AP World History
Period Five: Industrialization and Global Integration
c. 1750- c. 1900
Historical Periodization
• Why 1750 – 1900?
– What global processes, world historical events, and
major turning points were going around those dates?
• 1750 –
– Mainly agricultural based societies
– People beginning to question political and religious
authority(Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment)
• 1900 –
– The “West” has industrialized
– Europe, Japan, and US control huge portions of the
world
Period Five Key Concepts
• 5.1 – Industrialization and Global Capitalism
–
New ways of producing goods and the economic reaction to it
• 5.2 – Imperialism and Nation-State Formation
–
European global domination and unification of states
• 5.3 – Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform
–
Challenges and overthrow of traditional political systems
• 5.4 – Global Migration
–
Mass movement of people followed industrialization and global
empires
Revolution and Nationalism
A Period of Revolution
• The late 18th century marks the beginning of an
intense period of revolution against existing
governments
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American Revolution
French Revolution
Haitian Revolution
Latin American Revolutions
• The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought
that questioned the established traditions in all
areas of life preceded and influenced these
revolutions
Enlightenment Thinkers
• John Locke
– Social Contract
– Individual rights – life, liberty,
property
– Government role to protect
these rights
• Voltaire
– Freedom of speech/press and
religion
Popular Sovereignty
• Collectively,
enlightenment thought
provoked the idea of
popular sovereignty
– Notion that the legitimate
political control rests with
the people who make up a
society, not kings
American Revolution
• Laws passed by the English
government to limit expansion
as well as pass taxes on the
American colonies
• American colonies looking for
more independence
• On July 4, 1776 the
Declaration of Independence
is issued
• War goes on until 1781
• In 1789, the U.S. sets up a new
constitutional structure with
checks and balances between
the different branches of
government as well as limited
voting rights (to wealthy white
males)
French Revolution
• France was in economic turmoil
in 1780’s
• Society divided into ancien
regime (Three Estates)
• King Louis XVI forced to call
estates general in 1789
– 3rd estate delegates only have
one vote
– Tennis Court Oath July 1789
French Revolution
• 3rd Estate declare themselves
the National Assembly
• Write The Declaration of the
Rights of Man and the Citizen
• Based on ideas of Declaration
of Independence and other
Enlightenment ideas
French Revolution
• 1792-1793 were the radical
phase of revolution known as
Reign of Terror
– Led by Robespierre and the
Jacobins
French Revolution
• Final phase of revolution
occurred under Napoleon from
1799 to 1815 during which
expansion of the French empire
occurred
• Parliament reduced in power,
but religious freedom, equality
for men, education, were
promoted
• Olympia de Gouges Declaration
of the Rights of Woman and the
Female Citizen
Haitian Revolution
• Led by former slave Toussaint
Louverture
• Had support of large
communities of maroons
– Escaped slaves hiding out in
mountains
• Napoleon sends forces to put it
down, but they are unable to
• Achieves independence in 1804
Latin American Revolutions
CAUSES
• Political and Social Inequality
–
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Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattoes
Native Amer./Africans/Zambos
•Enlightenment Ideas
•Napoleon’s Actions
•Success of Other Revolutions
Leaders of Latin American Independence
Movements
Simon Bolivar
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Dom Pedro
Jose San Martin
Augustin de Iturbide
Nationalism
• Beginning in the 18th century, people around the
world began developing a sense of commonality
based on language, religion, social customs, and
territory
• These newly imagined national communities linked
this identity with the borders of the state
• Some governments used this idea to unite diverse
populations
– Italy and Germany