Sources & images

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How differently have the English &
Irish regarded events in Ireland since
the 12th century?
An overview of Anglo-Irish relations in one lesson
Sources, timelines, & maps
Ireland in Schools
University of Birmingham
BASS
University of Nottingham
Menu of sources
B1. A Catholic print, showing how English Protestants treated Catholics in Ireland, 1583, built on Irish blood.
A1. A Tudor view of an Irish chief dining outdoors - Image of Ireland by John Derrick, an English Tudor writer, 1581.
A6. A Norman view of the Irish - Gerald of Wales, 1180s.
Gerald visited Ireland in the 1180s and told the English king, Henry II how rich and beautiful the country was but that the people who lived
there were barbaric, despite their fine music.
B2. An Irish view of the Norman intervention in Ireland - a painting of the marriage of Strongbow, the Norman, and Aoife, an Irish princess, 1854.
The idea behind this painting is that the relationship between England and Ireland was like a forced marriage, built on Irish blood.
A5. An English view of the 1641 Catholic rising against Protestants in Ireland - an engraving from 1646.
B4. An Irish view of Oliver Cromwell, who justified his Irish policy by referring to the violence of 1641 - from Young Ned of the Hill by The Pogues,
1989. Picture: Cromwell at the siege of Drogheda, 1649.
A9. An English caricaturist's view of the United Irishmen in training - James Gillray, 1798.
B7. Irish view of troops hanging a United Irish suspect from a ‘travelling gallows' as his house burns - 1843-6.
A2. An English view of the Irish Famine - Punch, 1846.
This shows that the English are willing to help the Irish in the short term with food but want the Irish to use the spade to sort themselves out
in the long term.
B5. Irishman condemning the English for not helping Irish people in the Famine - John Mitchel,1860.
Picture: ‘Famine', famine refugees, cast in bronze, Dublin, 1997.
A4. An English view of Irish agitators - Punch, 1882.
Here Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Irish nationalist party, is shown as creating a monster which represents Irish attacks on Irish
landlords, many of whom were English. In this period, influenced by the then new theory of evolution, English cartoonists liked to depict the Irish
as ape-like creatures and monsters way down the evolutionary scale.
B3. An Irish cartoonist mocking the way English artists depict the Irish as monsters - Pat, an Irish magazine, 1881.
A7. An English view of Irish agitation for land reform and home rule - Punch, 1881, underlining mixed English feelings to Ireland – monster
or fair maiden?
B9. An Irish view of home rule, Ireland with its own parliament - Weekly Freeman, a moderate Irish nationalist journal, Dublin, 1887.
A8. An English cartoonist's view of political violence in Ireland - Jak in London Evening Standard, 1982.
This reflects a widely-held view in England that all the Irish are the same and that everyone in Northern Ireland was involved in the conflict on
one side or the other. IRA (Irish Republican Army) and INLA (Irish National Liberation Army) are republican (Catholic) extremist groups.
UDF (Ulster Defence Force), PFF (Protestant Freedom Fighters) and UDA (Ulster Defence Association) are loyalist (Protestant) extremist groups.
B8. A Northern Ireland cartoonist's view of political violence in Ireland - Martyn Turner in Irish News, 1993.
According to this cartoon, drawn by somebody living in Northern Ireland, political violence in Northern Ireland is complicated, with men of violence
attacking their own communities as much as each other. IRA (Irish Republican Army) is an extreme nationalist (Catholic) group; the UFF (Ulster Freedom
Fighters) an extreme loyalist (Protestant) group.
A3. English reporting of the peace process in Northern Ireland, 2007; Guardian photograph of the UK & Irish prime ministers and leaders of the two
main opposing Northern Ireland parties at the opening of the Northern Ireland Assembly (left); and (right) a cartoonist's view, in Private Eye,
of the coming together of traditional enemies Gerry Adams of Sinn Fein (left) and Ian Paisley of the Democratic Unionist Party (right).
B6. ‘Chuckle brothers' - Ian Paisley, First minister of Northern Ireland (left), and Martin McGuinness, his deputy from Sinn Fein (right).
B1
B1
B1
A1
‘From an old and evil custom they
always carry an axe in their hand
as if it were a staff.
In this way, if they have a feeling
for any evil, they can the more
quickly give it effect [dom
something about it].’
A6
B2
A5
Since Cromwell pushed us westward
To live our lowly lives
There’s some of us have deemed to fight
From Tipperary mountains high
Noble men with wills of iron
Who are not afraid to die
Who’ll fight with Gaelic honour held on high
A curse upon you Oliver Cromwell
You who raped our Motherland
I hope you’re rotting down in hell
For the horrors that you sent
To our misfortunate forefathers
Whom you robbed of their birthright
‘To hell or Connaught’ may you burn in hell tonight
B4
A9
Union is Strength
John Bull:
‘Here are a few
things to go on with,
Brother, and I’ll soon
put you in a way to
earn your own living.
[A] million and a half of men, women and
children, were carefully, prudently, and
peacefully slain by the English government.
They died of hunger in the midst of
abundance, which their own hands created;
and it is quite immaterial to distinguish those
who perish in the agonies of famine itself from
those who died of typhus fever, which in
Ireland is always caused by famine.
B7
This baneful and
blood stained
monster ... yet was it
not my monster to the
very extent that it was
my Creature? ... Had
I not breathed into it
my own spirit? ...
(Extract from the
Works of C.S. P-rn-ll,
M.P.)
A4
No.1. This is little
Chalks [an English
artist] sent over by
the London
Illustrated Smudge
to furnish truthful
sketches of Irish
character.
No.2. This is his
model.
No.3. And this is
the sketch he
furnishes.
B3
This shows Britannia
protecting a distraught
Hibernia [Ireland] from a
stone- throwing Irish
anarchist with repellent
features.
A7
Bottom line: Pat bringing in the supplies, - ‘Bedad, Miss, but if this continues the pudding will be made this year, anyhow.'
B9
A8
B8
A9
B9
Timeline of Anglo-Irish relations
Timeline of ‘these islands’
Power in Ireland
1400
Royal power in Ireland
1500 & 1600
Land held by Catholics, 1641-1703
Partition
of
Ireland
1920-21
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