Force Protection Operations
March OPD
React to Unexploded Ordinance Hazards
AWT 093-401-5040
Purpose
The purpose is to familiarize leaders with
force protection tactics, techniques, and
procedures which have been successful in
Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi
Freedom.
OPD MARCH 2004
Agenda
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•
•
•
References
Force Protection Operations TTP
Summary and Review
Conclusion
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References
CALL 03-20
FM 4-01.011
FM 7-98
FM 3-21
FM 71-1
FM 3-19.4
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Force Protection Operations
• Security Operations
• Checkpoint Operations
• Explosive Hazards
• Convoy Operations
React to Unexploded Ordinance Hazards
AWT 093-401-5040
OPD MARCH 2004
Explosive Hazards
– Unexploded Ordinance (UXO) and
Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) that
have failed to function as designed
– UXO and IED that have failed to detonate
by design (for example: area denial
munitions, land mines, and booby traps)
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Explosive Hazards
• Three steps to take in reacting to UXO/IED
– Recognize the explosive hazard
– React to the explosive hazard
– Report the explosive hazard
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Explosive Hazards
• Improvised Explosive Devices (IED)
– Package type
– Vehicle borne
– Suicide bomber
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Methods of Activation
• Command activation--by radio, electric
leads, pull wire/mechanical strikers.
• Action by the subject/target--trip wire,
pressure device, light sensitive device,
electric.
• Time delay--clock, burning fuse,
chemical delay, atmospheric pressure
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Suicide Vest
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Partially Detonated IED
IEDs in OIF/OEF
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Pepsi Can IED
Saddam Poster IED
More IEDs
Blasting Cap
Explosive Charge(s)
Car Alarm
w/ Batteries
Firing Wire
Car Alarm
D cell Batteries
Explosive Charge
Firing Wire
Electric Blasting
Cap
Car
Car Alarm
Alarm
CellBatteries
DDCell
Batteries
IEDs in OIF/OEF
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED)
TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs)
The Basic “No Frills” IED Attack
Mil/Civ Convoy
Direction
of Traffic
IED Placed on Shoulder
Median Strip
Median Strip
Median Strip
Typical Iraqi 4 lane highway
Variation: IED Placed in the Median Strip
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED)
TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs)
The “Broken Down Vehicle” IED Attack
Stopped fake “Broken Down” vehicle canalizes
military traffic into close proximity to IED
Median Strip
Median Strip
IED
Direction
of Traffic
Median Strip
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICE (IED)
TACTICS, TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES (TTPs)
Easily seen
Fake IED
The “Fiendishly Clever” IED Attack
Lead vehicle sees fake IED and stops. The
convoy stops behind it. Real IEDs on flanks of
stopped convoy are then command detonated
Visible Wires
Median Strip
Direction
of Traffic
The Real IEDs Daisy Chained Together
Median Strip
Median Strip
Ambush Technique
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Result of IED/Ambush
Chechnya IED
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Chechnya IED
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Chechnya IED
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Chechnya IED
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Chechnya IED
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What Can You do to Mitigate Threat?
• Keep Alert: Make yourself a “Hard Target”
• Be Prepared for IED Attack Followed by Ambush
• Be and Appear Vigilant
• Personnel Who Look Ready to Fight Back Make Bad
Targets
• Bad Guys Wait for the Next Convoy
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What Can You do to Mitigate Threat?
• Maintain Convoy Speed when Possible
• Maintain vehicle dispersion
• Be Extra Cautious at choke points
-Iraqi Vehicle Breakdowns
-Bridges, one way roads, traffic jams, sharp
turns, etc…
• If Something Causes the Convoy to Stop,
Watch Your Flanks for IEDs (Post Ops)
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What Can You do to Mitigate Threat?
• Vests and Helmets Save Lives…Wear
Them!
• Ballistic Glasses Save Eyesight
• Wear Earplugs-Prevents damage to
eardrums
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What Can You do to Mitigate Threat?
• Rehearse Actions on Contact for an IED
• Get Out of the “Kill Zone” Fast
• Do NOT Approach the IED
• Soldier was Killed Doing this when the IED was
Command Detonated as the Soldier “Inspected” It
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Summary
The purpose has been to familiarize leaders
with force protection tactics, techniques, and
procedures which have been successful in
Afghanistan and Iraq
OPD MARCH 2004
Look Hard, Be Hard
“This is about shifting the mindset of soldiers from
identifying what they do as a soldier- - ‘I’m a cook,
I’m an infantryman, I’m a postal clerk’ - - toward ‘I
am a warrior’ when people ask what they do for a
living.”
BG Benjamin Freakley
Commander
U.S. Army Infantry Center
Conclusion
U.S. soldiers can use the lessons learned in
Afghanistan and Iraq to successfully secure
fixed sites, deter and prevent terrorist
attacks, and save lives.
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QUESTIONS?
OPD MARCH 2004