Ethnomusicology
Music from Other Cultures
Phonograph
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First device capable of recording and
playing sound.
Invented by Thomas Alva Edison in
1877.
Made music from around the world
easily accessible to everyone.
Phonograph
Original tinfoil medium Phonograph, 1877
Phonograph
Edison Home Phonograph, c. 1896
Phonograph
Edison Standard Phonograph, c. 1898
Phonograph
Phonograph
Edison Record Catalog, 1903
Phonograph
Edison Record Catalog, 1911
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Ethnomusicologist- a person who
studies the music of many different
cultures.
Empathy- the ability to look at the
world from another person’s
perspective or “stand in someone
else’s shoes.”
Oriental & Occidental
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Oriental- Asian or Eastern (China, Japan,
Korea, Malaysia, etc.).
Occidental- Western European (UK,
France, Germany, Spain, Scandinavia,
etc.). Descended from Roman Empire and
immediate outlying “barbarian” tribes.
Relatively unfamiliar cultural elements
between hemispheres as these cultures
developed in relative isolation from each
other until the 1400s.
Progression of Economies
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Hunter/Gatherer- people obtain food
by hunting (meat) and gathering
(vegetables). Requires nomadic
lifestyle as groups move from one
food source to another. Simple
housing and few material
possessions. Dawn of man (c. 2
mya) to mesolithic (c. 10,000 ya).
Progression of Economies
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Pastoral- domestication of animals
for food, clothing, and defense.
Mesolithic (c. 10,000-3000 ya).
Wealth measured in possession of
livestock. Still nomadic, leading
herds to good pasture and limiting
possessions and housing.
Progression of Economies
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Agricultural- Farming (c. 3500 ya to
present). Development of
agriculture depended on irrigation
and a steady water supply (rivers),
so the earliest civilizations developed
along river valleys. The ability to
feed a large population in place
allowed increased possessions and
better housing and required a
military defense. Allows
specialization of labor and trade.
Progression of Economies
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Industrial- c. 1800 to present.
Economy based on mass production
and trade of goods.
Information/Technological?- present.
Economy based on trade of
information.
Music from Cameroon
Music from Cameroon
Music from Cameroon
Yaounde, Cameroon
Douala, Cameroon
Kribi Beach, Cameroon
Mandara Mountain Village
Waza Preserve
Bamileke Country
“The Chutes” Waterfalls
Music from Cameroon
Funeral Procession in the Atlantika Mountains
Lali
Music of the Bamileke
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Warrior dance.
Serves preparatory and celebratory
purposes.
Express bravery, virility, and
brotherhood.
Prohibited during colonial period as it
represented a threat to European
colonists.
Lali
Perceptive Listening
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Identify means.
How many musicians?
What instruments or what kinds of
instruments?
All instruments belong to what
family?
Music of Mexico
Music of Mexico
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Large country with many regions and
a variety of local cultures.
Largely mountainous.
Half of work force engaged in
agriculture.
Growing industrial and commercial
sectors.
Coastal areas have become a
favorite tourist destination.
Major Cultural Influences
1.
Native- The Aztec capital of
Tenoctitlan was at present Mexico
City. Many other native groups,
some vassal states to the Aztecs,
also occupied the area of present
Mexico.
Major Cultural Influences
2.
Spanish- Conquistadors under
Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519,
eventually conquered the Aztecs
under Montezuma, and took their
gold. Spanish colonization
introduced a rich European musical
heritage.
Major Cultural Influences
3.
4.
African- The Spanish imported
African slaves to work their colonial
plantations.
Caribbean- The culture of these
islands, itself a combination of
Spanish, African, and native
elements, influenced Mexico
through immigration and slave
trade.
Mestizo
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Literally “mixture,” in this case
referring to culture.
Cross fertizilation and blending of
Spanish, Indian (native), and African
cultures in Mexico.
Music of Mexico
Music of Mexico
Veracruz
Fort San Juan de Ulua
Veracruz
Zocalo Market
Zocalo Square
Music of Veracruz
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1.
2.
Sones Jarochos- traditional songs of
Veracruz.
Typically performed on four
instruments:
Arpon- 35- string harp, melody and
bass.
Requinto Jarocho- 4-string guitar,
melody.
Music of Veracruz
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3.
4.
Sones Jarochos Instrumentation
(continued):
Jarana- thin guitar.
Spanish Guitar- traditional 6-string.
Hear the Rhythm
Music of Mexico
Music of Mexico
Jalisco
Puerto Vallarta Beach
Puerto Vallarta
Malecon
Landmark Cathedral
Guadalajara
Mariachi Ensemble
Mariachi Festival Parade
Music of Jalisco
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Mariachi- ensemble employed for a
variety of styles. Instrumentation
includes several violins, two
trumpets, guitarron (bass guitar),
vihuela (short 5-string rhythm
guitar), and Spanish Guitar
(traditional 6-string).
Music of Jalisco
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Son Jalisciense- literally “song from
Jalisco.”
Cancion Ranchera- literally “country
song.”
La Negra
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One of the best known of the Sones
Jalisciense.
Example of polymeter, as accents
among the six beat measure shift to
arrange them in two groups of three
then three groups of two.
La Negra
Music from China
Music from China
Music from China
Shanghai
Beijing (Peking)
The Forbidden City
Beijing
The Forbidden City
Beijing
Golden Water Bridges
The Forbidden City
Beijing
Gate of the Celestial Guardians
The Forbidden City
Beijing
Five Dragon Pavilions
Temple of Heaven
Double Ring Pavilion
The Great Wall
Peking (Beijing) Opera
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Origins uncertain. Dated from 600
to 6000 years ago.
Chinese opera performed in a wide
variety of regional and local styles.
Combination of some of these styles
in Peking from 17th century.
Combines orchestral music, singing,
acrobatic martial arts, and
pantomime.
Peking Opera Characters
Peking Opera Characters
Lao Sheng
Xiao Sheng
Wu Sheng
The Story of White Snake
The Story of White Snake
The Story of White Snake
The Story of White Snake
The Story of White Snake
The Story of White Snake
Instruments Employed in
Peking Opera
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Jinghu- small, twostringed bowed lute,
accompanies male
roles.
Instruments Employed in
Peking Opera
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Jing Erhu- larger
version of jinghu,
accompanies female
roles.
Instruments Employed in
Peking Opera
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Yueqinround
plucked lute,
accompanies
male and
female roles.
Instruments Employed in
Peking Opera
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Yangqinhammered
dulcimer.
Instruments Employed in
Peking Opera
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Ruan- plucked lute.
Instruments Employed in
Peking Opera
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Pipa- pear-shaped
lute.
Operatic Vocal Technique
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Western (European) Opera- lower
range, voice resonates in chest.
Peking Opera- generally higher
range, voice resonates in head
cavities, producing the characteristic
“shrill tonal quality” (to Western
listeners).
Chapter 2 Test Review
1.
2.
3.
Which of Thomas Edison’s
inventions was most beneficial to
the music world?
EthnomusicologistThe ability to look at the world from
another person’s perspective or to
“stand in someone else’s shoes” is
called _____________.
Chapter 2 Test Review
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Where is Cameroon?
LaliMestizoSones JarochosGuitarron-
Chapter 2 Test Review
9.
10.
11.
12.
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14.
15.
The Story of White Snake is a wellknown _______________.
Briefly compare Western and Peking
operatic vocal techniques.
Hunter/GathererPastoralAgricultural
Industrial
Information/Technological-
Chapter 2 Test Review
16.
17.
Abraham measures his wealth in
livestock. He is a member of a
___________ society.
Joseph measures his wealth in fine
art and other possessions and lives
in a permanent house. Although
there are artisans, craftsman, and
trade, there is no large scale
manufacturing. He is a member of
an __________ society.
Chapter 2 Test Review
18.
19.
Adam must hunt animals or gather
vegetables to eat. He doesn’t farm,
but is an expert on the forest,
knowing just when certain foods
are available in which parts of his
territory. He is a ___________.
Henry’s society depends on largescale manufacture of goods for
trade, such as automobiles. He
works in a factory. He lives in an
____________ society.
Chapter 2 Test Review
20.
Billionaire Bill has earned his
billions selling “1”s and “0”s
arranged in very particular orders.
He calls these packages “programs”
or “applications” which control
machines. He is a member of an
________________ society.
Chapter 2 Test Review
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Listening:
Lali- warrior dance of the Bamileke.
Cameroon.
La Bamba- Son Jarochos. Veracruz.
La Negra- Son Jaliscience. Jalisco.
The Story of White Snake- Peking
Opera. China.
Ethnomusicology
Listening Test
Ethnomusicology
Music from Other Cultures