THE MODERN ERA
1750 – 1900 Overview
(Periodization Question:
Why 1750 –1900?)
CHANGES IN GLOBAL COMMERCE,
COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY

Patterns of World Trade
Who, where, what, how in 1750?
 What will and won’t change by 1900?

CHANGES IN GLOBAL COMMERCE,
COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY

Modes of Transportation/ communication
Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph
 Suez Canal, Panama Canal

SUEZ CANAL
Suez canal opened in 1869
-Who was Muhammad Ali?
-Why did France & Britain
get to finance this effort?
-Why do you think
France/Britain wanted the
canal?
CHANGES IN GLOBAL COMMERCE,
COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY
 Industrial
Revolution
Origins of I.R. – where, what
and when
 Rationale of capitalism –
Adam Smith
 Impact of I.R. on time, family,
work, labor
 Relationship of nations during I.R.
 Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism,
socialism

DEMOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGES
 Migration


Why?
Where?
– Immigration
DEMOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGES
 End
of Atlantic Slave Trade
 New Birthrate Patterns
 Disease prevention
and eradication
 Food Supply
CHANGES IN SOCIAL AND GENDER
STRUCTURE
Industrial Revolution
 Commercial developments
 Tension between work patterns and ideas about
gender
 Emancipation of Serfs and Slaves

CHANGES IN SOCIAL AND GENDER
STRUCTURE

Women’s emancipation movements
DIVERSE INTERPRETATIONS

Modernization theory debates
Why Modernize?
 Can you force a nation to do it?
 Name locations where Modernization = Nationalism.
Why?


Cause of serf and slave emancipation?


Need to Industrialize?
End of Extreme Ethnocentrism? Racism?
 Nature
of women’s roles at the time in
industrial areas? In colonial societies? Elite
versus lower class?
POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS AND
INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS
Latin American Independence Movements
 Why?

Simon Bolivar
POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS AND
INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS

Revolutions
Why Revolution now?
 Where?

United States (1776)
 France (1789)
 Haiti (1803)
 Mexico (1910)
 China (1911)

Common characteristics?
 Differences?

NEW POLITICAL IDEAS
Rise of Nationalism
 Growth of Nation-states/ empires

NEW POLITICAL IDEAS

Movements of Political Reform
Jacobins in France
 Taiping Rebellion in China

NEW POLITICAL IDEAS

Rise of Democracy and its limitations





Reform (liberalism)
Conservatism
Women’s Rights (Feminism)
Racism
Social Darwinism

Herbert Spencer
RISE OF WESTERN DOMINANCE
Patterns of Expansion
 Imperialism and Colonialism


African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania
Ethiopia and Siam
 Hawaii and New Zealand

RISE OF WESTERN DOMINANCE
What were the Berlin Conference & the Scramble
for Africa? How did it effect native Africans?
RISE OF WESTERN DOMINANCE
 Economic,
Artistic
Political, Social, Cultural, &
RISE OF WESTERN DOMINANCE
 Cultural
and Political Reactions to western
dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion,
racism, nationalism)





Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration
-Why does Japan accept Perry’s offer?
Russia– Reforms and Rebellions
-Crimean War?
Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization
China--Boxer Rebellion/Taiping Rebellion [ideals of
Taiping?]
Islamic and Chinese responses compared
-Ottoman Reforms? “Sick Man of Europe”
-Why does Europe help and hurt Ottomans?
Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial
Administrations
COMPARISONS
 Industrial
revolution in western Europe
and Japan (causes and early phases)
 Revolutions (American, French, Haitian,
Mexican, and Chinese)
 Reaction to foreign domination in
Ottoman empire, China, India and Japan.