Grade 4
Forms of Energy
Sound Energy
Big Idea 10
SC.4.P.10.1 & SC.4.P.10.2 & SC.4.P.10.3
Pacing Guide – Quarter 2 Topic 7 & 8
10/28-11/22
Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist
Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist
Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor
Department of Mathematics and Science
Office of Academics and Transformation
Benchmark Descriptions
• SC.4.P.10.1 – Observe and describe some basic forms
of energy, including light, heat, sound, electrical, and
the energy of motion.
• SC.4.P.10.2 – Investigate and describe that energy
has the ability to cause motion or create change.
• SC.4.P.10.3 – Investigate and explain that sound is
produced by vibrating objects and that pitch
depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.
What is Energy?
•
Energy is the ability to do work.
•
Energy is the ability to cause a change.
Energy can change an object’s:
motion
shape
temperature color
Forms of Energy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electrical
Light
Chemical
Sound
Heat/Thermal
Solar
Wind
•
•
•
•
Water
Nuclear
Plant & Animal bodies
Mechanical:
kinetic
potential
Forms of Energy
Energy Forms
• Heat/thermal
• Electrical
• Chemical
• Nuclear
• Mechanical:
potential
kinetic
• Light /Radiant
•
•
•
•
•
What Happens?
Objects warm. Food cooks.
Lights on. / Machines run.
Organisms move and grow.
Flashlights light up.
Generates electricity.
• Sled sits on top of a hill.
• Sled slides down the hill.
• Plants grow. / Lasers cut.
Basic Forms of Energy
Match up
Energy Forms
1. Sound
2. Electrical
3. Heat/thermal
4. kinetic
5. Light
What Happens?
A. Objects warm. Food cooks.
B. Lights on. / Machines run.
C. Matter vibrates.
D. Plants grow. / Humans see
E. Sled slides down the hill.
Energy cannot be made or destroyed
Energy can move from one object to another.
<
<
Energy can change from one form to another.
What is electrical energy?
• A form of energy that is produced when
electrons move from one place to another.
• Electrons are particles that are in the space
around the nucleus of an atom.
• The forces of attraction and repulsion make
electrons move.
https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter02.html
What is light?
• Light is something that allows us to see
objects.
• Light is a form of energy.
• Light is produced by the vibrations of
electrically charged particles.
Where Does Light Come From?
Sources of Light
Sun
Ceiling Lights
Light bulbs/lamps
Flashlight
Candle flame
Produced By
Nuclear reactions
Electricity
Electricity
Chemical reactions &
Electricity
Chemical energy
How does light travel?
• Light travels in a straight path.
• Light doesn’t travel through all objects.
These are classified as opaque.
What can happen when light
hits an opaque object?
• Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.
• Light can bounce off or be reflected.
Properties of Light
• Objects that let all light pass through
them:
transparent
• Objects that let some light pass through
them are:
translucent
Sound, Heat, and Light
Light Changes Direction
• Light bends or refracts as it passes from one
medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas)
to another.
• Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial
What Color is Light?
Write down responses in your notebook.
• Problem: What happens when we shine a
flashlight on a CD?
• Hypothesis:
• Test and Observe:
• Conclusion:
• As the light passes through the small ridges on shiny surface
of the CD the white light breaks or separates into the colors
of the rainbow.
More on Bending Light
White light includes all the colors of the
rainbow - ROY G BIV.
How a Prism Works
Light, Prisms and the Rainbow Connection Activity
What is Thermal Energy?
• Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic
and potential energy of the atoms in an object.
• When any form of matter gets warmer, the
kinetic energy of its atoms increases.
• The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy
increases.
• A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or
state of matter.
• Temperature is a measure of thermal energy.
How Does Heat Move?
• Thermal energy flows from warmer
substances to cooler substances.
• Heat can be transferred from one object to
another.
SOUND
SC.4.P.10.3 – Investigate and explain that
sound is produced by vibrating objects and
that pitch depends on how fast or slow the
object vibrates.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is Sound?
https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp
• Sound is a form of energy produced by a
vibration or a back and forth movement of an object.
• Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from its
source of its matter.
• The more vibrations the waves have, the more energy,
the louder the sound.
• The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the higher
the sound.
• How high or low a sound is called the pitch.
Sound Travels
• Sound travels in waves.
• Sound must travel through matter to be
heard.
• Remember: Matter can be a solid, a liquid, or
a gas.
• A sound is made when things vibrate.
• Sound travels by sending vibrations through
matter.
Let’s Explore!
Sound Energy Stations
Exploring Sound
What did you hear?
 Station #1 -How does sound travel through solids?
 Station #2 -How does sound travel through liquids?
 Station #3 -How does sound travel through gases?
 Station #4- How can you make different sounds with
a ruler?
 Station #5 -How is sound made?
 Station #6 –Good Vibrations!
Reflection:
What do you know about sound now?
Sound Travels Through Matter
Liquids
Solids
Most of the sounds we
hear travel through
gases, such as air.
Some sounds that we
hear travel through
water.
Some sounds that we
hear travel through
solids.
Sound waves travel
slowly through the air.
Sound waves travel a
faster through water
than through the air.
Gases
For example: Sound
from a bell, a horn, or
an alarm clock travels
through the air.
Sonar is the way to use
sounds to locate
objects under water.
What animals use
sonar?
Sound waves travel
very fast through
solids.
For example: When you
hit a drum, it vibrates,
then the sound travels
through the air, to your
ears.
In which state of matter, gas,
liquid, or solid does sound travel
the best?
• Sound travels the fastest and is heard the best
through solids.
• Sound travels the slowest and is the quietest when
traveling through gases.
• Sound travels at different speeds in different states
of matter/materials.
• Can sound travel in a vacuum? Explain.
https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp
Sound makes the air vibrate.
• For sound to be heard, sound vibrations must have
air or some other kind of matter to travel through.
• You cannot hear sound in outer space because there
is no air or other matter to carry sound vibrations.
• How do you think astronauts are able to talk each
other in outer space?
Sound can also be blocked.
THINK:
Why do some people wear ear coverings?
Cover your ears!
• Some people who work near loud
machines wear ear coverings.
• The coverings block some of the sound
vibrations from reaching the ears.
• The ear coverings protect your ears from
the noise.
• Have you ever covered your ears? Why?
How do we make sounds?
• We use our vocal cords to make sounds
in our throat.
• When we speak, our vocal cords vibrate.
• Place your hand on your throat when
you talk, and you can feel the vocal
cords vibrate.
Loudness or Volume
• Volume is the loudness or the softness of a
sound.
• Loud sounds use a lot of energy.
• Soft sounds use a little energy.
• Example: The harder a drum is hit, the more
the drum will vibrate . The more an object
vibrates, the louder the sound it makes.
Pitch
• Pitch is the highest or lowest sound an
object makes.
• Objects that vibrate slowly, make a low
pitch. Example-drum.
• Objects that vibrate quickly, make a
higher pitch. Example-recorder
Music
• Music is a combination or sequences of
sounds that people enjoy listening to.
• Musical instruments make different sounds
by plucking the strings.
• The shorter the string, the quicker it
vibrates producing a high sound.
• The longer the string, the slower it vibrates
producing a low sound.
Resources
(Click on or copy and paste links to access websites)
ENERGY INTERACTIVE ONLINE RESOURCES:
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT:
HTTP://WWW.CHILDRENSUNIVERSITY.MANCHESTER.AC.UK/INTERACTIVES/SCIENCE/ENERGY
SCIENCE FOR KIDS: SOUND AND HEARING
HTTP://ACSWEBCONTENT.ACS.ORG/SCIENCEFORKIDS/INDEX.HTML#SOUND
ENERGY VIDEOS AND MORE:
THE ENERGY STORY: HTTP://ENERGYQUEST.CA.GOV/STORY/INDEX.HTML
MECHANICAL ENERGY (ANIMATION)
HTTP://APP.DISCOVERYEDUCATION.COM/PLAYER/?ASSETGUID=2768797E-A7A0-45F5-B7A4812CD3422F7D&FROMMYDE=0&ISPRINTERFRIENDLY=0&PROVIDER=&ISLESSONFROMHEALTH=0&PRODU
CTCODE=DETB&ISASSIGNED=FALSE&INCLUDEHEADER=YES&HOMEWORKGUID=
ENERGY HTTP://WWW.ENERGYEDUCATION.TX.GOV/ENERGY/SECTION_1/TOPICS/INDEX.HTM
KIDS AND ENERGY HTTP://WWW.KIDS.ESDB.BG/INDEX.HTML
DISCOVERY EDUCATION RESOURCES:
FUNDAMENTAL: ENERGY MAKES IT HAPPEN
EXPLORATION: FORMS OF ENERGY
E-BOOK: FORMS OF ENERGY
VIDEO: SOURCES OF ENERGY
VIDEO: WHAT IS LIGHT?
HTTP://IMAGES.SEARCH.YAHOO.COM
HTTP://OFFICE.MICROSOFT.COM/CLIPART