Served as the link between the Sumerians and the Gods? Who established the world’s first empire? Describe Cuneiform. How did developing the alphabet help the Phoenicians? Technology Assyrians and Hittites used in battle. Priests Sargon Writing using wedge shaped symbols Made writing easier Iron weapons and chariots Name of region of rich farmland between Asia Minor and the Persian Gulf. World’s first civilization and the name of the people The Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia; Sumerians Religion of the Sumerians is an example of Polytheism Sumerians used the wheel for Carts, to make pottery Hammurabi is best known for his Code of laws What present day country was Phoenicia located in? Phoenicians used the sea to trade because Lebanon Overland routes were blocked Who was Justinian? Roman emperor Who led early Christian communities? bishops Whom do Hebrews claim as their ancestor? Abraham The Torah is the first part of the Most all of the people who lived in the Byzantine empire were what religion? Hebrew Bible Christian Christianity spread through the Roman empire after The conversion of Constantine The Trinity is The Christian belief that God is made up of three persons Jewish religious leaders are called Rabbis What do Jews consider the holiest day of the year? Yom Kippur A central part of all Jewish religion services is Reading from the Torah Why are there many denominations of Christians? People have interpreted Jesus’ teachings in many different ways. A big difference between Christian belief that Jesus is Christianity and Judaism the Messiah Water in the Arabian Peninsula is located mainly in Scattered oases According to the Qur’an, paradise is A beautiful garden full of fine food and drink In the story of Muhammad, what did he do first? Travel to Medina or go to the hills to pray and meditate The central teaching of the There is only one God and Qur’an Muhammad is his prophet What is the Hajj When did Islam change from an Arab religion to a multicultural religion? Pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are expected to make Through blending of cultures that occurred in lands conquered by the Arabs Two cities that grew up during the spread of Islam Baghdad and Cordoba What empire did Suleyman I rule during Ottoman Traveler like Ibn Battutah expanded Muslim knowledge of Geography A way of supplying water to an area of land irrigation The world’s first form of writing Cuneiform A division of society by rank or class Social hierarchy Long poems that tell the story of a hero Epics Land with different territories and peoples under a single ruler empire A set of letters that can be combined to form words alphabet Place where Jesus grew up Nazareth Jesus’ followers The Hebrews’ religion disciples Judaism The capital of the eastern Roman Empire Constantinople Pictures made with pieces of colored glass or stone mosaic One of the Byzantine Empire’s most beautiful churches Hagia Sofia A code of moral laws Ten Commandments Worship of only one God Monotheism Title used by Persian kings Shah Five acts of worship required of all Muslims Five Pillars of Islam To make an effort, or to struggle; holy war jihad acceptance tolerance Building for Muslim prayer Mosque A title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam Caliph Common feature in Muslim architecture minaret A journey to a sacred place Pilgrimage Sumerian technical advances Plow Clock wheel Beliefs shared by Jews and Christians One God You should love God You should love others What is Ramadan, and how do Muslims show its importance? Holy month that the Qur’an says Allah began his revelations to Muhammad. They fast from dawn to sunset. Subject of a great Sumerian Epic Written list of laws that controlled people’s lives and behavior Gilgamesh Hammurabi’s Code Many believe the Hebrews were the first to practice Monotheism Muslims scholars are credited with developing Algebra The most sacred city in Islam is Mecca Facts about Jesus -Some believed he was the Messiah that Jewish prophets had predicted -Was seen as a threat by some Roman leaders -Taught people to love God and be kind to each other