For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
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Medical Rep&Business analyst Medical Rep&Business analyst Management-Trainee interview. th To 12th Topic : -Designing Simulation Analysis of Commercial Car and Indian Design- at Saiaditya Seminar Hall List of countries and capitals with currency and language From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent, displayed with their respective national flags and capitals, and including their respective currencies and native languages. This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into adjacent continents. The continents are: Africa year year year Rs.1,44,000/-PA after 1 year Rs.3,00,000/-PA Selection Process: Pre-placement talk, Written test, group discussion, public speaking skills and personal Workshop by MetaWing Group On Nov 10 year Asia Europe North America South America ((Australasia]] (a geopolitical region, which includes the continent of Australia and the Pacific Islands) Antarctica In other models, Asia and Europe can be combined as Eurasia, while North and South America can be combined as the Americas (for a detailed description of how the world is divided into continents, including different models, see here). There are sovereign states and dependent territories that can be considered to belong to more than one continent, according to geographical, political, or historical criteria. Contents [hide] 1 Africa 2 Asia 3 Europe 4 North America 5 South America 6 Oceania 7 Antarctica 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links Africa[edit] Africa Area 30,221,532 km2(11,668,599 sq mi) Population 2,032,532,974[1] (2011, 2nd) Pop. density 30.51/km2 (about 80/sq mi) Countries 57 (list of countries) Languages Languages of Africa Time zones UTC-1 to UTC+4 Main articles: Africa and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa Further information: Geography of Africa For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.2 million km² (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area.[2] With 1.0 billion people (as of 2009, see table), it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by theMediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Oceanto the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagoes. It has 54 fully recognized sovereign states ("countries"), 10 territories and two de facto states with limited recognition.[3] Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the origin of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), asevidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to around seven million years ago – including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster – with the earliest Homo sapiens (modern human) found in Ethiopia being dated to circa 200,000 years ago.[4] Africa straddles the equator and encompasses numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and 5.5% in 2011.[6] Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Algeria Algiers Dinar Arabic Angola Luanda Kwanza Portuguese Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Benin Porto-Novo (official) Cotonou (seat of government) CFA franc French Botswana Gaborone Pula English Setswana Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA franc French Burundi Bujumbura Rupie Kirundi French Cameroon Yaoundé CFA franc French English Cape Verde Praia Cape Verdean escudo Portuguese Central African Republic Bangui CFA franc French Sango Chad N'Djamena CFA franc French Arabic Comoros Moroni Comorian Comorian franc Arabic French Congo (CongoBrazzaville) Brazzaville CFA franc French Flag Name Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Capital Yamoussoukro (official) Abidjan (seat of government) Democratic Republic of the Congo (CongoKinshasa Kinshasa) Currency Official language CFA franc French Congolese franc French French Arabic Djibouti Djibouti Djiboutian franc Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound Arabic Equatorial Guinea Malabo Spanish Equatorial French Guinean peseta Portuguese Eritrea Asmara Tallero Tigrinya Arabic English Ethiopia Addis Ababa Birr Amharic Gabon Libreville CFA franc French Gambia Banjul Gambian dalasi English Ghana Accra Ghana cedi English Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Guinea Conakry Guinean franc French Guinea-Bissau Bissau CFA franc Portuguese Kenya Nairobi Kenyan shilling Swahili English Lesotho Maseru Lesotho loti English Sesotho Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar English Libya Tripoli Dinar Arabic Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy ariary Malagasy French Malawi Lilongwe Kwacha English Chichewa Mali Bamako CFA franc French Mauritania Nouakchott Ouguiya Arabic Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee Mauritian Creole French Flag Name Capital Currency Official language English Mayotte Mamoudzou Overseas department of France Euro French Morocco Rabat Moroccan dirham Arabic Berber Mozambique Maputo Mozambican metical Portuguese Namibia Windhoek Namibian dollar English Niger Niamey CFA franc French Nigeria Abuja Naira English Réunion Saint-Denis Overseas department of France Euro French Rwanda Kigali Kinyarwanda Rwandan franc English French Jamestown (Saint Helena) Saint Helena, Ascension Georgetown (Ascension Island) and Tristan da Cunha Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (Tristan da Cunha) Saint Helena pound Pound sterling English Sao Tome and Principe São Tomé Dobra Portuguese Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Dakar CFA franc French Seychelles Victoria Seychellois rupee Seychellois Creole French English Sierra Leone Freetown Leone English Somalia Mogadishu Somali shilling Somali Arabic Somaliland Hargeisa Somaliland shilling Somali Arabic Afrikaans English Southern Ndebele Northern Sotho Southern Sotho Swazi Tsonga Tswana Venda Xhosa Zulu Senegal South Africa Pretoria (administrative/executive) Cape Town (legislative) Bloemfontein (judicial) South African rand South Sudan Juba South Sudanese English pound Sudan Khartoum Sudanese pound Arabic English Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Swaziland Mbabane (administrative) Lobamba (royal and legislative) Lilangeni English Swati Tanzania Dodoma (official) Dar es Salaam (seat of government) Tanzanian shilling Swahili English Togo Lomé CFA franc French Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar Arabic Uganda Kampala Ugandan shilling Swahili English Luganda None Moroccan dirham Algerian dinar Mauritanian ouguiya See respective claimants Western Sahara None Disputed territory between Morocco and the Arab Democratic Republic Zambia Lusaka Zambian kwacha English Zimbabwe Harare various English Shona Sindebele Asia[edit] Asia Sahrawi Area 44,579,000 km2(17,212,000 sq mi)[7] Population 5,879,000,000 (1st)[8] Pop. density 87/km2 (225/sq mi) Countries 48 (list of countries) Languages List of languages Time zones UTC+2 to UTC+12 Main articles: Asia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia Further information: Geography of Asia For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. Asia ( i/ˈeɪʒə/ or /ˈeɪʃə/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area) and with approximately 4.3 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population. During the 20th century Asia's population nearly quadrupled.[9] Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal, the Ural river, and theUral Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma-Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Given its size and diversity, Asia – a toponym dating back to classical antiquity – "is more a cultural concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia differs very widely among and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties and government systems. Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Abkhazia Sukhumi De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Russian ruble Recognized by United Nations as part ofGeorgia. Georgian Abkhaz Russian Afghanistan Kabul Afghani Pashto Dari (Persian) Akrotiri and Dhekelia Episkopi Cantonment Euro English Greek Armenia Yerevan Dram Armenian Azerbaijan [Europe] Baku Manat Azerbaijani Bahrain Manama Bahraini dinar Arabic Bangladesh Dhaka Taka Bengali Bhutan Thimphu Bhutanese ngultrum Dzongkha British Indian Ocean Territory Diego Garcia Overseas territory of the United Kingdom US dollar UK pound English Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei dollar Bahasa Melayu Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Cambodia Phnom Penh Riel Khmer China Beijing Renminbi (yuan) Standard Chinese Christmas Island Flying Fish Cove External territory of Australia Australian dollar English Cocos (Keeling) Islands West Island External territory of Australia English Cyprus [Europe] Nicosia Euro Greek Turkish East Timor (TimorLeste) Dili US Dollar Portuguese Tetum Georgia [Europe] Tbilisi Lari Georgian Hong Kong Special administrative region of China Hong Kong dollar English Cantonese India New Delhi Rupee Hindi English Marathi Tamil Telugu konkani Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah Indonesian Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Iran Tehran Rial Persian Iraq Baghdad Iraqi dinar Kurdish Arabic Israel Jerusalem New shekel Hebrew Arabic Japan Tokyo Yen Japanese Jordan Amman Jordanian dinar Arabic Kazakhstan Astana Tenge Kazakh Russian Kurdistan Erbil Dinar Kurdish Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti dinar Arabic Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Som Kyrgyz Russian Laos Vientiane Kip Lao Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound Arabic Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Macau Special administrative region of China Macanese pataca Portuguese Cantonese Malaysia Kuala Lumpur (official) Putrajaya (seat of government) Ringgit Malaysian Maldives Malé Maldivian rufiyaa Maldivian Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Tögrög Mongolian Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw Kyat Burmese Nagorno-Karabakh Stepanakert De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Recognized by United Nations as de jure part of Azerbaijan Armenian dram Armenian Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese rupee Nepali Northern Cyprus Nicosia De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Recognized by United Nation as de jure part ofCyprus Turkish lira Turkish North Korea Pyongyang North Korean won Korean Oman Muscat Rial Arabic Flag Name Capital Currency Pakistani Rupee Official language English Urdu Pakistan Islamabad Palestine East Jerusalem (claimed capital) Ramallah (West Bank seat of government) Gaza (Gaza Strip seat of government) Israeli shekel Territory occupied by Israel State of Palestine (flag displayed) proclaimed on territory Arabic Philippines Manila Philippine Peso Filipino English Qatar Doha Riyal Arabic Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi riyal Arabic Singapore Singapore Singapore dollar English Chinese Malay Tamil South Korea Seoul South Korean won Korean South Ossetia Tskhinvali De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Recognized by United Nations as de jure part of Georgia Russian ruble Ossetic Georgian Russian Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Sri Lankan rupee Sinhala Tamil Flag Name Capital Syrian pound Official language Syria Damascus Taiwan Taipei De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition New Taiwan dollar Recognized by United Nations as part ofChina. Standard Chinese Tajikistan Dushanbe Somoni Tajik Thailand Bangkok Baht Thai Turkey [Europe] Ankara Turkish lira Turkish Turkmenistan Ashgabat Turkmen new manat Turkmen United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi Notes Currency Arabic UAE dirham Arabic Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan som (O'zbekiston so'mi) Uzbek Vietnam Hanoi đồng Vietnamese Yemen Sana'a Yemeni rial Arabic Tagalog 1. The Russian Federation is classified as a European country by the United Nations Statistics Division. Russia is historically the successor of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a medieval state of northeastern Europe. The Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in the late 16th century. Today, most of the territory of Russia is in Asia, but most of its population lives in the European part. Europe[edit] Europe Area 10,180,000 km2(3,930,000 sq mi)[n] Population 739,165,030[n] (2011), 3rd) Pop. density 72.5/km2 Countries 50 (list of countries) Languages List of languages Time zones UTC to UTC+6 Main articles: Europe and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia Further information: Geography of Europe For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. Europe ( i/ˈjʊərəp/ EWR-əp or /ˈjɜrəp/ YUR-əp[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmostpeninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are somewhat arbitrary, as the primarily physiographic term "continent" can incorporate cultural and political elements. Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest by both area and population, taking up 40% of the continent (although the country has territory in both Europe and Asia), while the Vatican City is the smallest. Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 733 million or about 11% of the world's population.[15] Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played a predominant role in global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the beginning of colonialism. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions of Asia. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's population was 25%.[17] Both World Wars were largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in Western Europeandominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18] During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtainbetween NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward since the revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Åland Islands Mariehamn Autonomous region of Finland (recognized by international treaty) Euro Swedish Albania Tirana Lek Albanian Andorra Andorra la Vella Euro Catalan Austria Vienna Euro German Belarus Minsk Belarusian ruble Belarusian Russian Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Belgium Brussels Euro Dutch French German Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo Convertible mark Bosnian Croatian Serbian Bulgaria Sofia Lev Bulgarian Croatia Zagreb Kuna Croatian Czech Republic Prague Czech koruna Czech Denmark Copenhagen Danish krone[a] Danish Estonia Tallinn Euro Estonian Faroe Islands Tórshavn Self-governing territory of the Danish Realm Faroese króna Faroese Danish Finland Helsinki Euro Finnish Swedish France Paris Euro CFP franc French Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Germany Berlin Euro German Gibraltar Gibraltar Overseas territory of the United Kingdom Gibraltar pound English Greece Athens Euro Greek Guernsey Saint Peter Port British Crown dependency Pound sterling English French Hungary Budapest Forint Hungarian Iceland Reykjavík Icelandic króna Icelandic Ireland Dublin Euro English Irish Isle of Man Douglas British Crown dependency Pound sterling English Manx Italy Rome Euro Italian Jersey Saint Helier British Crown dependency Pound sterling English French Kosovo Pristina De facto sovereign state recognized by over 80 UN member states Euro A United Nations mandate in Serbian territory was put in place starting in 1999. Albanian Serbian Latvia Ryga Euro Latvian Liechtenstein Vaduz Swiss franc German Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Lithuania Vilnius Lithuanian litas Lithuanian Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro Luxembourgish French German Macedonia Skopje Macedonian denar Macedonian Malta Valletta Euro Maltese English Moldova Chişinău Moldovan leu Moldovan Monaco Monaco Euro French Montenegro Podgorica Euro Montenegrin Netherlands Amsterdam Euro US dollar NA guilder Aruban florin Dutch Norway Oslo Norwegian krone Norwegian Bokmål Nynorsk Poland Warsaw Złoty Polish Portugal Lisbon Euro Portuguese Romania Bucharest Romanian leu Romanian Russia Moscow Russian ruble Russian 27 others coofficial San Marino San Marino Euro Italian Serbia Belgrade Serbian dinar Serbian Slovakia Bratislava Euro Slovak Slovenia Ljubljana Euro Slovene Euro Spanish Catalan Galician Basque Spain Madrid Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Svalbard Longyearbyen Special territory of Norway (recognized by international treaty) Norwegian krone Sweden Stockholm Swedish krona Swedish Norwegian Switzerland Bern Swiss franc German French Italian Romansh Transnistria Tiraspol De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Recognized by United Nations as de jure part of Moldova Transnistrian ruble Russian Moldovan Ukrainian Ukraine Kiev Ukrainian hryvnia Ukrainian United Kingdom London Pound sterling English Vatican City Vatican City Euro Italian Notes 1. Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, Armenia. In West Asia, but a member of the European Union: North America[edit] North America Cyprus. Area 24,709,000 km2(9,540,000 sq mi) Population 528,720,588 (2008, 4th) Pop. density 22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi)[b] Countries 23 (list of countries) Languages List of languages Time zones UTC-10 to UTC Main articles: North America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas Further information: Geography of North America For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas.[19] It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people across 23 independent states. North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Anguilla The Valley East Caribbean Dollar English Overseas territory of the United Kingdom Antigua and Barbuda St. John's East Caribbean Dollar English Aruba Oranjestad Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Aruban florin Papiamento Dutch Bahamas Nassau Bahamian Dollar English Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian Dollar English Belize Belmopan Belize Dollar English Bermuda Hamilton Bermudian Dollar Overseas territory of the United Kingdom English Bonaire Kralendijk Special municipality of the Netherlands Dutch British Virgin Islands Road Town United States Dollar Overseas territory of the United Kingdom English Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar French English Cayman Islands George Town Cayman Islands Overseas territory of the United Kingdom Dollar English United States Dollar Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Clipperton Island uninhabited Overseas territory of France Euro French Costa Rica San José Costa Rican colon Spanish Cuba Havana Cuban peso Spanish Curaçao Willemstad Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Netherlands Antillean Papiamento guilder Dutch Dominica Roseau East Caribbean Dollar English Dominican Republic Santo Domingo Dominican peso Spanish El Salvador San Salvador United States Dollar Spanish Greenland Nuuk Self-governing territory of the Danish Realm Danish Krone Greenlandic Grenada St. George's East Caribbean Dollar English Guadeloupe Basse-Terre Overseas department of France Euro French Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemalan quetzal Spanish Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Haiti Port-au-Prince Haitian gourde French Honduras Tegucigalpa Honduran lempira Spanish Jamaica Kingston Jamaican Dollar English Martinique Fort-de-France Overseas department of France Euro French Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso Spanish Montserrat Plymouth (official) Brades (seat of government) East Caribbean Dollar English Overseas territory of the United Kingdom Navassa Island Insular area of the United States of America United States Dollar English Nicaragua Managua Nicaraguan cordoba Spanish Panama Panama City United States Dollar Panamanian balboa Spanish Puerto Rico San Juan Insular area of the United States of America United States Dollar English Spanish Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Saba The Bottom Special municipality of the Netherlands United States Dollar Saint Barthélemy Gustavia Overseas collectivity of France Euro Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre East Caribbean Dollar English Saint Lucia Castries East Caribbean Dollar English Saint Martin Marigot Overseas collectivity of France Euro French Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre Overseas collectivity of France Euro French Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown East Caribbean Dollar English Sint Eustatius Oranjestad Special municipality of the Netherlands United States Dollar Sint Maarten Philipsburg Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Netherlands Antillean guilder Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Dollar English United States Dollar English Turks and Caicos Islands Cockburn Town French Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Overseas territory of the United Kingdom United States Washington, D.C. United States Dollar none United States Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie Insular area of the United States of America United States Dollar English South America[edit] South America Area 17,840,000 km2 (6,890,000 sq mi) Population 387,489,196 (2011, 5th) Pop. density 21.4 per km2 (56.0 per sq mi) Countries 12 (list of countries) Languages List of languages Time zones UTC-2 to UTC-5 Main articles: South America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas Further information: Geography of South America For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.[20][21] It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is formed by twelve sovereign states Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana,Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela - the French Guiana, which is an overseas region of France, and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this, the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South America, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states that border the Caribbean Sea – Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana – are also known as Caribbean South America. South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population as of 2005 has been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia,Africa, Europe, and North America). The word America was coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann, after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the lands newly discovered by Europeans were notIndia, but a New World unknown to Europeans. Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Argentina Buenos Aires Peso Spanish Bolivia Sucre (official) La Paz (seat of government) Boliviano Spanish Quechua Aymara Brazil Brasília Real Portuguese Chile Santiago Peso Spanish Colombia Bogotá Peso Spanish Ecuador Quito United States dollar Spanish Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Falkland Islands Stanley Falkland Islands pound English Overseas territory of the United Kingdom French Guiana Cayenne Overseas department of France Euro French Guyana Georgetown Guyanese dollar English Paraguay Asunción Guaraní Spanish Guaraní Peru Lima Nuevo sol Spanish Suriname Paramaribo Surinamese dollar Dutch Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan peso Spanish Venezuela Caracas Bolívar fuerte Spanish Oceania[edit] Oceania Geopolitical Oceania 8,560,000 km2 Area (3,310,000 sq mi) Population 38,304,000 (2013, 5th) Pop. density 4.47 per km2 (11.57 per sq mi) Countries 14 (list of countries) Languages List of languages Time zones UTC-2 to UTC-5 Main articles: Oceania and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania See also: Australia (continent) and Pacific Islands Further information: Geography of Oceania For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here. Australia (UK /ˌoʊʃɪˈɑːnɪə/ or /ˌoʊsɪˈɑːnɪə/;[22] US /ˌoʊʃiːˈæniːə/)[23] is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean.[24]Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South Pacific (ethnologically divided into the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia)[25] to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, includingAustralasia and the Maritime Southeast Asia.The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote a continent comprisingAustralia and proximate islands,[26][27][28][29] or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone (Wallacea andAustralasia) or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand[30] or from mainland New Guinea).[31] Flag Name Capital Currency Official language Flag Name Capital Currency Pago Pago American Samoa Insular area of the United States of America United States dollar Ashmore and Cartier Islands — External territory of Australia — Australia Canberra Australian dollar Baker Island — Insular area of the United States of America Cook Islands Avarua New Zealand dollar Self-governing parliamentary democracy Cook Islands dollar in free association with New Zealand Coral Sea Islands — External territory of Australia Fiji Suva Fijian dollar French Polynesia Papeete Overseas collectivity of France CFP Franc Guam Hagåtña Insular area of the United States of America Howland Island — Insular area of the United States of America Official language English Samoan None[c] English Cook Islands Māori French Flag Name Capital Currency Jarvis Island — Insular area of the United States of America Johnston Atoll — Insular area of the United States of America Kingman Reef — Insular area of the United States of America Kiribati South Tarawa Marshall Islands Majuro Micronesia Palikir Midway Atoll — Nauru Yaren (seat of government) New Caledonia Nouméa Sui generis collectivity (special collectivity) ofFrance New Zealand Wellington Official language Insular area of the United States of America CFP Franc French New Zealand Dollar Maori New Zealand Sign English Flag Name Capital Currency Niue Alofi Self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand Norfolk Island Kingston Self-governing territory of Australia Northern Mariana Islands Saipan Insular area of the United States of America Palau Ngerulmud Palmyra Atoll — Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Pitcairn Islands Adamstown Samoa Apia Insular area of the United States of America Overseas territory of the United Kingdom Solomon Islands Honiara Tokelau Nukunonu (main settlement, although each atoll has its own administrative centre) Tonga Nukuʻalofa Dependent territory of New Zealand Official language Flag Name Capital Tuvalu Funafuti Vanuatu Port Vila Vanuatu vatu Wake Island — Insular area of the United States of America United States dollar Wallis and Futuna Mata-Utu Overseas collectivity of France CFP Franc Antarctica[edit] Antarctica Area Currency 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi)[32] Main article: Antarctica Further information: Geography of Antarctica Official language Bislama French English French Antarctica ( i/æntˈɑrtɨkə/ or /ænˈtɑrktɨkə/)[d] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0 million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness. Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents.[35]Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland.[36] The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89 °C (−129 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for example mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria,fungi, plants, and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra. Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries have signed the treaty. The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations. Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60°S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made: Argentina: Argentine Antarctica Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial) Chile: Antártica France: Adélie Land New Zealand: Ross Dependency Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory (Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land) Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region: Flag Name Capital Official Language Currency Bouvet Island Dependent territory of Norway — — — French Southern Territories Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands) Port-aux-Français (Kerguelen Islands) Martin-de-Viviès (Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands) Overseas territory of France Euro French Flag Name Capital Official Language Currency Heard Island and McDonald Islands External territory of Australia — — — South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands King Edward Point Overseas territory of the United Kingdom Pound sterling English See also[edit] List of countries and capitals in native languages List of national capitals List of currencies Notes[edit] 1. 2. 3. 4. Jump up^ In the Faroe Islands the currency has a separate design and is known as the króna, but is not a separate currency. Jump up^ This North American density figure is based on a total land area of 23,090,542 km2 only, considerably less than the total combined land and water area of 24,709,000 km². Jump up^ English does not have de jure status. Jump up^ The word was originally pronounced without /k/, but the spelling pronunciation has become very common. The "c" was originally added to the spelling for etymological reasons and then began to be pronounced.[33][34] References[edit] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Jump up^ "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision" United Nations (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division) Jump up^ Sayre, April Pulley. (1999) Africa, Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 0-7613-1367-2. Jump up^ See List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa. Jump up^ Homo sapiens: University of Utah News Release: Feb. 16, 2005[dead link] Jump up^ Visual Geography. "Africa. General info". Retrieved 2007-1124. Jump up^ IMF WEO Oct. 2010. Retrieved 2010 October 15. Jump up^ National Geographic Family Reference Atlas of the World. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society (U.S.). 2006. p. 264. Jump up^ "Continents of the World". The List. Worldatlas.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2011. Jump up^ "Like herrings in a barrel". The Economist (The Economist online, The Economist Group) (Millennium issue: Population). 23 December 1999.. 10. Jump up^ "Asia". eb.com, Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2006. 11. Jump up^ National Geographic Atlas of the World (7th ed.). Washington, DC: National Geographic. 1999. ISBN 978-0-7922-7528-2. "Europe" (pp. 68–9); "Asia" (pp. 90–1): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." 12. Jump up^ "Asia". AccessScience. McGraw-Hill. Retrieved 26 July 2011. 13. Jump up^ OED Online gives the pronunciation of "Europe" as: Brit. ˈjʊərəp, ˈjɔːrəp, U.S. ˈjɜrəp,ˈjʊrəp. 14. Jump up^ National Geographic Atlas of the World (7th ed.). Washington, DC: National Geographic. 1999. ISBN 0-7922-7528-4. "Europe" (pp. 68– 9); "Asia" (pp. 90–1): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." 15. Jump up^ "Global: UN Migrants, Population". Migration News. January 2010 Volume 17 Number 1. 16. Jump up^ Lewis & Wigen 1997, p. 226 17. Jump up^ World Population Growth, 1950–2050. Population Reference Bureau. 18. Jump up^ National Geographic, 534. 19. Jump up^ "North America". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20. Jump up^ South America[dead link]. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2001–6. New York,Columbia University Press": "fourth largest continent ..., the southern of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere." 21. Jump up^ "LANIC country page". Lanic.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2010-1024. 22. Jump up^ Pronunciation: The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) ISBN 0-19-861263-X — p.1282 "Oceania /ˌəʊsɪˈɑːnɪə, -ʃɪ/". 23. Jump up^ "Oceania". Dictionary.com. Random House, Inc. 2012. 24. Jump up^ For a history of the term, see Douglas & Ballard (2008) Foreign bodies: Oceania and the science of race 1750–1940 25. Jump up^ "Oceania"[dead link]. 2005. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press. 26. Jump up^ Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings, United Nations Statistics Division. Revised August 28, 2007. Accessed on line October 11, 2007. 27. Jump up^ The Atlas of Canada. Revised Date Modified: August 17, 2004. Accessed on line January 31, 2011. 28. Jump up^ "Encarta Mexico "Oceanía"". Mx.encarta.msn.com. Archived from the original on 2009-11-01. Retrieved 2009-04-17. 29. Jump up^ Lewis, Martin W.; Kären E. Wigen (1997). The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-520-20742-4, ISBN 0-520-20743-2. "Interestingly enough, the answer [from a scholar who sought to calculate the number of continents] conformed almost precisely to the conventional list: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania (Australia plus New Zealand), Africa, and Antarctica." 30. Jump up^ Udvardy. 1975. A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world 31. Jump up^ Steadman. 2006. Extinction & biogeography of tropical Pacific birds 32. Jump up^ United States Central Intelligence Agency (2011). "Antarctica". The World Factbook. Government of the United States. Retrieved 22 October 2011. 33. Jump up^ Crystal, David (2006). The Fight for English. Oxford University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-19-920764-0. 34. Jump up^ Harper, Douglas. "Antarctic". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 16 November 2011. 35. Jump up^ National Satellite, Data, and Information Service. "National Geophysical Data Center". Government of the United States. Archived from the original on 13 June 2006. Retrieved 9 June 2006. 36. Jump up^ Joyce, C. Alan (18 January 2007). "The World at a Glance: Surprising Facts". The World Almanac. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2009. External links[edit] European Commission: List of countries, territories and currencies [show] Links to related articles Categories: Lists of countries by continent Country classifications Navigation menu Create account Log in Read Edit View history Go Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Article Talk Special pages Create a book Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Edit links This page was last modified on 11 November 2014 at 11:31. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. 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