Create by
Mrs. Herman
2013
Levels of Organization
ATOMS
• Smallest
part of matter
• NON-living
Molecules
• 2 or more bonded atoms
• Form compounds
• NON-living
Organelles
• “Tiny organs”
• Made of macromolecules
• Nucleus, ribosomes
Cell
• Made of organelles
• Basic unit of life
• Different types of cells have different
functions
• LIVING
Tissue
• A lot of the same kind cell working together
• Living
Organs
• Tissues that work together
• Living
Heart,
Brain,
Lungs
Kidney
Organ Systems
• Organs that
work together
• Living
Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory
Organism
• Entire living things(organisms)
• Usually made of systems
• May be a single cell
• Living
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
Cells are organized in tissues.
Different tissues working together
to perform a particular job are
called organ. Groups of organs
that work together to complete a
series of tasks are called a
system. Many systems working
together make up an organism.
What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis (Greek for “staying the
same”) is a process by which the body
maintains a stable internal environment.

All of your body's systems work together
maintain homeostasis inside of your body.
Skeletal System

What is the skeletal
system?
 Bones, cartilage, joints and
other structures.

What is the function?




give us shape and support
Enables us to move
protect our internal organs
Store calcium, minerals
and fat
 Produce blood cells
http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX0a5c1b6775
57007c776141&t=Skeletal-System
Joints and ligaments

Joints are the
place where two
bones meet.

Ligaments are the
tissue that
connect bones to
other bones.
Muscular System
What is a muscle?
 Made of strong tissue that can contract
in an orderly way.
 Function:
 Attached to bones to provide support
and balance
 Protect your body
 Helps body maintain a constant
temperature.

http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX710e4305426d0d0f607351&t=Skeletal-System
Voluntary vs. Involuntary muscles

Voluntary - muscles are the ones that you can
control.
 Some examples include your muscles to move your
arm or legs.

Involuntary muscles don't need the brain to
send them messages.
 Some examples are: the muscles in your heart, the
muscles in your digestive system which move food
down to your stomach and The tiny muscles at the
bottom of the hairs on your arms which make your
hairs stand up when you are cold, or suddenly feel
scared.
Types of muscles
Cardiac – involuntary
muscle that is found only in
the heart
 Skeletal – the type of
muscle that attaches to
bone.
 Smooth – involuntary
muscles. Contraction of the
smooth muscles help move
material through the body
such as food in the stomach
or controls the movement of
blood through vessels.

Homeostasis

Muscular system helps the body maintain
homeostasis by:
 Muscle contractions help to keep your body warm
 Heart muscles contract more often during exercise to
get more oxygen to your cells and release carbon
dioxide.
Digestive System
http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_DSmoviesource.html
Digestive System

Function: to turn the food you eat into
useful energy for your body.

4 steps of the digestive system
• Ingestion – the act of eating or putting food in your mouth
• Digestion – the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small
particles and molecules that your body can absorb.
• Absorption – nutrients and water are taken in by cells
• Elimination – removal of undigested food and other waste from the
body
Digestive System & Homeostasis
The digestive system maintains homeostasis
by providing nutrients (fuel)
for all other body systems.
Excretory System
Function: collects
and eliminates
wastes from the
body and
regulates the
level of fluid in
the body.
Several different body
systems make up the
excretory system.
Types of Excretion
Urinary System processes, transports,
collects and removes liquid waste
 Respiratory System removes carbon dioxide
and water vapor
 Integumentary System (skin) secretes
excess salt and water though the sweat
glands.
 Digestive System removes unused, solid
waste

Organs of the Urinary System
kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra
Respiratory System
http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/RSmovie.html
Function: to bring oxygen into the body and
get rid of carbon dioxide.
 Parts of the Respiratory System include:

 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs
 Alveoli
Maintaining Homeostasis
The muscular system (diaphragm)
interacts with the respiratory system
(lungs) so you can breathe.
Circulatory System





Also called your
Cardiovascular System
Made up of the heart, blood
and blood vessels (arteries,
veins, capillaries)
Your body's delivery system.
Blood moving from the heart,
delivers oxygen and nutrients
to every part of the body.
On the return trip, the blood
picks up waste products so
that your body can get rid of
them
Blood
Function: Blood connects the circulatory system
with all other body systems. It transports
substances throughout the body, helps protect
against infection and helps regulate your body’s
temperature.
Parts of Blood
Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen.
 White Blood Cells – fight infections.
 Platelets – help you stop bleeding.
 Plasma – yellow liquid that carries
nutrients, hormones and proteins.

The Heart
http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/heart.html
Immune and Lymphatic System
Function of the Immune System

The immune system defends the body
against germs and microorganisms
every day.

Different parts of your body work
together to keep pathogens (something
that causes disease like bacteria,
viruses or harmful chemicals) from
making you sick.
Parts of the Immune System

The immune system is made up of
special cells, proteins, tissues, and
organs.
First Line of Defense

Function: keeping germs from reaching parts
of the body.
http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/ISmovie.html
Second Line of Defense
White blood cells – attack pathogens
Inflammatory response – cleans injured
area and keeps infection from spreading.
Third Line of Defense
Third line
defenders called
antibodies are
specific to
foreign
substances
antigens.
Vocabulary
antigen
antibody
B cell
Definition
A substance that causes an
immune response
Can attach to the antigen and
make it useless
Form and mature in the bone
marrow and secrete antibodies
into the blood
T cell
Form in the bone marrow and
mature in the thymus gland. They
produce a protein antibody that
becomes part of a cell membrane.
allergy
An overly sensitive immune
response to a common antigen.
What is Immunity
The resistance to specific pathogen.
The immune system works to maintain
homeostasis by protecting against invaders.
Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System is part of the
immune system and helps destroy
microorganisms that enter the body.
Functions of
the Lymphatic System
 absorbs some of the tissue fluid that collects around
cells.
 absorbs fats from the digestive system and transports
them to the circulatory system.
 filters dead cells, viruses, bacteria, and other
unneeded particles from tissue fluid and then returns the
tissue fluid to the circulatory system.
 helps fight off illness and infections and includes
structures in which white blood cells develop.
Parts of the Lymphatic System
Lymph
 Lymph Vessels
 Lymph Nodes
 Bone Marrow
 Thymus
 Spleen
 Tonsils

Lymphatic System and
Homeostasis

regulating fluid buildup around cells.

supports the circulatory system by
cleaning fluids and replacing them in the
bloodstream.

supports overall health by helping fight
infection.
The Nervous System
The Nervous
System is the
part of an
organism that
gathers,
processes and
responds to
information.
Function of the Nervous System
 Gathering
Information
 Responding
to Stimuli
 Maintaining
Homeostasis
Parts of the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System
 the brain
 The spinal cord

The Peripheral Nervous System
 Somatic system – controls the skeletal
muscles
 Autonomic system – controls smooth
and cardiac muscles
How it works
Neurons – nerve cells are the basic functioning
unit of the nervous system
A dendrite receives information from
another neuron or from another cell in your
body.
 The cell body processes that information
 The axon sends information out to another
neuron or cell in your body.

The Brain – the Control Center
Function- It receives information, processes it
and sends out a response. It also stores
information as memories.
3 parts – 3 functions
Cerebrum – controls memory,
language and thought.
 Cerebellum – coordinates
voluntary muscle movement and
regulates balance and posture.

(stores information about those movements
about riding a bicycle or tying a shoe)

Brain stem – controls
involuntary functions.
(sneezing, swallowing and coughing)
Maintaining Homeostasis

Your body maintains homeostasis by
receiving information from your
environment and responding to it.

The nervous system signals other
systems such as the digestive,
endocrine, and the circulatory system