Scientific Research Findings - Maharishi University of Management

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Introductory Lecture

Welcome

The

Transcendental Meditation

®

Program

For Full Development of Life

© 2008 Global Country of World Peace

TM, Transcendental Meditation, and Maharishi are registered or common law trademarks registered by Maharishi Vedic Education Development Corporation and used under sublicense

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

Founder of the Transcendental Meditation program

®

The TM technique is:

• Easy to learn

• Enjoyable and effortless…

• Not a belief—but a technique

• Natural—in accord with Natural Law

• Unique—unlike all other meditations

• Practical—benefits all aspects of life

The TM technique twice daily:

A preparation for more dynamic, fulfilling activity.

“Water the root—enjoy the fruit.”

Benefits for:

• Mind

• Body

• Behavior/relationships

• Environment

Developing Full Mental Potential

Transcendental Meditation in the classroom:

“One of the Year’s

Best ideas.”

—New York Times Magazine

Know

Thyself.

—Oracle at Delphi

What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.


—Ralph Waldo Emerson

Go back into yourself, for truth dwells deep within you.

—St. Augustine

The self is a “kosmos,” beyond the

“boundaries.”

—Walt Whitman

Enlightenment

Described throughout the ages in similar, universal terms:

• An uninterrupted state of heightened wellbeing

• Freedom from suffering

• An abundance of intelligence and creativity so immense that problems cannot overshadow life

• Living in perfect harmony with one’s surroundings —a deep, intimate unity with the cosmos

Enlightenment

• Why is this greater potential of life not the primary concern of education and psychology?

• Why is it not more commonly understood?

• What has it not been the object of scientific study?

Enlightenment

Because there has not been a systematic, reliable means to experience it…

Until now.

TM

: How it works…

Conscious Mind

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Source of Thought

10% Mental Potential

Unconscious Mind

Conscious Mind

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Source of Thought

Conscious Mind

O

O

O

O

O

O

Fully Awake,

Self-Referral

Consciousness

Pure Consciousness

Transcending…

Gamma

Problem solving, concentration

Beta

Busy, active mind

Alpha

Reflective, restful

Theta

Drowsiness

Delta

Sleep, dreaming

Typical EEG Tracings

A typical EEG tracing is a rapidly changing composite or combination of different frequencies—waves moving up and down at different rates—some slow, some fast. During ordinary waking consciousness, EEG patterns are complex, scattered and disorderly.

Increased EEG Coherence

EEG coherence during the practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique: brainwaves rise up and down together— maintaining a stable phase relationship—indicating that the whole brain is highly correlated. This integrated state of brain function corresponds to the subjective experience of heightened wakefulness or restful alertness. Research shows that the TM technique cultures the brain to behave more coherently and efficiently overtime, as seen in a person’s improved response to stimuli—with better performance on spatial and memory tasks, creativity scores, and reaction time tests. Such findings are not reported from other meditation practices. References: International Journal of Psychophysiology, 116, 1519-38 (2006);

Biological Psychology, 61, 293-319 (2002)

Front

Middle

Alpha Coherence Maps

Eyes Open Eyes Closed TM Practice

References: International Journal of Psychophysiology, 116, 1519-38 (2006); Biological Psychology, 61, 293-319

(2002); Consciousness and Cognition, 8(3), 302-18 (1999); Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 35

(1973);

International Journal of Neuroscience 14: 147 –151, 1981.

High levels of EEG coherence measured during Transcendental Meditation are significantly correlated with higher creativity, greater efficiency in learning new concepts, more principled moral reasoning, higher verbal intelligence (IQ), less neuroticism, higher academic achievement, clearer experiences of Transcendental Consciousness, and greater neurological efficiency (faster spinal reflex recovery).

References: International Journal of Neuroscience 13: 211–217, 1981; 15: 151–157, 1981

Conscious Mind

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Source of Thought

10% Mental Potential

Unconscious Mind

Conscious Mind

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Source of Thought

15% Mental Potential

Unconscious Mind

Conscious Mind

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Source of Thought

50% Mental Potential

Unconscious Mind

Conscious Mind O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Source of Thought

75% Mental Potential

Unconscious Mind

Conscious Mind 100% Mental Potential O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Pure Consciousness — “Unbounded” Awareness

Benefits for the Mind

Scientific Research Findings:

• Increased creativity

The Journal of Creative Behavior

• Improved memory

Memory & Cognition

• Increased IQ

Personality and Individual Differences

• Improved perception

Memory & Cognition

• Faster reaction time

Personality and Individual Differences

• Increased intelligence

Higher Education Research and Development

• Increased field independence

Perceptual and Motor Skills

Benefits for the Mind

Scientific Research Findings:

• Improvement in academic skills

British Journal of Educational Psychology

• Improved concept learning

Journal of Clinical Psychology

• Improved problem solving ability

Scientific Research: Collected Papers, Vol.1

• Integration of left- and right-hemispheres

Psychophysiology

• Improved mental health

Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal

• Holistic improvement in intellectual performance

Intelligence

Statistical meta-analysis of all available research (42 independent study results) indicated that practice of Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation Program increased self-actualization by about three times as much as procedures of contemplation, concentration, or other techniques. Reference: Journal of Social

Behavior and Personality 6: 189–248, 1991.

Every experience you have changes your brain.

Nothing changes it like transcending.

Total Brain Functioning

nature

The whole history of science has been the gradual realization that events do not happen in an arbitrary manner, but that they reflect a certain underlying order, which may or may not be divinely inspired.

- Stephen W. Hawking

SLAC

Stanford Linear Accelerator

European

Center for

Nuclear

Research

Greater orderliness of brain functioning

Reference: Psychosomatic Medicine 46: 267, 276, 1984

The orderliness of the Unified Field — seen as increased brainwave coherence

“The individual is cosmic.”

Creating A Higher State of Health:

The Physiology of Enlightenment

Discovery of the 4th State of Consciousness

• Reductions in breath rate—deep state of rest

25%

Discovery of the 4th State of Consciousness

• Reductions in breath rate—deep state of rest

• Reduced blood lactate

20%

Discovery of the 4th State of Consciousness

• Reductions in breath rate—deep state of rest

• Reduced blood lactate

• Significant increases in basal skin resistance

70%

Discovery of the 4th State of Consciousness

• Reductions in breath rate—deep state of rest

• Reduced blood lactate

• Significant increases in basal skin resistance

• EEG: restful alertness

ALPHA

POWER

Discovery of the 4th State of Consciousness

• Reductions in breath rate—deep state of rest

• Reduced blood lactate

• Significant increases in basal skin resistance

• EEG: restful alertness

Scientific American 1972; 226:84-90; Science 1970; 167:1751-1754

Discovery of the 4th State of Consciousness

• Reductions in breath rate—deep state of rest

• Reduced blood lactate

• Significant increases in basal skin resistance

• EEG: restful alertness

Scientific American 1972; 226:84-90; Science 1970; 167:1751-1754

• Decreased plasma cortisol

• Increased muscle relaxation

• Natural suspension of respiration

• Increased blood flow to the brain

• EEG coherence—holistic brain function

American Journal of Physiology 235: R89–R92, 1978;

International Journal of Neuroscience 14: 147–151, 1981;

Hormones and Behavior 10: 54–60, 1978;

Journal of Applied Physiology 56: 607–612, 1984;

Physiology & Behavior 35: 591–595, 1985

Research funded by the National Institutes of Health

QuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

Independent Research Conducted at Medical Schools Nationwide

• Harvard Medical School

• Stanford Medical School

• Yale Medical School

• UCLA Medical School

• University of Virginia Medical Center

• University of California, Irvine

• Cedars-Sinai Hospital, Los Angeles

• University of California at San Francisco Medical School

• University of Chicago Medical School

• University of Southern California Medical School

• University of Michigan Medical School

• University of Hawaii

• Howard University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C.

• University of Iowa

• The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

• Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science

American Association of Physicians Practicing the

Transcendental

Meditation Technique

www.AsktheDoctors.com

“ … the single-most effective program to reduce stress.

“…

“… a deep state of rest that refreshes mind and body — improving sleep, medical expenses.

“ High blood pressure is increasing creativity and intelligence, and reducing anxiety.

— Steele Belok, M.D.

Harvard Medical School daily practice of the TM technique.

— Kulreet Chaudary, MD,

Medical Director of Neurology,

Scripps Memorial Hospital

— Gary Kaplan, M.D., Ph.D.

New York University School of Medicine faculty.

"Adding Transcendental Meditation is equivalent to adding a second antihypertensive agent to one's current regimen, only safer and less troublesome."

Hospital Admission Rates

Benefits for the body

Scientific Research Findings:

• Reduction of Atherosclerosis

Stroke

• Increased longevity

International Journal of Neuroscience

• Quicker recovery from stress

Psychosomatic Medicine

• Reduction of high cholesterol

Journal of Human Stress

• Improvements in bronchial asthma

Clinical Research

• Decreased insomnia

Journal of Counseling and Development

Benefits for the body

Scientific Research Findings:

• Improved heart function

The American Journal of Cardiology

• Improved neuromuscular function

Perceptual and Motor Skills

• Reduced blood pressure

Hypertension Archives of Internal Medicine

• Calmer style of physiological functioning

American Psychologist

• More stability of autonomic nervous system

Psychosomatic Medicine

Those who had been regularly practicing the Transcendental Meditation

Program showed younger biological age, with a greater reduction in biological age the longer they had been participating in the Program.

Reference:

International Journal of Neuroscience 16: 53–58, 1982.

Inner Happiness

Harmonious Relationships

O

Growth of

Consciousness

O

Inner happiness O

O

O

O

Sat Chit Ananda

Growth of

Invincibility

Patients suffering from post-traumatic stress problems who learned the

Transcendental Meditation Program showed significant reduction in depression after four months, in contrast to others who were randomly assigned to receive psychotherapy. Reference: Journal of Counseling and Development 64: 212–

215, 1985.

A statistical meta-analysis of 146 independent study results found that the

Transcendental Meditation Program is significantly more effective in reducing trait anxiety than procedures of concentration or contemplation, or other techniques.

Reference: Journal of Clinical Psychology 45: 957–974, 1989.

Reduced Use of Cigarettes

Improved Social Behavior

Scientific Research Findings:

• Reduced hostility

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

• Improved relationships

Anxiety, Stress and Coping

• Improved self-esteem

British Journal of Psychology

• Healthier response to stress

American Psychologist

• Decreased neurosis

Japanese Journal of Industrial Health

• Decreased depression

Journal of Counseling and Development

Improved Social Behavior

Scientific Research Findings:

• Decreased alcohol use

Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly

• Increased job satisfaction

Academy of Management Journal

• Improved job performance

Academy of Management Journal

• Increased leadership behavior

Career Development International

• Decreased use of drugs

International Journal of the Addictions

• Greater appreciation of others

Perceptual and Motor Skills

Creating World Peace

= unit of world peace

Collective Consciousness

Creating

Global Citizenship

“ What's needed really is a higher level of consciousness.

—Al Gore

Creating

Global Citizenship

What is higher consciousness?

• Not just becoming more aware of a particular problem

• It is a holistic growth of CONSCIOUSNESS itself

• One becomes more awake broader comprehension, increased EEG coherence,

• Resulting in a more global, universal outlook

Creating

Global Citizenship

Scientific Research Findings:

• Increased EEG coherence

International Journal of Neuroscience

• Broader comprehension

Perceptual and Motor Skills

• Increased creativity

The Journal of Creative Behavior

• Increased intelligence

Higher Education Research and Development

• Improved problem solving ability

Scientific Research: Collected Papers, Vol.1

• Integration of left- and right-hemispheres

Psychophysiology

Creating

Global Citizenship

Scientific Research Findings:

• Decreased anxiety

Journal of Clinical Psychology

• Reduced hostility

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

• Improved relationships

Anxiety, Stress and Coping

• Healthier response to stress

American Psychologist

• Decreased neurosis

Japanese Journal of Industrial Health

• Increased leadership behavior

Career Development International

• Greater appreciation of others

Perceptual and Motor Skills

The formula for world peace

“In the vicinity of yoga (unified consciousness) hostile tendencies are eliminated.”

—Maharishi Patanjali

In this carefully controlled experiment, the coherence-creating group increased from 800 to

4,000 over the two-month period. Although violent crime had been steadily increasing during the first five months of the year, soon after the start of the study, violent crime

(measured by FBI Uniform Crime Statistics) began decreasing and continued to drop until the end of the experiment (maximum decrease 23.3%), after which it began to rise again.

The likelihood that this result could be attributed to chance variation in crime levels was less than two parts per billion ( p

< .000000002). The drop in crime could not be attributed to other possible causes, including temperature, precipitation, weekends, and police and community anti-crime activities (

Social Indicators Research

47: 153-201, 1999).

A day-by-day study of a two-month assembly in Israel during August and September of

1983 showed that, on days when the number of participants at a peace-creating assembly was high, the intensity of an ongoing war in neighboring Lebanon decreased sharply. When the number of participants was high, war deaths in Lebanon dropped by 76%.

(p<.0001). [The mathematical expression p<.0001 indicates that, as a result of standard mathematical analysis, the likelihood that this result could be attributed to chance variation in levels of fighting was less than 1 in 10,000. This amounts to a much higher confidence

level than is typical in the social sciences.] Reference: Yale University Journal of

Conflict Resolution 32: 776–812, 1988.

Increased Harmony in World Consciousness

The global influence on terrorism of three large coherence-creating assemblies was studied retrospectively through an analysis of data compiled by the Rand Corporation. The data revealed a 72% reduction in worldwide terrorism during the three assemblies taken together, as compared to all other weeks during a two-year period. Each assembly had approached or exceeded the participation threshold

(8,000) predicted to create a global influence of peace.

The study ruled out the possibility that this reduction in terrorism was due to cycles, trends, or drifts in the measures used, or to seasonal changes (

Journal of

Offender Rehabilitation

36 (1-4): 283-302, 2003).

“The efficacy of group TM practice to reduce crime and war has been more extensively studied and rigorously established than any phenomenon in the history of social science.

It is a scientific fact.”

—Dr. John Hagelin

Negotiations

Destructive weaponry

Since 1000 BC:

• 8000 peace treaties

• Lasting on average of nine years

United Nations —1945:

Palestine

North Korea

Cambodia

Zimbabwe

Angola

Israel

Sri Lanka

Afghanistan

Sierra Leone

Vietnam

Zaire Iraq

Rwanda

Azerbaijan

Colombia

Yugoslavia

Algeria

Somalia

Indonesia

Czechoslovakia

Burma

Soviet Union

United Nations —1945:

Sri Lanka

Palestine

North Korea

Egypt

Angola

Sierra Leone

Vietnam

Zaire Iraq

Azerbaijan

Algeria

Indonesia

Somalia

Croatia

Czechoslovakia

Burma

Soviet Union

United Nations —1945:

Palestine

India

North Korea

Egypt

Peru

Iran

Azerbaijan

Chile

Colombia

Pakistan

Yugoslavia

Sudan

Algeria

China

Indonesia

Hungary

United Nations —1945:

India

North Korea

Cambodia

Guatemala

Angola

Zimbabwe

Laos

Lebanon

Iran

Azerbaijan

Chile

Colombia

Haiti

Korea

Sudan

Algeria

China

Indonesia

Somalia

Hungary

Nicaragua

Jordan

Indonesia

United Nations —1945:

North Korea

Yemen

Guatemala

Angola

Zimbabwe

Laos Israel

Sri Lanka

Afghanistan

Thailand

Iran

Azerbaijan

Chile

Colombia

Haiti

Algeria

Uganda

Indonesia

Somalia

Nicaragua

United Nations

Jordan

—1945: Indonesia

150 major wars

UN Charter:

“Wars begin in the minds of men, and it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.”

The root cause of war:

The root cause of war: rising tensions in collective consciousness

Insanity:

Doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.

—Albert Einstein

A new approach:

“Problems are not solved on the level of the problem.

— Maharishi

"Problems cannot be solved at the same level of consciousness that created them.”

— Einstein

“Water the roots.”

Creating National Invincibility

Benefits for Society

Scientific Research Findings:

• Decreased Terrorism

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

• Improved Quality of City Life

Journal of Conflict Resolution

• Decreased Crime Rate in Cities

Journal of Crime and Justice

• Decreased Violent Crime, Wash., DC

Social Indicators Research

• Decreased Crime in Capital Cities

The Journal of Mind and Behavior

Benefits for Society

Scientific Research Findings:

• Improved National Life:

Decreased Fatalities

Social Indicators

• Improved Quality of Life in Israel

Journal of Conflict Resolution

• Reduction of Armed Conflict

Journal of Social Behavior and Personality

• Increased Progress Towards Peace

Journal of Social Behavior

• Reduction of International Conflict

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Life Supported by Natural Law

“Life is here to enjoy. Tell everyone — nobody has to suffer anymore.”

— Maharishi

The First Seven Steps

TM

P R O G R A M

Step 1: Introductory Lecture

A vision of all possibilities through the Transcendental

Meditation program (1 hour)

Step 2: Preparatory Lecture

The mechanics and origin of the TM technique (1 hour)

Step 3: Personal Interview

Interview with a certified teacher of the TM program, following the Preparatory Lecture (10-15 minutes)

The First Seven Steps

Four Days of Instruction

TM

P R O G R A M over four consecutive days:

Step 4: Personal Instruction

Learning the TM technique (1-2 hours)

Step 5: First Day of Checking

Verifying the correctness of the practice, further instruction

(1-2 hours)

Step 6: Second Day of Checking

Understanding the mechanics of the TM technique based on personal experiences (1-2 hours)

Step 7: Third Day of Checking

Understanding the growth of higher states of consciousness (1-2 hours)

Course tuition

Standard fee: $2000

Full-time students: $1000

Married couples: $3000

Children under 18: $500*

TM

P R O G R A M

*Children must learn within one month of parents to receive discounted rate

Low interest student loan for the TM course is available from CitiAssist • Course credit is available from Maharishi University of Management • MUM is accredited by the North

Central Association of Schools and Colleges

Conscious Mind

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Source of Thought

10% Mental Potential

Unconscious Mind

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