RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
From Hazardous Atmospheres
29 CFR 1910.134
EFFECTIVE DATES
 January
8, 1998 - OSHA Publishes Standard
 April 8, 1998 - Effective Date
 September 8, 1998 - Determination Date
That Respirators Are Required And Who
Will Wear Them
 October 5, 1998 - Total Compliance With
All Provisions Of Standard
REVISIONS TO STANDARDS
 Respirators
Deleted From All Other
Substance Specific Standards
 Previous Respirator Standard Renumbered
As .139 And Designated Temporarily As M.
tuberculosis Standard
 All Respirator Issues Are Now In 1910.134
RESPIRATOR PROGRAM
 Requires A Written
Program With WorksiteSpecific Procedures When Respirators Are
Needed
 Must Keep Updated As Needed
 A Program Administrator Is Required For
The Entire College
 College Must Provide Respirators, Training,
And Medical Evaluations At No Cost To
Employees
RESPIRATOR
PROGRAM ELEMENTS
 Selection
 Medical
Evaluation
 Respirator Use
 Maintenance And
Care
 Fit
Testing
 Breathing Air
Quality And Use
 Training
 Program Evaluation
WHERE RESPIRATORS ARE
USED BUT NOT REQUIRED
 If
Respirators Will Not Create A Hazard And If
Requested, College May Furnish Respirators
 If Approved, Employees May Wear Their
Own, But Must Follow Program Requirements
 Voluntary Use Of Filtering Facepieces (Face
Masks) Does Not Have To Be Included In The
Written Materials
PERMISSIBLE PRACTICES
 Engineering
Controls (Enclosures, Confinement
Of Operations, Ventilation, Use Of Less Toxic
Materials) Are Primary Means To Control Hazards
 When Effective Engineering Controls Are Not
Available, Respirators Will Be Used
 Respirators Will Be Applicable To And Suitable
For The Purpose Intended
 Employer Will Be Responsible For Program
SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS
 College
Will Select And Provide An
Appropriate Respirator Based On The
Respiratory Hazards To Which The Worker
Is Exposed, Workplace Factors, And User
Factors That Affect Respirator Performance
And Reliability
 Respirators Will Be Selected From A
Sufficient Number Of Models And Sizes To
Ensure Correct Fit And Comfort
RESRIRATOR PROTECTION
TRAINING
 Employers
(Managers And Supervisors) Must
Provide Appropriate And Effective Training To
Employees Who Are Required To Use Respirators
RESRIRATOR PROTECTION
TRAINING
 Employees
That Use Respirators Must Be Trained
And Demonstrate Skill Or Knowledge Of At
Least:
— Why It Is Necessary And How Improper Use And
Care Can Compromise It’s Effectiveness
— It’s Limitations And Capabilities
— How To Put On, Remove, Use, And Inspect
— How To Maintain And Store
— General Requirements Of This Standard
RESRIRATOR PROTECTION
TRAINING
 Training
Must Be Provided Prior To Use
 Retraining Required Annually, And When:
– Prior Training Becomes Obsolete
– Employee’s Skill Or Knowledge Is
Inadequate
– Other Situation Arises In Which Retraining
Appears Necessary
EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE
 Exposure
To A Concentration Of An Airborne
Contaminant That Would Occur If The Employee
Were Not Using Respiratory Protection
RESPIRATORY INLET
COVERING
 That
Portion Of A Respirator That Forms
The Protective Barrier Between The User’s
Respiratory Tract And An Air-Purifying
Device Or Breathing Air Source
 May Be A Facepiece, Helmet, Hood, Suit,
Or Mouthpiece Respirator With A Nose
Clamp
 May Be Tight Fitting Or Loose Fitting
HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES
 Oxygen
Deficient
 Toxic Contaminated
 Environmental Pollution
 Combination
 Immediately Dangerous To Life Or Health
(IDLH)
 Note: All Can Be Either Acidic Or Alkaline
OXYGEN DEFICIENT
 An Atmosphere With An
Oxygen Content
Below 19.5% By Volume
 Spaces Where Oxygen May Be Depleted By
Use (Confined Spaces, Boilers, Tanks, Etc.)
 Space Where Decomposition Of Organic
Material Is Going On (Sewers, Silos,
Basements, Etc.)
TOXIC CONTAMINATED
 Particles
 Gases
 Fumes
 Vapors
 Mists
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 Dust
 Spray
 Fumes
 Vapors
 Smoke
 Harmful
Gases
TWO BASIC TYPES OF
RESPIRATORS
 Air
Purifying - Removes Contaminates
Before Reaching Breathing Zone
 Atmosphere
Supplying - Provides Fresh Air
From An External Source
AIR PURIFYING
 May
Be Particulate Removing
 Vapor And Gas Removing
 A Combination Of The Two
 Uses A Replaceable Cartridge Or Canister
AIR PURIFYING
USE LIMITATIONS
 Just
Enough Oxygen To Sustain Breathing
 Contaminate Is Known And Cannot Exceed
Facepiece Limitations
 Contaminates Are Not IDLH
 Always Treat Oxygen-Deficient Air As
IDLH
ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING
 Type
1 - Airline Respirator. Air Is Pumped To The
User From Outside
 Type 2 - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
(SCBA)
AIRLINE RESPIRATOR
 Has A Pressure
Demand Nozzle That
Allows User To Control Air Flow
 Use Grade D Breathing Air
 May Be Used With A Hood Or Helmet To
Supply Continuous Air
 Tight Fitting
 Hose Limited To 300 Feet
 Some Mobility Restriction
SELF-CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS
 Breathing Air
Provided From Pressurized
Tanks
 Provides Highest Level Of Protection And
Mobility
 Commonly Used In Rescue Or Emergency
Situations
 Limited To Air In Tanks (30 Or 60 Minutes)
 Positive Pressure Provides Protection For Both
Oxygen Deficient And IDLH
RESPIRATOR SELECTION
 Must
Fit The Wearer And Be Comfortable
 Must Be The Type Which Best Abates The
Hazards To Be Faced
 Atmosphere Hazard Evaluation Determines
Which One To Wear
 Never Substitute Or Chance Another One
Will Provide Adequate Protection
WRITTEN PROTECTION PLAN
 Entire
Program To Be Assigned To A
Trained And Competent Person
 Describes In Detail The Hazard Evaluation
Process
 Contains SOP For Respirator Selection,
Use, And Maintenance
WRITTEN PROTECTION PLAN
 Contains
Results Of Analysis Of
Atmospheric Contaminants
–
–
–
–
–
Physical And Chemical Properties
Adverse Health Effects
Warning Properties
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELS)
Other Accepted Exposure Limits
WRITTEN PROTECTION PLAN
 Additional
Plan Criteria
– Results Of Workplace Atmospheric Testing
– Nature Of The Work
– Activities That Are To Be Performed
– Time Expected To Complete The Task
– Written Plan To Be Made Available To All
Involved Employees
FIT TESTING
 Before An
Employee Uses Any Respirator
With A Negative Or Positive Pressure TightFitting Facepiece, The Employee Must Be
Fit Tested With The Same Make, Model,
Style, And Size Of Respirator That Will Be
Used
 Must Be Administered Using An OSHA
Accepted Protocol Such As That Contained
In Appendix A
FIT TESTING
 Respirators
Rely On Face-To-Mask Seal
 Fit Testing Determines Which Device Will
Best Fit And Seal
 Stubble, Beard, Hairlines, Glasses, And
Goggles Will Negatively Affect Fit
 Corrective Lenses May Be Mounted Inside
The Facepiece
FIT TEST PROCEDURES
 Fit
Testing Should Be Conducted Annually
 More Often If Facial Features Change Or
A Different Respirator Is To Be Used
 Users Of Tight Fitting Respirators Must
Perform A Seal Test Each Time They Are
Used
TYPES OF FIT TESTING
 Qualitative
(QLFT) - Challenge Agent,
Vapor, Or Aerosol Released
 Fit Is Inadequate If A Presence Of The
Agent Is Detected (Irritation, Taste, or
Odor)
 Quantitative (QNFT) - Measures Actual
Level Of Agent Both Inside And Outside
The Respirator
FIT TESTING
 QLFT May
Only Be Used To Fit Test
Negative Pressure Air Purifying Respirators
That Achieve A Fit Factor Of 100 Or Less
 A Fit Factor Of At Least 100 For TightFitting Half Facepieces, Or 500 For TightFitting Full Facepieces From A QNFT Will
Be Acceptable
FIT FACTOR
 A Quantitative
Estimate Of The Fit Of A
Particular Respirator To A Specific
Individual, And Typically Estimates The
Ratio Of:
 Concentration Of A Substance In Ambient Air
 Concentration Inside The Respirator When
Worn
FILTERS
 A Component
Used In Respirators To
Remove Solid Or Liquid Aerosols From
Inspired Air
 Also Called An Air Purifying Element
HEPA FILTERS
 High
Efficiency Particulate Air
 Removes 99.97% Of Particles That Are 0.3
Micrometers In Diameter
CANISTER OR CARTRIDGE
 A Container With A Filter,
Sorbent
(Catalyst), Or Combination Of These Items,
Which Removes Specific Contaminants
From The Air Passed Through The
Container
SERVICE LIFE
 The
Period Of Time That A Respirator,
Filter, Sorbent, Or Other Respiratory
Equipment Provides Adequate Protection
To The Wearer
END OF SERVICE LIFE
INDICATOR (ESLI)
 A System
That Warns The User Of The
Approach Of The End Of Adequate
Respiratory Protection; e.g., The Sorbent Is
Approaching Saturation Or Is No longer
Effective
NEGATIVE PRESSURE
RESPIRATOR
 A Respirator
In Which The Air Pressure
Inside The Facepiece Is Negative During
Inhalation With Respect To The Ambient
Air Pressure Outside The Respirator
FILTERING FACEPIECE
(Dust Mask)
 A Negative
Pressure Particulate Respirator
With A Filter As An Integral Part of The
Facepiece, Or With The Entire Facepiece
Composed Of The Filtering Medium
POSITIVE PRESSURE
RESPIRATOR
 A Respirator
In Which The Pressure Inside
The Respiratory Inlet Covering Exceeds
The Ambient Air Pressure Outside The
Respirator
POWERED AIR-PURIFYING
RESPIRATOR (PAPR)
 An Air
Purifying Respirator That Uses A
Blower To Force Ambient Air Through AirPurifying Elements To The Inlet Covering
ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYING
RESPIRATOR
 A Respirator That
Supplies The User With
Breathing Air From A Source Independent
Of The Ambient Atmosphere
 Includes Supplied-Air Respirators (SARs)
And Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
(SCBA) Units
ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYING
RESPIRATORS
 Continuous
Flow: Provides A Continuous Flow
Of Breathing Air To The Respiratory Inlet
Covering
 Pressure Demand: Admits Air To The Facepiece
When The Positive Pressure Inside The
Facepiece Is Reduced By Inhalation
SUPPLIED AIR
RESPIRATOR (SAR)
 An Atmosphere-Supplying
Respirator For
Which The Source Of Breathing Air Is Not
Carried By The User
 Also Called An Airline Respirator
SELF-CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS
(SCBA)
 An Atmosphere-Supplying
Respirator For
Which The Breathing Air Is Designed To Be
Carried By The User
ESCAPE ONLY RESPIRATOR
 A Respirator
Designed And Intended To Be
Used Only For Emergency Exit
POSITIVE PRESSURE
SEAL TEST
 Block
Off Exhalation Valve With Palm
 Blow Outward Gently
 A Good Fit Results In The Pressure Holding
And No Leaks Found
NEGATIVE PRESSURE
SEAL TEST
 Place
Palms Over The Inhalation Inlets, Or
Squeeze The Breathing Tube
 Inhale Gently. Facepiece Should Collapse Slightly
 Hold Breath For About Ten Seconds
 Good Test Indicated By Pressure Holding And No
Leaks Found
CONTINUING RESPIRATOR
EFFECTIVENESS
 Maintain
Constant Surveillance Of Respirator
Effectiveness
 Employees Must Leave The Respirator Use Area:
–
–
–
–
–
To Wash Face Or Facepiece
If A “Breakthrough” Is Detected
There Is A Change In Breathing Resistance
There Is Leakage Of The Facepiece
To Replace Respirator, Filter, Cartridge, Or Canister
RESPIRATOR MAINTENANCE
 Step
1 - Inspection
 Step 2 - Decontamination
 Step 3 - Storage
STEP 1
INSPECTION
Check For:
 Holes In The Filters (Breakthrough)
 Loss Of Elasticity Or Tears In Headstraps
And Hoses
 Broken Or Loose Connectors And Hoses
 Cracked Or Scratched Facepieces
 Detergent Residue
 Dirt In Valves
 General Cleanliness
STEP 2
CLEANING & DISINFECTING
 Explicitly
Follow Manufacturers Directions
 If Worn By Only One Person, Clean And
Disinfect Periodically
 If Possible To Be Worn By More Than One
Person, Clean And Disinfect After Each Use
STEP 3
STORAGE
 Must
Be Protected From Dust, Sunlight,
Heat, Cold, Moisture, And Chemicals
 Facepiece Should Be Stored In An
Individual Plastic Bag
 Store Masks With Valves And Breathing
Tubes In A Natural, Undistorted Position
RESPIRATORS FOR IDLH
ATMOSPHERES
 Only
NIOSH Certified For IDLH
Atmospheres May Be Used
 Full Facepiece Pressure Demand SCBA,
Certified By NIOSH For A Minimum
Service Life Of 30 Minutes
 Combination Full Facepiece Pressure
Demand SAR With Auxiliary SelfContained Air Supply
RESPIRATORS FOR NON IDLH
ATMOSPHERES
(Gases And Vapors)
 College
Must Provide:
– An Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator, Or
– An Air-Purifying Respirator, Provided That:
 Has ESLI Certified By NIOSH; Or
 A Dependable Canister Change Schedule
– Basis And Reliance Must Be In Writing
RESPIRATORS FOR NON IDLH
ATMOSPHERES
(Particulates)
 College
Must Provide:
– Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator; Or
– Air-Purifying Respirator Equipped With HEPA
Filters;
– Air-Purifying Respirator Equipped With Any
Filter Certified By NIOSH For The Particulate
PROCEDURES FOR IDLH
ATMOSPHERES
 At
Least One Employee To Be Located
Outside
 Visual, Voice, Or Signal Communication
Must Be Maintained
 Outside Employee(s) Must Be Trained In
Rescue
 Manager Or Supervisor Must Be Notified
Before Any Rescue Attempt
PROCEDURES FOR IDLH
ATMOSPHERES (Cont.)
 Rescuers
Must Be Provided Necessary
Assistance And Equipment:
– A Pressure Demand Or Other Positive Pressure
SCBA Or SAR With Auxiliary SCBA
– Appropriate Retrieval Equipment
– Equipment Means For Rescue Where Retrieval
Equipment Is Not Required
BREATHING AIR QUALITY
 Compressed
Breathing Air Must Meet At
Least The Requirements For Grade D
Breathing Air
 Systems Supplying Breathing Air Must Be
Equipped With Appropriate In-Line Air
Purifying Sorbent Beds And Filters, And
Maintained Per Manufacturer’s Instructions
BREATHING AIR QUALITY
Minimum Requirements
 Oxygen
Content of 19.5% - 23.5% By Volume
 No More Than 5 Milligrams Of Hydrocarbon
(Condensed) Content Per Cubic Meter (mg/m3)
Of Air
 CO Content Of No More Than 10 Parts Per
Million (ppm)
 CO2 Content Of No More Than 1,000 ppm
 Lack Of Noticeable Odor
CLASSES OF FILTERS (Part 84)
 Three
Levels Of Filter Efficiency (95%,
99%, And 99.97%)
 Three Levels Of Filter Resistance To
Efficiency Degradation (Labeled N, R, And
P)
 Total Of Nine Classes Of Filters
FILTER SELECTION
 Selection
Of N, R, Or P Depends On
Whether There Are Oil Particles Present
 N For Not Resistant To Oil
 R For Resistant To Oil
 P For Oil Proof
FILTER SELECTION (Cont.)
 No
Oil Particles Present, Use Any Series
(N, R, Or P)
 Oil Particles Present, Use Only R Or P
Series
 Oil Particles Present And Filter Is To Be
Used More Than One Shift, Use Only P
Series
PHYSICIAN OR LICENSED HEALTH
CARE PROFESSIONAL (PLHCP)
 Individuals Whose
Legally Permitted Scope
Of Practice (License, Registration, Or
Certification) Allow Them To
Independently Provide, Or Be Delegated
The Responsibility To Provide, Some Or All
Of The Health Care Services Required By
Paragraph (e), Medical Examination
MEDICAL EVALUATION
PROCEDURES
 Provide
Medical Evaluation Before Fit
Testing And Respirator Use
 PLHCP May Use Questionnaire (Sections 1
And 2, Part A Of Appendix C) Or
Examination
 Follow-up Is Required For Any Positive
Response To Questions 1-8 in Section 2,
Part A Of Appendix C, Or Demonstrates
The Need During Examination
ADDITIONAL MEDICAL
EVALUATIONS
 Annual
Review Is Not Now Required
 Must Provide Additional Evaluations If:
– Employee Reports Problem Using Device
– PLHCP, Supervisor, Or Program Administrator
Thinks There Should Be
– Observations During Fit-Testing Indicates There
Should Be
– Changes Occur In The Workplace Or The Employee
RECORDKEEPING
 Training And
Medical Records Must Be
Maintained And Made Available
 Fit Test Records Must Be Maintained Until
The Next Test Is Administered
 A Written Copy Of The Current Program
Must Be Maintained
 All Written Materials Must Be Available To
Affected Employees, And State And Federal
Agents