Harcourt Science
Unit D
Chapter 3
Mrs. Strand
Lockwood Middle
School
Chapter Project
Solar System
• Terms to know
– Planetary system
– Asteroid
– Meteoroid
– Comet
– Astronomical unit
– Light year
Organization of the Solar System
• There have been various models over time.
• There are two basic theories
– Geocentric
– Heliocentric
• There are two basic orbital patterns
– Elliptical
– Circular
Structure of the Solar System
•
•
•
•
•
Sun
Planets
Moons
Asteroids
Meteoroids
– Meteors
– Meteorites
• Comets
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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/
docs/media/spaceenvironment/gaspra.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/s
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&tbnh=110&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmeteoroid%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3
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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/Image
s/StarChild/solar_system_level2/fireball_big.gif&imgrefurl=http://starchild.g
sfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level2/peekskill.html&h=270&w=
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QuickTime™ and a
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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://science.nasa.gov/images/halebopp.jpg&i
mgrefurl=http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast16nov98_3.htm&h=333&w=18
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images%3Fq%3Dmeteoroid%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG
– What is the difference between a planet and a moon?
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fregger.com/space_content/8halleycomet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fregger.com/pictures.html&h=600&w=800&sz=48&hl=en&start
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%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG
Astronomical Units and Light-Years
• 93,000,000 miles or 150,000,000 KM distance from sun to earth
= 1 AU Usually used to measure distances between planets
Light years usually used
To measure distance to 5,900,000, 000 miles or 9,500,000,000 K
distance from the sun to the nearest star
stars
Cycles of Planets
• Terms to know:
– Rotation
– Axis
– Revolution
– Orbit
– Ellipse
Planets rotate on their axis
• Each day, 24 hours on Earth, is one rotation.
• Each year, 365 1/4 days on Earth is one revolution.
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http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/solarsys/revolution.html
Orbits
• Elliptical
– Perihelion
– Aphelion
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http://www.yourdictionary.com/images/ahd/jpg/A4perihe.jpg
• How planets move in their orbits
– Property of inertia
http://www.space.com/bestimg/?guid=4499b3949c8db&cat=strangest
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Wobbly planets
• Precession of the Earth
• How do we even know this happens?
– The North star changes from time to time.
• See chart pg D90
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Why do planets have seasons?
• Terms to know:
– Season
– Axial tilt
Earth Seasons
• Are we pointing towards the sun or away from it?
–
–
–
–
Autumnal Equinox
Winter Solstice
Vernal Equinox
Summer Solstice
Hmmmmm…
How
does the tilt of the
earth affect
temperature?
Dates?
Dates?
Dates?
Dates?
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What…
Still looking to the
stars for
answers?
Why are seasons on Mars so much
more extreme?
• Angle of axis
• Shape of orbit
Do you think there are
planets with NO
seasons?
Why or why not?
Phases of the moon
• Terms to know:
–
–
–
–
–
Phases
First quarter
Third quarter
Waning
Waxing
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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wisegorilla.com/images/solarsystem/MoonPhases.gif&imgrefurl=htt
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Phases of the moon
Have you ever wondered
why the moon appears
larger in the early evening,
than later at night?
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http://radiojove.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/phases_of_moon.gif