Constitution
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
 What issues/ideas were important
to the Founding Fathers at the
time of the Constitution?
CORNELL NOTES
 Republicanism = Citizens rule through
elected representatives
 Federalism = power is divided between
state gov’ts and national gov’t
 Representative democracy
 Three Branches
1. Legislative = Congress
2. Executive = President
3. Judicial = Supreme Court
CORNELL NOTES
 Virginia Plan
 Proposed by James Madison
 Bicameral legislature (2 houses = based on
population)
 Favors large states
CORNELL NOTES
 New Jersey Plan
 Proposed by William Paterson
 One house legislature (based on equal
representation)
 Favors small states
CORNELL NOTES
 Compromises
 Great Compromise
 Roger Sherman
 Bicameral legislature = House of
Representatives (population) & Senate (equal
vote)
 3/5 Compromise
 3/5 of slave population counted
Congress
 535 total voting members
 100 senators
 435 representatives
 6 non-voting members
House of Representatives
Republican = 245
Democratic = 188
Vacant = 1
Senate
Republican = 54
Democratic = 44
Independent (caucusing with Democrats) = 2
CORNELL NOTES
 Bill of Rights
 Antifederalists = wanted a written
guarantee of protected rights
 Federalists = believed in a strong central
government
CORNELL NOTES
 Bill of Rights
 Amendments 1-10
 Freedom of speech, No quartering of
troops, etc.
LEFT COLUMN
 Write 3 level 2 questions based on your
notes.
SUMMARY
 Based on your notes and direct instruction,
answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What issues/ideas were important
to the Founding Fathers at the time
of the Constitution?
Activity
1. Copy the word count for each section of the
Constitution
2. Calculate the percentage of words in each article
out of 4357 total words.
3. Write down the main subject, structure, or power
addressed in each article.
4. Map the percentages from the table on your
handout by coloring the squares.
1. Each square = 1%
2. Use different colors for each Article & the
Preamble
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
 How did the Founding Fathers
express the 6 big ideas in the
Constitution?
6 Big Ideas
1. limited government
2. republicanism
3. checks and balances
4. federalism
5. separation of powers
6. popular sovereignty
Constitution
1. Preamble (1%)
2. The Legislature (52%)
3. The Executive (23%)
4. The Judiciary (8%)
5. Relations Among States (3%)
6. Amending the Constitution (4%)
7. Ratification (<1%)
8. The Amendments
Activity
 Outlining the Big 6 Ideas
 Find each Big Idea ONE time in the
Constitution
 Write down the number of the
ARTICLE, SECTION, & CLAUSE you
find it in
 Write down the quote that expresses
the Big Idea
 Rephrase the Big Idea in your own
words
HOMEWORK
 Finish Big Idea handout (if necessary)
 Read pages 74-76, 78-79 in textbook
and write Cornell Notes
 ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
 Explain the political differences
between Jefferson and Hamilton.
OA #3
Why would small states object to
delegates being assigned
according to population?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
 Explain the political
differences between
Jefferson and
Hamilton.
Cornell Notes
Launching a New Nation
• First 2-Party System
• Federalists --> believed in strong central
gov't (Alexander Hamilton)
• Democratic Republicans --> stronger state
gov't (Thomas Jefferson)
Cornell Notes
 Vocal Critics of the Gov't
 1748: Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act: Raised residency
requirement to become a citizen
Sedition Act: Fine or failed
people who spoke negative about
gov't
Cornell Notes
Virgina & Kentucky
Resolution
 Written by Jefferson and
Madison
 Nullification --> states should
have the power to void laws
made by national gov't
LEFT COLUMN
 Write 3 level 2 questions based on
your notes
Summary
 Based on your notes and direct instruction,
answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
Explain the political differences
between Jefferson and Hamilton
OA #4 (new left page)
Explain the fundamental
difference in gov’t
philosophies between
Federalists and Democratic
Republicans.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Why was the principle of
judicial review important for
the future of the Supreme
Court?
Cornell Notes
The Jefferson Era
 Jefferson’s Goals
 Shrink/simplify the gov’t
 Reduce military & national bank
 Louisiana Purchase
 US bought from France ($15M)
CORNELL NOTES
Marbury v. Madison
Established judicial review
Supreme Court can
declare laws
unconstitutional.
CORNELL NOTES
 James Madison
 Elected President 1808
 War of 1812
 Causes -- "War Hawks" wanted Canada, Impressment
(kidnapping) of US soldiers into British navy
 Treaty of Ghent Ends War of 1812
 Confirms US independence
 Federalists party ends
 Monroe Doctrine
 Tells Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere
LEFT COLUMN
 Write 3 level 2 questions based on
your notes
Summary
 Based on your notes and direct instruction,
answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
Why was the principle of judicial
review important for the future of
the Supreme Court?
OA #5 (new left page)
Describe what you see in the photo.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Why did some people in
the 1830s support Indian
Removal?
CORNELL NOTES
The Age of Jackson
• Regional Economies:
• North & East --> Industrial (Textiles)
• South & West --> Agricultural
• Cotton; Slavery increased
CORNELL NOTES
 James Madison wanted to unite U.S. economically and
have economic independence
 American System (1815)
1. Protective Tariff (taxes on imported goods)
2. Renew U.S. Merchants (unified currency)
3. Improve Transportation
•
Missouri Compromise
•
•
Missouri = Slave State
Maine = Free State
CORNELL NOTES
 Jackson's Presidency
 Spoils System
gave gov't jobs to his supporters
 Indian Removal Act
Trail of Tears
800 Miles
1/4 of Cherokee died
LEFT COLUMN
 Write 3 level 2 questions based on
your notes
Summary
 Based on your notes and direct instruction,
answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
Why did some people in the
1830s support Indian
Removal? (Answered after
activity)
OA #6 (under OA #5)
Today marks the 14th year anniversary of the
attacks that occurred on 9/11.
Write about the most
important/memorable day of your
life. What made that day so
special? Explain
***Copy just this part
OA #7 (new left page)
Why do you think leaders are
more often criticized rather than
supported in difficult times?
OA #8 (new left page)
"our manifest destiny is to overspread the
continent allotted by providence for the free
development of our yearly multiplying
millions." (John Sullivan)
What does this quote mean?
**only copy this
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did Americans justify
Westward Expansion?
CORNELL NOTES
MANIFEST DESTINY
• Manifest Destiny – Was the United States' "destiny" to
spread to the Pacific Ocean
• Reasons to Expand Westward
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Trade/New Market/Jobs
Spread Beliefs/Religion
Living Space/New Land
Adventure/New Start
Resources
CORNELL NOTES
 Texas Independence
 Americans were encouraged to move to Texas by the




Mexican gov't
Led to culture clashes with language barriers
Slavery was abolished by Mexican gov't
Stephen Austin => asks for Texas independence -->
Texas Revolution (Battle at the Alamo)
Texas becomes state in 1875
CORNELL NOTES
 War in Mexico
 John C. Fremont
 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 US acquired California & New Mexico
 US paid $15M to Mexico
 Gadsden Purchase
 Paid $10M for Arizona and rest of New Mexico
LEFT COLUMN
 Write 3 level 2 questions based on
your notes
Summary
 Based on your notes and direct instruction,
answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
How did Americans justify
Westward Expansion?
Using your worksheet and your
knowledge, do you think that the idea
and belief in Manifest Destiny was a
reason or an excuse for the United
States westward expansion? Explain
your reasoning in a well-thought out
response. Support from your
resources is highly recommended.
OA #9 (new left page)
Why was the concept
of Manifest Destiny so
appealing to
Americans in the
1840s?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What did the U.S. do in
order to maintain peace
pertaining to the issue of
slavery?
CORNELL NOTES
DIVISIVE POLITICS OF SLAVERY
• Two events that help to expand
slavery:
1. North's economy based on
industrialization
2. South's economy based on
agriculture (cotton)
CORNELL NOTES
SOUTHERN
VIEWPOINT
NORTHERN
VIEWPOINT
• Pro Slavery
• Most people didn't care
• Slavery helped with the • Abolitionists
economy
• Frederick Douglass
• Increases production
• Harriet Tubman
• Slave owners felt that
• Sojourner Truth
they were helping
• Underground RR
African Americans
CORNELL NOTES
 Compromise of 1850
 Henry Clay (South) v. Daniel Webster




(North)
CA = Free State --> North is happy
New Fugitive Slave Law --> South is happy
New Mexico and Utah = Popular sovereignty
Conflicts with the Missouri Compromise
LEFT COLUMN
 Write 3 level 2 questions based on
your notes
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What did the U.S. do in
order to maintain peace
pertaining to the issue of
slavery?
OA #10 (new left page)
What was the
Fugitive Slave
Law?
CORNELL NOTES
CONFLICTS THAT LEAD TO SECESSION
• Birth of the Republican Party
• Oppose slavery, but feel that gov't had no
authority to abolish it
• Opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act (repeals
Missouri Compromise)
• Northern Democrats --> Popular sovereignty
• Southern Democrats --> pro-slavery
CORNELL NOTES
 Dred Scott v. Sanford
 Dred Scott sued for his freedom
 Scott lost his case because he was
considered property
 5th Amendment
 Lincoln – Douglas Debates
 Lincoln (R) – Slavery is immoral
 Douglas (D) – Popular sovereignty
 Douglas won Illinois Senate seat
CORNELL NOTES
 1860 Lincoln becomes President
 South Secedes
 South Carolina is 1st to secede
 Southern states form the
Confederate States of America
 Jefferson Davis is chosen as
President
Create an Annotated Timeline
 In groups of 2-3, create an annotated
timeline of the Dred Scott case. For
every entry of your timeline, include
date(s), and a two sentence annotation
of its historical significance. You must
include at least 5 dates and 5
illustrations in your timeline.
 Is due either at the EOP on Monday.
 Worth 50 Points
TIMELINE RUBRIC
 3 Points/Correct Date x 5 = 15 Points
 3 Points/Picture x 5 = 15 Points
 Creativity and Readability = 20 points
Grand Total: 50 Points