Music at Court
Dances
Instrumentation unspecified; usually a consort
(group) of a family of instruments of uniform
timbre
Dances are collected into suites (Baroque)
which evolve into symphonies (Classical)
Music at Court
Listening example – La Bouree
Key info:
• a family of instruments of uniform timbre
• Dance music from the Renaissance
Extra info:
• La Bouree (title & type of dance) by Michael Praetorius
(c. 1571-1621)
• German composer of international fame
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XvVtszPyTs
Crumhorn – an instrument from the
Renaissance
http://www.music.iastate.edu/a
ntiqua/instrumt.html
Music at Court
Madrigals
Origin of term obscure
A type of song (see text for longer definition)
for multiple voice parts
Text is a rhyming poem, usually with sections
of repetition & is usually about
Love
Music at Court
Madrigals
popular-at-court-&-wealthy-homes music in
Italy & England – in some ways a “popular”
music, but participatory
Madrigals:
text-painting
importance of words 
homorhythmic texture  chords
Listening
example
- madrigal
Music
at Court
Key info:
• a madrigal
• Note homorhythmic texture & repetitive
structure. Chords begin to function as musical
units, rather than as the byproducts of
independent contrapuntal lines. Be able to
identify period – Renaissance
• secular vocal music from the Renaissance
Now Is the Month of Maying, 1595
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJ7VirCScp0&feature=related
• Thomas Morley (1557-1603) most famous Composer mentioned
Music at Court
Listening example - madrigal
Key info:
• a madrigal
• TEXT PAINTING
• secular vocal music from the Renaissance
Thomas Weekles (c. 1575-1623)
• title: As Vesta Was Descending, 1601
(relate to Elizabeth I, reigned 1558-1603)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_VkA_qk9os&feature=related
Shakespeare
Part of a general revival of theater,
which we need to mention now,
because OPERA is about to develop
in the Baroque period.
HAMLET - 1602
Globe Theater
Globe Theater Today
Inventions of the
Renaissance/Reformation/Baroque
Clocks
The oldest
surviving
mechanical clock
were made in the
1300’s.
, Italian scientist
Galileo discovered
the pendulum.
, This made for
better time
keeping.
,
Water clocks and hourglasses
,
Water clocks and
hourglasses were
widely using in the
1500’s.
The Watch (portable timepiece)
The portable watch was invented by German
Peter Henlein in 1505
, He created his watch to be spring powered
making it much smaller.
, This watch was a pocket watch. The wrist
watch didn’t come into widespread use until
the 1800’s.
,
Printing
The Chinese were the first to invent
printing in 868.
, In the mid-1400’s, Johan Gutenberg of
Germany invented a printing press using
moveable type.
, Now books could be printed with greater
speed and less effort.
, The Gutenberg Bible is considered one of
the first books ever printed.
,
Printing Press
,
The printing press, invented by Johannes
Gutenberg, played a crucial role in advancing the
Reformation by allowing for wide distribution of
Reform ideas and making the Bible a best seller.
Luther’s translation of the text into vernacular
German was chief among many editions, and Luther
himself was the Continent’s best-selling author.
Other humanist writers, notably Montaigne and
Rabelais, took advantage of print to distribute
their own works. Montaigne invented the personal
essay, a vehicle for testing ideas even as they are
written. Illustrated books were also popularized
through print. Albrecht Dürer produced many
single-sheet engravings to be sold inexpensively as
individual works of art.
Eyeglasses
Eyeglasses were invented in the 1300’s.
, With the invention of the printing press in
the 1400’s, the demand for eyeglasses
increased.
, Far-sighted glasses (for reading) were
developed first.
, Later on near-sightedness was able to be
corrected.
,
Lenses
Lenses were used for more than just
eyeglasses.
, Galileo used lenses to make an astronomical
telescope to look at the stars and planets
in 1606.
, Isaac Newton made the first reflecting
telescope in 1668.
,
The Musket
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The musket was the first usable rifle that
soldiers could carry into battle.
It was developed in Spain in the 1500’s.
It could fire a metal ball that could
seriously kill or hurt someone.
The first muskets were very large weighing
40 pounds and being over 6 feet long.
They were very hard to use.
The Rudder
,
The invention of
the rudder in the
1200’s greatly
increased the
control over
steering a ship.
The Flush Toilet
,
,
The flush toilet, or water closet as it was
called dates back to 1589 when it was invented
by Sir John Harington.
Harington invented a valve that when pulled
would release water from a water closet. Sir
John recommended flushing the toilet once or
twice a day, although with our modern
technology, we know that is probably not
sufficient. (Rumor has it that, in Robin Hood's
day, King Arthur - angry with how his brother
ruled the country while the King was gone,
named the toilet, 'the john' - aka as 'the jon'
to you folks.)
Adding Machine
,
The French scientist, Blaise Pascal
has been credited with inventing the
very first digital calculator. In 1642,
the 18-year-old Pascal, the son of a
French tax collector, invented his
numerical wheel calculator called the
Pascaline, to help his father count
taxes.
Thermometer
The Thermometer was invented by Galileo
in 1593 which, for the first time,
allowed temperature variations to be
measured. In 1714, Gabriel
Fahrenheit invented the first mercury
thermometer, the modern
thermometer.
, Thermometers measure temperature,
by using materials that change in
some way when they are heated or
cooled.
,
Submarine
The submarine was invented in 1624 by a
man named Cornelius van Drebbel.
, Leonardo da Vinci drew out the basic
concept of a submarine over one hundred
years before.
, Drebbel, a Dutch inventor and engineer
employed by the British navy constructed a
leather- covered rowboat from which oars
protruded through watertight seals.
, Drubbel's ship could stay underwater for
a few hours, but it only went about fifteen
feet under the surface.
,
The Match
,
,
,
,
Fire - our worst enemy, our best friend - was
difficult to create until Robert Boyle invented
the match in 1680.
Although fire could be made by rubbing sticks
together or by striking flint to steel, this was
a time consuming process. Boyle discovered
that when phosphorus and sulfur were rubbed
together, they would burst into flame.
Although convenient, Boyle's matches were not
very safe, because sometimes they accidentally
went up in flames while in a pocket. (Warm
surprise!)
With some improvements and a little fine
tuning, this invention led to your modern safety
match many years later.
Back to Italy –
Mannerism
Mannerist Style Characteristics
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Elongated bodies or body parts
Paintings appear to be stretched out
Focus on spiritual aspect of art
Art was originally meant only for the
nobility/wealthy to see – not for the
general public
Often obscene or offensive
Mannerism
(from handout)
Mannerism - Post-Renaissance, Pre-Baroque style of
painting and sculpture in Italy
characterized by elongated, distorted and exaggerated
figures.
Pictorial space often crowded, complex or confusing
Mannerism
Madonna with the Long
Neck
, 1534 – 1540
, Florence, Italy
, Painting
, Artist: Parmagianino
, Mannerist style
preferred distorted
figures; elongated;
artificial
, Figures crowded into
left side – viewer is
drawn to different
areas of painting
, Not just one focus
,
KEY IMAGE
p 252
and this column is for what???
Parmagianino,
Madonna with the
Long Neck,
1534-40
Quite a crowd
Little guy
Descent from the Cross
1525-1528
Florence, Italy
Painting - oil on wood
10 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 6 in.
Jacopo da Pontormo
Considered his masterpiece
Jacopo Pontormo
Descent from the
Cross
1525-28
11’ x 6.5’ oil on wood
p. 253
Mannerist
portraits are often
devoid of
emotional
connotation, but
there is some
exaggeration of
physical features
Pontormo
Florentine, 1494 - 1556/1557
Monsignor della Casa, probably 1541/1544
oil on panel, 102 x 78.9 cm (40 1/8 x 31 in.)
Michelangelo
Last Judgment,
Sistine Chapel
1534-41,
wall fresco
Mannerism
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Laurentian Library
1525-1571
Florence, Italy
Michelangelo
Considered the
first work in the
new Mannerist
style
Elongated, slightly
out of the exact
proportions of the
Renaissance
Laurentian Library
Mannerism
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Allegory with Venus and
Cupid
1546
Florence, Italy
Painting
Artist: Agnolo Bronzino
Court painter for Cosimo
I de Medici
Mannerism was meant
for nobility to enjoy not
the general public
Space full of figures
Shows an oddly erotic
encounter
Bodies elongated and
distorted
Mannerism
Last Supper
, 1592 – 1594
, Venice, Italy
, Painting
, Artist: Tintoretto
, If it weren’t for the
halo, Jesus would be
hard to find
, Perspective leads away
from Christ
, Darker version
, Judas in traditional
spot on opposite side
of table
,
Christ in the House of Levi
1573
Venice, Italy
Painting - oil on canvas 18 ft. 6 in. x 42 ft. 6 in.
Paolo Veronese
The Venetian use of blue is still key in Mannerism – had to change name of painting
Domenikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco)
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The most important Spanish artist of this
period was Greek.
1541 – 1614.
He deliberately distorts & elongates his
figures, and seats them in a lurid,
unearthly atmosphere.
He uses an agitated, flickering light.
He ignores the rules of perspective, and
heightens the effect by areas of brilliant
color.
His works were a fitting expression of the
Spanish Counter-Reformation.
Mary Magdalene in Penitence
1577
Toledo, Spain
Painting - oil on canvas
42 1/2 x 39 7/8 in.
El Greco
(Domenikos Theotokopoulous)
El Greco was born in Greece, studied in
Italy and painted in Spain – as such he is
a unique painter in many ways
View of Toledo
1586
Toledo, Spain
Painting - oil on canvas
47 3/4 x 42 3/4 in.
El Greco
The most famous of the mannerist painters
Paints a gloomy transparent landscape
El Greco
Christ in
Agony on
the Cross
1600s
El Greco
Portrait of a
Cardinal
1600
Mannerism
The Burial of Count
Orgaz
, 1586
, Toledo, Spain
, Painting
, Artist: El Greco
, His masterpiece
, Local aristocracy
attends at bottom as
Christ and Saints
welcome his soul at
the top
, Elongated forms are
typical
,
El Greco’s, The Burial of Count Orgaz,
1586-1588
El Greco’s, The Burial of Count Orgaz,
1586-1588 (details)
El Greco’s, The
Burial of Count
Orgaz, 1578-1580
El Greco
The View
of Toledo
1597-1599
Mannerism
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Saltcellar of Francis I
1539 – 1543
Paris, France
Craftwork/Sculpture
Artist: Benvenuto
Cellini
An ornamental salt and
pepper holder for the
king of France
Salt is represented by
the sea and pepper by
the earth
Gold and enamel
Mannerism
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Villa Rotunda
1567 – 1570
Vicenza, Italy
Architecture
Artist: Palladio
, Symmetry was crucial
to Palladio, even the
gardens are
symmetrical
, All 4 sides are
identical
, Monticello in Virginia,
Jefferson’s home was
based in this building
,
Palladio
Scala Ovata
Basilica
Palladio
Teatro Olimpico
San Giorgio Maggiore