Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance
Warm-Up
• 1. Restroom/Water
• 2. Copy homework into agenda
• 3. Make sure your name is on the Italian
Renaissance Art Review…….give to letter B in
your group……..6B please collect from every
group…..thank you.
• 4. Loose-leaf paper, title it Northern
Renaissance. Copy these questions onto the
paper.
– How did the Renaissance spread to northern
Europe?
– What contributions did “Masters” make to the
northern Renaissance?
– How did the works of northern “Masters” differ
from those of the Italian Renaissance?
Focus Questions
• How did the Renaissance spread to northern
Europe?
• What contributions did “Masters” make to the
northern Renaissance? Any big deals?
• How did the works of northern “Masters”
differ from those of the Italian Renaissance?
Prove it.
Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance in northern Europe (outside Italy)
• In the 1200s and 1300s, most cities in Europe were in
Italy. By the 1500s, however, large cities had also
sprouted in northern Europe.
• Soon the ideas of the Renaissance reached the growing
cities of London, Paris, Amsterdam, and others.
• Trade, the movement of artists and scholars to and
from the Italian Peninsula, and the development of
printing helped spread Renaissance ideas northward.
(Ramirez, Stearns, and Wineburg, 2008)
Big Picture:
• Like Italian masters, northern masters wanted their works to
have greater realism (to be realistic), but they used different
methods.
• For example, they used a more realistic style than the Italian
artists. People in northern paintings did not look like Greek
& Roman gods. Instead, they are more lifelike, with human
flaws.
• Italian painters painted “al fresco” – painting on wet plaster;
which dried quickly. In Flanders, Northern artists began using
oil paintings, which stays wet longer; allowing time for great
detail.
• Northern masters also worked on a broader range of
subjects. Many painted scenes of daily life (festivals,
working in fields, etc.), rather than Bible scenes and
mythological scenes favored by the Italian masters.
Johannes Gutenberg – Holy Roman
Empire = 1395 to 1468
• Literature flourished during the Renaissance and
spread Renaissance ideas, which can be greatly
attributed to Johannes Gutenberg.
• In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book
produced by using moveable type, The Bible,
and started a printing revolution that would
transform Europe.
Christine de Pizan France
1365 to 1430
• When she was 24, her husband died, and Pizan
became a writer employed by various dukes and
kings, in order to support her three children.
• Christine de Pizan, at first wrote poetry, however,
she earned popularity by writing books…..
– On women’s rights and seeking equality.
– On the history and rule of the dukes and kings she
worked for - King Charles V & VI of France.
– History - The victory of Joan of Arc at the Battle of
Orleans.
Desiderius Erasmus - Netherlands
(1466-1536)
• Priest and Humanist he
pushed for a Vernacular
(native language of a people)
form of the Bible; not just
Latin…which many can’t read.
• Wanted to reform (change)
the Catholic Church
• Wrote: The Praise of Folly
• Used humor to show the
immoral and ignorant
behavior of people, including
the clergy. He felt people
would be open minded and
be kind to others.
Sir Thomas Moore - England
(1478-1535)
• English Humanist
• Wrote: Utopia
• A book about a perfect society
in which men and women live
in harmony, there is no private
property, no one is lazy, all
people are educated and the
justice system is used to end
crime instead of executing
criminals.
• He questioned the authority of
King Henry VIII’s decision to
take control of religion in
England – and not the
Pope…..His head was chopped
off!!!
Miguel de Cervantes – Spain
1547 to 1616
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Wrote Don Quixote (kee-HOH-tay).
In this book Cervantes poked fun at
the romantic tales of the Middle
Ages.
It follows the adventures of Alonso
Quixano, a nobleman who reads so
many Medieval novels on knights
that he struggles with the fine line of
reality and illusion. He decides to set
out to revive the code of chivalry for
knights, under the name Don
Quixote. He recruits a simple farmer,
Sancho Panza, as his squire, who
often “plays along” with his
knight….such as attacking windmills.
Like many others of the Renaissance,
Cervantes thought that his time was
much better than the Middle Ages.
William Shakespeare - England
1564-1616
• English poet and playwright
• Well-known plays include:
Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet
• Influence and Impact on the Renaissance:
He expanded the dramatic potential of
characterization (his characters were very
complex), plot, language (creative), and genre
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Words or Phrases we use from
Shakespeare
"For goodness sake" - Henry VIII
- "Neither here not there" - Othello
- "Mum's the word" - Henry VI, Part II
- "Eaten out of house and home" - Henry IV,
Part II
- "Rant" - Hamlet
- "Knock knock! Who's there?" - Macbeth
- "All's well that ends well" - All's Well That
Ends Well
- "With bated breath" - The Merchant of
Venice
- "A wild goose chase" - Romeo and Juliet
- "Assassination" - Macbeth
- "Too much of a good thing" - As You Like It
- "A heart of gold" - Henry V
- "Such stuff as dreams are made on" - The
Tempest
- "Fashionable" - Troilus and Cressida
- "What the dickens" - The Merry Wives of
Windsor
- "Puking" - As You Like It
- "Lie low" - Much Ado About Nothing
- "Dead as a doornail" - Henry VI, Part II
- "Not slept one wink" Cymbeline- "Foregone conclusion" – Othello
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- "The world's mine oyster" - The Merry
Wives of Windsor
- "Obscene" - Love's Labour's Lost
- "Bedazzled" - The Taming of the Shrew
- "In stitches" - Twelfth Night
- "Addiction" - Othello
- "Naked truth" - Love's Labour's Lost
- "Faint-hearted" - Henry VI, Part I
- "Send him packing" - Henry IV
- "Vanish into thin air" - Othello
- "Swagger" - Henry V
- "Own flesh and blood" - Hamlet
- "Truth will out" - The Merchant of Venice
- "Zany" - Love's Labour's Lost
- "Give the devil his due" - Henry IV, Part I
- "There's method in my madness" - Hamlet
- "Salad days" - Antony and Cleopatra
- "Wear your heart on your sleeve" - Othello
- "Spotless reputation" - Richard II
- "Full circle" - King Lear
- "There's the rub" - Hamlet
- "All of a sudden" - The Taming of the Shrew
- "Come what, come may" - Macbeth
Jan van Eyck - Flanders
1390-1441
The Arnolfini Portrait The painting is
a small full-length double portrait,
which is believed to represent the
Italian merchant Giovanni di Nicolao
Arnolfini and possibly his wife.
• A master of oil painting, which was first
developed in Flanders (northern
Belgium). Italians painted “al fresco” –
painting on wet plaster, which dried
quickly.
• Oil lets artists paint intricate details and
surface texture, like the gold braid on a
gown.
• In the Arnolfini Portrait, Van Eyck
showed every fold in their rich gowns
and every detail of the chandelier above
their heads.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder – Flanders
1525 to 1569
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Bruegel preferred to paint people
in motion so the shape of their
bodies was more important than
the way the fabric of their clothes
draped around them – detail was
not important to him
Bruegel loved to paint landscapes.
Other Renaissance painters created
landscapes too, but they usually did
so as backdrops for religious
paintings.
Bruegel liked to paint peasants. He
often dressed up as a peasant and
wandered through towns looking
for inspiration. This earned him the
nickname “Peasant Bruegel”
Bruegel had two sons, Pieter
Brueghel the Younger and Jan
Brueghel the Elder. They both
became painters.
Albrecht Durer – Holy Roman
Empire
1471-1528
Four Horsemen of the
Apocalypse – four fierce
horsemen ride to announce the
end of the world.
• One of the greatest artists of
the North.
• Master both perspective and
fine detail
• Best known for his engravings,
made from an image carved on
metal, wood, or stone. Ink is
applied to the surface, and then
the image is printed on paper.
Review Focus
• How did the Renaissance spread to northern
Europe?
• What contributions did “Masters” make to the
northern Renaissance? Any big deals?
• How did the works of northern “Masters”
differ from those of the Italian Renaissance?
Prove it.
Independent
• A. Make an acrostic poem on the Northern Renaissance.
Use every master from the northern Renaissance in your
poem.
• B. Make an acrostic poem on the Northern Renaissance.
Use every master from the northern Renaissance in your
poem. Include two examples on how the northern
Renaissance compares to the Italian Renaissance. Also,
include one example on how the northern Renaissance is a
rebirth of the ancient world.
• C. Make an acrostic poem on the Northern Renaissance.
Use every master from the northern Renaissance in your
poem. Include three examples how the northern
Renaissance continues to impact modern society.
Students will read Sonnet 61 by Petrarch and
Sonnet 116 by Shakespeare to answer the following
questions:
• How would you summarize the main idea of
Petrarch's sonnet?
• In what ways does Shakespeare's sonnet explore
the theme of the nature of love?
• Both sonnets focus on the worldly romantic
love. How might the focus of these sonnets have
been different if they had been written during the
Middle Ages? Explain your answers.
Sonnet 61 – Francesco Petrarch
Sonnet 116 – William Shakespeare
Blest be the day, and blest the month and
year,
Season and hour and very moment blest,
The lovely land and place where first
possessed
By two pure eyes I found me prisoner;
And blest the first sweet pain, the first most
dear,
Which burnt my heart when Love came in
as guest;
And blest the bow, the shafts which shook
my breast,
And even the wounds which Love delivered
there.
Blest be the words and voices which filled
grove
And glen with echoes of my lady's name;
The sighs, the tears, the fierce despair of
love;
And blest the sonnet-sources of my fame;
And blest that thought of thoughts which is
her own,
Of her, her only, of herself alone!
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Let me not to the marriage of true
minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove:
O no; it is an ever-fixed mark,
That looks on tempests, and is never
shaken;
It is the star to every wandering bark,
Whose worth's unknown, although his
height be taken.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips
and cheeks
Within his bending sickle's compass
come;
Love alters not with his brief hours and
weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of
doom.
If this be error and upon me proved,
I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
SONNET 116 PARAPHRASE
Let me not to the marriage of true minds Let me not declare any reasons why two
Admit impediments. Love is not love True-minded people should not be married. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds, Which changes when it finds a change in circumstances,
Or bends with the remover to remove: Or bends from its firm stand even when a lover is unfaithful:
O no! it is an ever-fixed mark Oh no! it is a lighthouse
That looks on tempests and is never shaken; That sees storms but it never shaken;
It is the star to every wandering bark, Love is the guiding north star to every lost ship,
Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken. Whose value cannot be calculated, although its altitude can be measured.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Love is not at the mercy of Time, though physical beauty
Within his bending sickle's compass come: Comes within the compass of his sickle.
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, Love does not alter with hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom. But, rather, it endures until the last day of life.
If this be error and upon me proved, If I am proved wrong about these thoughts on love
I never writ, nor no man ever loved. Then I recant all that I have written, and no man has ever [truly] loved.
Petrarch Sonnet 61
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Blesses time and place when 1st saw Laura
Blesses pain and wounds of love
Blesses despair of lovel
Blesses his own fame derived from sonnets
Shakespeare Sonnet 116
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English sonnet
Attempt to define love/absence of love
Does not alter
Does not bend
Ever-fixed mark
Not time’s fool
Lasts till edge of doom
Witty epigrammatic closing couplet