Today’s Agenda
Any Announcements?
Any Questions?
TSW understand the origins of political parties in the
United States. TSW identify and describe four major
periods of single-party domination and describe the
current era of divided government. TSW understand
the meaning of the terms incumbent, faction,
electorate and sectionalism.
Let’s Begin Today’s Lesson…..
Political Parties
Today's Standard:
GC.25 Analyze the origin, development, and role of political
parties. (H, P)
Our First Parties....
This Song Explains It Well....
Agreed?
The song told us about the FEDERALISTS
and the DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS.
Alexander Hamilton: Pro-Business –
Federalist Party
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison:
Pro-Agrarian – Democratic-Republican
Party
Four Major Eras
1800 to 1860 – Democrats won 13 of 15 presidential
elections. Lost in 1840 and 1848.
1860 to 1932 – Republicans won 14 of 18
presidential elections. Lost in 1884, 1892, 1912
and 1916.
1932 to 1968 – Democrats won 7 of 9 presidential
elections. Lost in 1952 and 1956.
1968 to Present – Divided Government Republicans have won 7 of 12. Our text book was
printed before President Obama went 2-0.
Era #1 – Era of the Democrats
Thomas Jefferson was elected in 1800. The
Federalist party lost this election and ceases to
exist by 1816. Turn in your text book to page 134
and follow along with the timeline.
Democratic-Republican party dominated elections
until the mid-1820s when they began squabbling
among themselves, forming factions of smaller
groups disagreeing with other groups on various
issues.
Federalist Party is Gone
The Whig Party fills the Vacuum
Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) began what history
professors call Jacksonian Democracy.
The Whig Party formed to oppose Jacksonian
Democracy.
A pattern continues: The vast majority of Democratic
party supporters lived in the South and the emerging
West. The Whigs were supported by East Coast
bankers, merchants, industrialist and owners of large
southern plantations.
A storm cloud is beginning to form on the horizon.....
The Cloud Gets a Lot Closer!
The 1850s witnessed a storm cloud getting larger
and larger, more ominous and more dangerous....
Slavery – this issue caused both parties to fracture
into different factions with various views on the
topic of slavery. What does factions mean?
In 1854, some Whigs splintered apart and became
members of a brand new party, the Republican
party. They ran a candidate for President in 1856,
John C. Fremont, and their second candidate won
in 1860. Hmm... Who could that be?????
Republican Party is the Party of Lincoln
Lincoln's win with the the Republican party
marked a first and last in U.S. politics. A
newer, 'third party', grew in four years into a
major party and won a presidential election
in its literally infancy. That feat has never
been replicated.
Era #2 – Era of the Republicans
Lincoln's win in 1860 was one of major factors that
caused the Civil War a year later. The
Republican party would dominate presidential
elections until 1932.
Look at page 129. Read the paragraph containing
the bolded word electorate and the paragraph
that follows it.
What does electorate mean? Sectionalism?
1932 – The Great Depression
The Democrats grabbed the momentum back and
dominated presidential elections from 1932 to
1968. Franklin Roosevelt won the 1932 election.
Our country had been suffering from the Great
Depression since 1929. FDR promised hope. A
large part of the electorate blamed the Republican
party for the Great Depression, pointing out how
big business and the banks of the times were
failing to stay open, costing people their jobs and
their money. This video explains it well.
If you were a customer of the Savings and
Loan, who would you vote for?
Do you think old mean Mr. Potter was
portraying a Republican or a Democrat?
Pivotal events, huge swings in party support.
The Civil War. The Great Depression.
1968. 1968?
1968
“The year 1968 was a watershed year in American
history — a turning point for the nation and its
people. A year of vivid colors, startling sounds,
and searing images. A turbulent, relentless
cascade of events that changed America forever.
From assassinations and conflicts, pop culture
and free love, civil rights and women's rights,
Americans questioned traditional values and
authority that sent shockwaves across the
country, including in Western Pennsylvania.” Heinz History Center - Heinz Museum Video....
Some key events of 1968
The turbulent 1960s reached a boiling point in 1968.
In February, the Tet Offensive in Vietnam brought a
shift in American public opinion toward the war
and low approval ratings for the President.
On April 4, Martin Luther King's assassination led to
another wave of grief. Then waves of rioting
swept America. Two months later, shortly after
Robert Kennedy spoke to a crowd cheering his
sweep in the California primary, an assassin
named Sirhan Sirhan ended Kennedy's life. The
nation was numb. - http://www.ushistory.org
1968 Democratic Convention was in the news
Antiwar protesters flocked to Chicago to prevent the
inevitable Hubert Humphrey nomination, or at least to
pressure the party into softening its stance on
Vietnam. The incumbent, Lyndon Johnson, decided
not to run. What does incumbent mean?
Mayor Richard Daley ordered the Chicago police to take
a tough stance with the demonstrators. As the crowds
chanted "The whole world is watching," the police
bloodied the activists with clubs and released tear gas
into the streets. The party nominated Humphrey, but
the nation began to sense that the Democrats were a
party of disorder.
Violence Outside and Inside
http://www.c-span.org/video/?74510-1/1968democratic-convention
October of 1968
Oct 18th - US Olympic Committee suspends Tommie
Smith & John Carlos for giving "black power" salute
as a protest during victory ceremony.
1968 Begins a New Era
The Republicans had a comparatively smooth campaign,
nominating Richard Nixon as their candidate. Nixon spoke
for the "Silent Majority" of Americans who supported the
effort in Vietnam and demanded law and order.
Alabama Governor George Wallace ran on the American
Independent Party ticket. Campaigning for "segregation
now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" Wallace
appealed to many white voters in the South. His running
mate, Curtis LeMay, suggested that the United States
bomb Vietnam "back to the Stone Age."
When the votes were tallied in November, Nixon cruised to
an electoral vote landslide while winning only 43.4 percent
of the popular vote.
Some other Key 1968 Events
Jan 21st - Vietnam War: Battle of Khe Sanh - One of the
most publicized and controversial battles of the war
begins. Lasting 77 days, the "siege" of Khe Sanh saw
American and South Vietnamese forces suffer 703 killed,
2,642 wounded, and 7 missing. PAVN losses are not
known with accuracy but are estimated at between
10,000-15,000 dead and wounded
Feb 8th – Police officers kill 3 college students
demonstrating at SC State (Orangeburg) – 30 unarmed
black man protesting at a white-only bowling alley shot at
by policemen.
1968 Continued
Mar 4th - Martin Luther King Jr announces
plans for Poor People's Campaign.
Apr 4th - Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated
in Memphis, Tennessee
Apr 11th - President Johnson signs 1968 Civil
Rights Act
Apr 24th - Leftist students take over Columbia
University, NYC
1968 Continued
May 12th - "March of Poor" under Reverend
Ralph Abernathy reaches Washington, DC
Jun 6 – Robert Kennedy shot in California.
Jul 23rd - Race riot in Cleveland, 11 killed
including 3 policemen.
Aug 25th - Arthur Ashe becomes 1st black to
win US singles championship
The Kiss That Shocked the South
Star Trek - November, 1968 – Captain Kirk kisses Uhuru.
NBC, nervous about the reaction from their Southern
affiliates, insisted that an alternate take be shot, one
without the kiss. NBC executives finally conceded and
said, "Let's go with the kiss."
1968 Changed Our Nation
Our nation's innocence was shattered by the events
of 1968. After King was shot “Over the course of
the following week, riots broke out in 125 cities
nationwide.” In many instances the National
Guard was required to quell the violence. In
Washington, Chicago and Baltimore, it took tens
of thousands of regular army soldiers and
Marines. When they were over, some 39 people
were dead, more than 2,600 injured and 21,000
arrested. The damages were estimated at $65m about $385m today.” - The Guardian
Vietnam was at its height
American Vietnam War-Related Deaths by Year
1956-60
9
1967 11,153
1961
16
1968 16,592
1962
52
1969
11,616
1963
118
1970
6,081
1964
206
1971
2,357
1965
1,863
1972
641
1966
6,143
1973
168
1974
178
Our Nation Has Never Been The Same
1968 was the beginning our our current
Fourth Era of divided politic dominance.
Obama's re-election may indicate that we
may be witnessing a Fifth Era about to
begin. What do you think?
Political Parties
Today's Standard:
GC.25 Analyze the origin, development, and role of political
parties. (H, P)