Industrialization,
Nationalism,
Imperialism
Agricultural Revolution
• Crop rotation – system of
growing a different crop in a
field each year to preserve
the fertility of the land
Industrial Revolution
• The shift, beginning in
th
England during the 18
century, from making goods
by hand to making them by
machine
Why England?
• Britain has all the factors
for production – land,
labor, and capital
Land
• Water power & coal to fuel new
machines
• Iron ore to construct machines,
tools, & buildings
• Rivers for inland transportation
• Harbors for merchant ships
Labor
• Agriculture revolution
increased food
supply while
decreasing demand
for labor
• Workers moved into
cities to look for jobs
Capital
• Growing overseas trade
• Highly developed banking
system – encourage
investment in new machinery
and business
Railway Age
1. Spurred industrial growth –
cheap way to transport
materials and finished
products
2. Created thousands of new
jobs for railroad workers
and miners
Railway Age
3. Boosted agricultural and
fishing industries –
transport to distant cities
4. Encouraged country
people to take distant city
jobs
Effects of Industrial
Revolution
Urbanization
• Movement of people to
cities
• Number of cities doubled
• Many cities doubled or even
quadrupled in population
Effects of Industrial
Revolution
Large Middle Class (neither rich
nor poor)
• Upper middle – gov’t
employees, doctors, lawyers,
managers
• Lower middle – factory
overseers, skilled workers
Effects of Industrial
Revolution
Working Class
• Poor living conditions –
crowded housing, no drains,
widespread epidemics (avg
city lifespan 17, rural area
38)
Effects of Industrial
Revolution
Working Class
• Work 14 hours a day, 6 days
a week – same as working
on farm but more dangerous
Effects of Industrial
Revolution
• Demand for education - created
demand for engineers, clerical and
professional workers
• Raised standard of living
• Provided hope of improvement in
people’s lives
Effects of
Industrial
Revolution
• Mass-produced
clothing
European Imperialism in
Africa, 1870-1898
In this lesson, students will be able to define
the following terms:
“Scramble for Africa”
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
Effects of European Imperialism on Africa
European powers engaged in a “Scramble
for Africa” starting in the 1870s. By 1890,
most of Africa came under European control.
By 1890, only
Ethiopia
and
Liberia
remained
independent.
The major European powers to acquire
African territories were Great Britain,
France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal,
and Italy.
The French
acquired much
of northwestern
Africa above
the
Sahara, as
well as
Central
Africa.
King Leopold, the king
of Belgium, ruled
the Congo like his own
private estate. Natives
that did not supply
enough rubber had
their hands cut off. While
the king profited, the
people of the Belgian
Congo suffered greatly.
The British
established
colonies
in West Africa
and along the
length of
most of East
Africa from
Egypt to
South Africa.
Sometimes European imperialists came
into conflict with one another. Disputes
among the imperial powers were worked
out at the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885.
At the Berlin Conference, the remainder
of Africa was divided up.
European imperialism
had many effects
on Africa. European
colonization had both
positive and negative
effects on Africa.
A positive effect of European imperialism
was the introduction of modern
transportation and communication
systems, such as telegraphs, railroads,
and telephones.
The introduction of
European medicine and improved nutrition
led to an expansion of population.
However, there were many negative
effects of European Imperialism
on Africa. African peoples were treated
as inferior to Europeans.
Europeans divided Africa and ignored
the tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries
of the African people. This has led to
tribal conflicts in many African nations
that continue to this day.
Questions for Reflection:
• What was the “Scramble for Africa”?
• Why did the Berlin Conference occur?
• What European nations gained control of
Africa?
• What were the positive effects of
European imperialism on Africa?
• What were the negative effects of
European imperialism on Africa?
Chapters 9-11
Industrial Rev, Nationalism, Imperialism
• 32 questions
• 22 Multiple Choice (Chap. 9)
• 10 True / False (Chapter 10-11)
• 6 points each = 192 points
• ***Homework project due Friday
12/21 for 100 points
• 292 points earned this Friday!!
Test Review
• Blue bolded concepts…like Urbanization,
Enclosure movement, etc…
• Inventors such as John Kay, Robert Fulton
etc..
• People (Quotes) Alex de Tocqueville,
Elizabeth Gaskell, Charles Dickens, Marx
and Engels, Adam Smith, Jane Addams,
etc…
• Child Labor Laws in England
Imperialism
• 1850-1914
• A policy which a
strong nation
seeks to dominate
other countries
politically,
economically, or
socially
The New Imperialism
Cause
• Nationalism
–To gain power, European
nations compete for
colonies and trade
The New Imperialism
Effect
• Colonization
–Europeans
control land
and people in
areas of Africa,
Asia and Latin
America
The New Imperialism
Cause
• Economic
Competition
–Demand for raw
materials and
new markets
spurs a search
for colonies
The New Imperialism
Effect
• Colonial Economics
–Europeans control trade in
the colonies and set up
dependent cash-crop
economies
The New Imperialism
Cause
• Missionary
Spirit
–Europeans
believe they
must spread
their Christian
teachings to
the world
The New Imperialism
Effect
• Christianization
–Christianity spreads to Africa,
India, and Asia
–Kenya 78% Christians, 11 of
12 largest church in the world
located in Seoul, South Korea
(780,000 members)
Scramble for Africa
• Industrialization in Europe
encouraged European
nations to look for more
resources for fuel their
industrial production
Forces Driving Imperialism
Social Darwinism
• Europeans were superior due to
scientific and technological
progress
• Europeans believed they had the
right and the duty to bring the
results of their progress to other
countries
Imperialism in Africa, 1878
Imperialism in Africa, 1913
British East India Company
• English company set up to pursue
trade with East Indies, ended up
trading with Indian subcontinent
and China
• Ruled India from 1757 to 1858 –
“Jewel in the crown”
British East India Company
• India became major supplier
of raw materials for
workshop in England during
Industrial Revolution
• Traded cotton, silk, indigo
dye, tea, opium
Impact of Colonialism in India
Positives ( T-Chart for pos and neg)
• Constructed 3rd largest railroad
network in India
• Brought unity to connected regions
• Constructed modern road network,
telephone, telegraph lines, dams,
bridges
• Education, public health
Impact of Colonialism in India
Negatives
• British held political and economic
power
• Restricted Indian-owned industries
(textile)
• Emphasis on cash crops resulted
in loss of self-sufficiency for
people
Colonialism in Southeast Asia
• British purchased Singapore and
build a harbor, becoming one of the
busiest ports in the world
• Malaysia became huge exporter for
tin and rubber
• British encouraged immigrants to
move to Southeast Asia to work on
plantation
Impact of Colonialism in
Southeast Asia
Positives
• Cash crops helped boost the
economy
• Improved communication and
transportation with roads, harbors,
and rail systems
• Improved education, health and
sanitation
Impact of Colonialism in
Southeast Asia
Negatives
• Immigrants from different
regions creating a “melting pot”
(or salad bowl?)
• Tensions between immigrants
and natives due to race,
culture, and religion