5. PROGRESSIVE EXPANSION
IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO:
1) DO THE DQ2 FOR THE DAY. WRITE THE DAILY QUOTE AND
ANSWER THE QUESTION FOR THE DAY.
2) Read the notes
3) DO THE MAP.
2
2
Daily Quote &Question (DQ )
“The only man who makes no mistakes is
the man who never does anything.”
-Theodore Roosevelt
SONG FOR THE DAY: 1.
All Around the World
What were the major social issues addressed by
the Progressives?
Daily Comment & Card
1880s
MODERN NAVY
-New steel ships led the U.S, to
take the lead in the world naval
rankings
-Alfred Thayer Mahan was a U.S.
Naval officer who pushed for
imperialism and growth of the U.S.
Navy. His The Influence of Sea
Power Upon History was used to
justify a larger navy and taking of
islands like the Philippines.
“The only
man who
makes no
mistakes
is the
man who
never
does
anything.”
-Theodore
Roosevelt
SONG FOR THE DAY: BEEN AROUND THE WORLD
Daily Comment & Card
1898
SPANISHAMERICAN
WAR
-A rebellion in Cuba against the Spanish
starts the process
-the “Yellow Press” labels the Spanish
General in charge a butcher.
-The U.S. battleship Maine explodes off the
coast of Havana, Cuba
-America fought Spain in the Philippines and
Cuba
-The Treaty of Paris ends the war to give
Cuba independence and the U.S. gains
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
SONG FOR THE DAY: IN THE NAVY
“The only
man who
makes no
mistakes
is the
man who
never
does
anything.”
-Theodore
Roosevelt
Daily Comment & Card
1880s
1898
MODERN NAVY
SPANISHAMERICAN
WAR
-New steel ships led the U.S, to
take the lead in the world naval
rankings
-Alfred Thayer Mahan was a U.S.
Naval officer who pushed for
imperialism and growth of the U.S.
Navy. His The Influence of Sea
Power Upon History was used to
justify a larger navy and taking of
islands like the Philippines.
-A rebellion in Cuba against the Spanish
starts the process
-the “Yellow Press” labels the Spanish
General in charge a butcher.
-The U.S. battleship Maine explodes off the
coast of Havana, Cuba
-America fought Spain in the Philippines and
Cuba
-The Treaty of Paris ends the war to give
Cuba independence and the U.S. gains
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
“The only
man who
makes no
mistakes
is the
man who
never
does
anything.”
-Theodore
Roosevelt
SONG FOR THE DAY: BEEN AROUND THE WORLD
A. REASONS FOR SHIFT
B. FOREIGN POLICY
C. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
D. AFTERMATH & RESULTS OF WAR
-IN 1890s SHIFT IN EXPANSION POLICY.
-NOW FOR NAVY BASES, OUTPOSTS, COMMERCIAL
CENTERS (NOT FOR NEW SETTLEMENTS)
-SHIFT FROM TRADITIONAL (NOT FOR EMPIRE)
WHY?
1) CLOSING OF FRONTIER
2) NEED FOR FOREIGN MARKETS
(INTERNATIONAL RIVALRY)
3) MISSIONARY SPIRIT
JOSIAH STRONG’S BOOK OUR COUNTRY: ITS
POSSIBLE FUTURE AND PRESENT CRISIS
SAID IT WAS THE DUTY OF THE CHRISTIAN
TO SPREAD OUR SUPERIOR CIVILIZATION TO
THE LESS FORTUNATE…
B. FOREIGN POLICY
ALASKA
-PURCHASED IN 1867 FROM RUSSIA
-KNOWN AS SEWARD’S FOLLY
-COST $7.2 MILLION
THE KLONDIKE GOLD RUSH BROUGHT MANY NEW PEOLE TO
THE NORTHWEST. IT BEGAN WHEN GOLD WAS FOUND IN
THE YUKON (NEAR ALASKA) IN 1896 AND CONTINUED AS
GOLD WAS FOUND IN ALASKA IN 1899.
HAWAII
-NATURAL STOP BETWEEN ASIA & U.S.
-1875 BECOMES “AMERICAN PROTECTORATE”
-SUGAR TRADE IMPORTANT UNTIL WE FIND
OTHER SOURCES & THEIR ECONOMY SLUMPS
-QUEEN LILIUOKALANI’S “HAWAII FOR
HAWAIIANS” MOVEMENT
-AMERICANS OVERTHROW HER, ASK FOR STATE…
SANDFORD DOLE WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF
HAWAII AND THE FIRST GOVERNER AS A TERRITORY OF THE U.S.—HE
HELPED OVERTHROW THE QUEEN
THAT
DOESN’T
HAPPEN
UNTIL
1959
SOUTH AMERICA
-WANT TO GET RID OF EUROPEAN INFLUENCE
-FORM PAN-AMERICAN LEAGUE
-WE INTERVENE WHEN TROUBLE WITH EUROPE
EX: 1895 ENGLAND & VENEZUELA
THERE WAS AN INCREASING WAVE OF
JINGOISM IN AMERICA (THAT IS AN
INTENSE FORM OF NATIONALISM CALLING
FOR AGGRESSIVE FOREIGN POLICY)
NEW NAVY
-PROTECT TRADE AS EXPAND ECONOMIC INTERESTS
-ALFRED THAYER MAHAN’S THE INFLUENCE OF SEA
POWER UPON HISTORY STRESSES NEED FOR
STRONG NAVY
-SEC OF NAVY BENJAMIN TRACEY FOCUSES ON
HEAVILY-ARMORED BATTLE SHIPS
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
-1895 REBELLIONS IN CUBA AGAINST SPANISH
-NEWSPAPER OWNERS WILLIAM RANDOLPH
HEARST (NEW YORK JOURNAL) AND
JOSEPH PULITZER (NEW YORK WORLD)
START THE ERA OF THE YELLOW PRESS BY
TELLING TALES OF ATROCITIES IN A
NEWSPAPER WAR.
-MCKINLEY TRIES TO AVOID WAR, BUT…
“REMEMBER THE MAINE,
TO HELL WITH SPAIN!”
-1898 THE MAINE EXPLODES
IN HAVANA HARBOR
AMERICANS SCREAM FOR
JUSTICE!
TELLER AMENDMENT SAYS WE HAVE NO INTENTION
OF ANNEXING CUBA!
“SPLENDID LITTLE WAR” (PHRASE USED
BY SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN HAY)
BEGINS WITH MORE VOLUNTEERS THAN
SUPPLIES…
…AND IT IS A SHORT WAR
(OVER WITHIN ONE YEAR)!
WE FIGHT IN PLACES
OTHER THAN CUBA…
LIKE THE PHILIPPINES
(MANILA BAY) WHERE
THE FIRST FIGHTING
TAKES PLACE UNDER
COMMODORE GEORGE
DEWEY.
-AFRICAN-AMERICANS =
25% OF TROOPS
-JOHN J. “BLACKJACK” PERSHING
-“SMOKED YANKEES”
-WAR LEADS TO MORE RACIAL
UNREST IN THE U.S.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
BECOMES FAMOUS FOR
LEADING THE ROUGH RIDERS
IN A CHARGE UP SAN JUAN
HILL (WITHOUT HORSES!)
THIS IS A FAMOUS PAINTING BY FREDRICK REMINGTON
THE WAR ENDS WITH 5500 DEAD,
ONLY 379 FROM BATTLE…
THE TREATY OF PARIS GIVES CUBA INDEPENDENCE,
BUT THE U.S. GETS:
PUERTO RICO
GUAM
PHILIPPINES
-THE PHILIPPINES BECOMES A PROBLEM
-RACIAL ISSUES & CHEAP LABOR SOURCE
-WE FIGHT A WAR BECAUSE THEY WANT
INDEPENDENCE (Emilio Aguinaldo leads rebellion)
- NOT FREE UNTIL 1946!
LOTS OF QUESTIONS…
1) ARE THESE AMERICAN CITIZENS?
2) DO THEY HAVE CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION?
3) DO THEY GET REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS?
SUPREME COURT SAID CONSTITUTION NOT
AUTOMATIC…CONGRESS CAN DO AS THEY SEE FIT
They decided this
in the Insular
(Island) cases.
OFFICIAL TERRITORIES = HAWAII, ALASKA, PUERTO RICO
MILITARY RULE = GUAM, SAMOA, PHILIPPINES
CUBA = MILITARY OCCUPATION, THEN SELF-RULE
PLATT AMENDMENT IN CUBAN CONSTITUTION GIVES US
THE RIGHT TO INTERFERE FOR THEIR WELL BEING
IT ALSO GAVE US A NAVAL BASE
KNOWN AS GUANTANAMO BAY!!
RESULTS OF SP-AM WAR
1) THEODORE ROOSEVELT POPULAR
2) AFRICAN-AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS
SUFFERS (RACIST THINKING)
3) REPUBLICANS FIRMLY IN POWER
4) WE DOMINATE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
5) EUROPE HAS TO DEAL WITH US AS EQUAL
6) U.S. MAJOR POWER IN ASIA
SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN HAY ASK
OTHERS TO ACCEPT AN “OPEN DOOR”
POLICY IN CHINA GIVING EVERYONE A
THEIR OWN “SPHERE OF INFLUENCE”
IN 1900 A SECRET SOCIETY OF
CHINESE NATIONLISTS
ATTACKED FOREIGNERS AND
MURDERED MISSIONARIES.
U.S. TROOPS MARCHED INTO
PEKING AND CRUSHING THE
BOXER REBELLION.
Havana
PACIFIC OCEAN
THE
PHILIPPINES
THE CARIBBEAN
THE PHILIPPINES
Expansion Political
Cartoon
• Your job is to create a political
cartoon for either Hearst or
Pulitzer’s paper. It should
make some statement about
expansion.
•
Suggested topics:
Spanish atrocities in Cuba
Spanish-American War
Alaska
Hawaii
Problems in the Philippines
Constitutional Issues from
Expansion
Open Door Policy in China
The need for a strong Navy
Be sure to include a caption for
your cartoon!