Chapter One 8/27/2015
Anatomy and Physiology
The body is made to think, speak, move, see, hear smell, taste, remember, feel emotions.
Definition- study of the form and function of the human body, or any living thing.
Systems of the body – muscle physiology, skeletal physiology, cardiovascular physiology.
Ask the Class: - Question: what is the difference between anatomy and physiology
What are the plains of the body? Sagittal plane – divides the body into right and left halves,
Frontal Plane – divides the body into front and back halves, with
sideways movements.
Transverse Plane- divides he body into top and bottom halves and
rotational movements are called transverse plane movements.
The movements that don’t line up with either of the planes is called Nonplanar
Inside the human body are cavities: Posterior (dorsal) body cavity located toward the back ( or
posterior side) of the body, includes two named cavities the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity.
Cranial cavity holds the brain, while the spinal cavity surrounds the spinal cord.
Anterior (ventral) body cavity, located the front or the anterior side of the body, also includes
subdivisions.
The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity are separated by a large muscle called the
diaphragm.
Thoracic cavity houses the heart and lungs, among other organs. The abdominopelvic cavity
includes the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity of which there is no separation. There are 4
smaller cavities that are located in the head which are called, oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear
cavities serve as chambers for transmitting and amplifying sound.
The Chemistry of Life from largest to smallest
Atoms, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue Organ, Organism, Population, Ecosystem, Biome
Cells
Everything is made of Cells. Cells work, grow, eat, as well as recycle.
Element is a substance in its purest form and it contains only one type of atom. An Atom is the
smallest unit of matter that retains the property of given element composed of protons,
neutrons and electrons.
Covalent Bonds occurs when an atom shares electrons with another atom.
A molecule is a grouping of atoms (ex, H2O is a molecule of water). A polar molecule has a
slightly positive-charged end and a slightly negative-charged end.
An element is a substance like hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, silver or boron. Silver when its
chopped up as small as it could be and yet be called silver, you have reached the silver atom.
Atoms
Atoms is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and neutrons hang out in
the center of the atom called the nucleus. The number of protons in an atom is fix (cannot
change) if you do, you get a different element. The neutrons is normally the same as the
number of protons. Electrons circle the nucleus in what’s called the electron shells. The number
of electrons equal the number of protons in the nucleus.
Protons have a positive electrical charge
Neutrons have no electrical charge.
Electrons have a negative charge.
An atom has no electrical charge because the protons and electrons cancel each other out.
Bonding
Covalent Bond- happen when atoms share electrons with another atom.
Use the water demonstration.
Cells are 90% water
Draw a snow man and Divide it in planes.