EDTHP 115, 2/10/03
Readings and pages to focus on this
week and for the test
•
History
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Chap. 6, pp. 161-176
Webster, Rush, Jefferson
Wednesday
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Sel Whitaker and website
Chap. 1, esp. pp. 8-11 (job prospects and
salaries); pp. 17-24 (teacher abilities and
training; job conditions; educational
reform and teachers)—these pages would
only come up on the test in relation to Dr.
Whitaker’s talk.
Readings for next week (Feb. 17-21)
– Dewey, Experience and Education, in CR
– Chap. 6, pp. 176-192 (review)
– Chap. 4, “Philosophical Roots,” pp. 96-110 (traditions
in philosophy); focus on pp. 110-125 “Educational
Theories” (note references to Dewey and Giroux,
consider implications for today’s classroom teacher)
– Chap. 5, “Pioneers in Education,” focus on pp. 136137 (chart) and pp. 139-152
– Sean Hannity in Course Reader
• The one reading for following week (Feb.
24-28): Henry Giroux, The Mouse that Roared:
Disney and the End of Innocence
EDTHP 115
2/10/03
History of Education
I.
II.
The Puritans, 1630-1700s
The American Revolution and
creating schools in the new republic,
1770s-1820s
III. Common School Reform Era, 1820s1860s
Questions for Today
• Puritans: What were the educational goals
of the Puritans? Why these goals? What
historical evidence do we have about the
Puritans?
• American Revolution and the New
Republic: What was the impact of
education on the revolution? What was
the impact of the revolution on education?
• What kind of plans did leaders propose for
creating new schools and systems?
History Part I
The Puritans
Education in Colonial America,
1607-1770s
• Some reminders: 1587, 1607, 1620, 1630,
1636
• The Puritans: “City Upon a Hill”
• Role of Education
• Purpose of Education
• The New England Primer
Puritans, 1630-1700s
• Viewed Children as Sinful and Depraved
• Troubled by High Mortality Rates
• Worried about Weakening Family Role
and Juvenile Delinquency
• Passed Series of Laws to Reinforce
Agencies of Education
Jonathan Edwards
Puritan Laws, Passed by General
Court
• 1642: Compelled heads of households to
provide occupational training and ensure that
children learned “to read and understand the
principles of religion and the capital laws of this
country”
• 1647 “Old Deluder Satan Act”: Required
towns of 50 or more families to provide
instruction in reading and writing and towns with
100 households to establish a grammar school
for university preparation. Towns could be fined
for noncompliance
Puritan Laws (con’t.)
• 1646: Punishment for Disobedience
• 1648: Negligent Parents Will Have
Children Removed
Hornbooks
History of Education
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History as a mode of inquiry and analysis
Time periods that we’ll cover
What to look for in each time period
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Context of the Time Period
Curriculum
Pedagogy
View of Children
Type of System & Specific Policies
Major reformers
Purposes of Education
Education in the 1700s
• High Literacy Rates in New England vs.
50-60% in England
• 60-70% in Virginia and Pennsylvania
• Impact on Revolution?
Thomas Paine, Common Sense
Challenges for the New Republic
• How to create new
citizens?
• What materials should
students read?
• Who should be educated?
• How balance order and
liberty?
• How to deal with
diversity?
Education in the Early Republic,
1780s-1820s
• Educational plans and proposals
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•
•
•
Franklin
Jefferson
Rush
Webster
What Did Leaders Say and Do?
Some Main Actors
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Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Rush
Noah Webster
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin, 1751
• School should be enjoyable
• School should be practical
• Little focus on religion
Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson, 1779
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Crusade against ignorance
Bill for diffusion of knowledge
State system of schools, with local districts
Provide free education to all for 3 years
System of 20 grammar schools
Scholarships to William and Mary College
“Geniuses from the rubbish”
Benjamin Rush
Benjamin Rush, 1786
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Patriotism
Uniform system of education
First impressions the most durable
Religion as cornerstone
Teachers should have absolute power
Quote: republican machines; teacher as
absolute monarchs; Christian=Republican
Noah Webster,
Noah Webster, 1790
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Focus on an American form of English
Avoid corrupting influence of Europe
Need for good, American teachers
New books—blue-backed speller
Local district schools
Religion