric acid?
Mg + H 2SO4  H2 + Mg SO4
metal
+
water

hydrogen
+
metal hydroxide
calcium
+
water

hydrogen
+
calcium hydroxide
Ca
+
H2O

H2
+
Ca(OH)2
unbalanced
Ca
+
2H2O

H2
+
Ca(OH)2
balanced
Key Questions:
63.
What are the products formed when calcium reacts with water?
hydrogen and calcium hydroxide
64.
Why is the formula for calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 ?
two hydroxides needed to balance positive charge of calcium
Exercises:
65.
Write a word equation for lithium reacting with water.
lithium + water  hydrogen + calcium hydroxide
66.
Write a symbol equation for lithium reacting with water.
2Li + 2H2O
67.
 H2 + 2LiOH
Write a word equation for potassium reacting with water.
potassium + water  hydrogen + potassium hydroxide
68.
Write a symbol equation for potassium reacting with water.
2K + 2H2O
69.
 H2 + 2KOH
Write a word equation for sodium reacting with water.
sodium + water  hydrogen + sodium hydroxide
70.
Write a symbol equation for sodium reacting with water.
2Na + 2H2O  H2 + 2NaOH
Chemical Reactions Open Book Test
1.
For each of the following symbol and formulae, write down how many of each type
of atom is present.
a.
H2
two hydrogens
b.
CO2
one carbon , two oxygens
c.
N2
two nitrogens
d.
CH4
one carbon, four hydrogens
e.
SO2
one sulfur, two oxygens
f.
Al2O3
two aluminiums, three oxygens
g.
C3H8
three carbons, eight hydrogens
h.
CuSO4
one copper, one sulfur, four oxygens
i.
NO
one nitrogen, one oxygen
j.
Fe2O3
two irons, three oxygens
k.
Cu(OH)2
one copper, two oxygens, two hydrogens
l.
(NH4)2SO4
two nitrogens, eight hydrogens, one sulfur, four oxygens
2.
Write down the total number of atoms present in the following:
a.
2NO2
6
b.
3H2O
9
c.
4NH3
16
d.
S8
8
e.
2Ca3(PO4)2
26
f.
2CaCO3
10
g.
5C4H10
70
h.
2CH3OH
12
i.
2C6H12O6
48
j.
4MgCl2
12
k.
4Na2CO3
24
l.
2H2SO4
14
3.
Balance each of the following equations:
a.
C
+
H2O

CO
b.
2Mg
+
O2

2MgO
c.
CH4
+
2O2

d.
CuO
+
H2
e.
2C2H6 +
f.
Mg
g.
h.
+
H2
CO2
+
2H2O

Cu
+
H2O
7O2

4CO2
+
6H2O
2H2O

Mg(OH)2
+
H2
Fe2O3 +
3CO

2Fe
+
3CO2
2Fe
3Cl2

2FeCl3
+
+
4.
Write balanced symbol equations for each of the following chemical reactions.
a.
calcium reacting with oxygen
2Ca
b.
O2
+
2HCl
2 CaO

H2
+
MgCl2
lithium reacting with water
2Li + 2H2O
d.

magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid
Mg
c.
+
 H2 + 2LiOH
zinc reacting with nitric acid
Zn
+
HNO3

H2
+
Zn(NO3)2