“ I, John
Daily Comment & Card
Brown, am
now quite
certain that
1820-1860
1857
the crimes of
this guilty
ANTEBELLUM
DRED SCOTT v.
land will
REFORM
SANDFORD
never be
purged away
but with
-Supreme Court case of Slave taken by
-Explosion in number of colleges (Oberlin
his master from Missouri, slave state, to
blood.”
College in Ohio was first co-ed college)
Illinois, free state
-Expansion of state-supported
elementary and other public schools
(because of leadership of Horace Mann)
-Dorothea Dix led in the establishment
of asylums for humane treatment of
the insane
-Prisons reformed.
-Scott sued for freedom after returning
to Missouri
-It was ruled that Scott did not have
the rights of citizenship and could not
sue
-Also ruled that Congress had no power
to prohibit slavery, because of rights of
property.
SONG FOR THE DAY:
-John Brown
THE FINAL COUNTDOWN
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
-Discuss the importance of the Compromise
of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and
the Dred Scott Decision to the Civil War.
-Explain the Brooks-Sumner incident and
how it represents the national divisions.
-Explain the importance of the election of
1860 and how it influenced the start of the
war.-Define Underground Railroad, Uncle Tom‘s
Cabin, and John Brown’s Raid
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
10. Underground railroad
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes
and safe houses used by slaves to escape to free states
and Canada with the help of abolitionists and allies.
There were routes that also lead to Mexico and overseas.
Before it became part of the United States, there were
some routes running to Florida. Usually, the term refers
to the operations in the 19th century, with its peak
season being from 1850 to 1860. Some estimates suggest
that as many as 100,000 slaves may have reached
freedom through these networks. The terminology of a
railroad included those who led others to freedom known
as “conductors” and safehouses known as “stations.”
Harriet Tubman, a runaway slave herself, was the most
famous conductor. She personally led over 300 to
freedom.
Underground
Railroad
-conductors
-stations
-Harriet Tubman
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
9. Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was made necessary because of
the territory acquired from the Mexican-American War.
Through this compromise, California was admitted to the
United States as a free state. Slave trade was ended in
Washington D.C., the states of New Mexico, Arizona,
Nevada, Utah would be eventually admitted with votes
settling the slavery issue, and tougher laws were enacted
for those who helped runaway slaves.
-Nullifies the Missouri Compromise of 1820
-California (free state), “popular sovereignty” in NM, Nevada, AZ, Utah
-Dispute over TX
-Slavery in DC/ no slave trade
-Tougher fugitive slave law
Senator Stephen Douglas was the leading
proponent of popular sovereignty…
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
8. Uncle tom’s cabin
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
The book intensified Northern oppositition to slavery and
actually sold more copies than the Bible during this time
period. It helped raise awareness of the conditions faced
by slaves in the North. Lincoln called Mrs. Stowe, “the
little lady who started the big war.”
Harriet Beecher Stowe
-Gives many empathy for slaves
-best seller
“Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (1852)
SELLS OVER 300,000 COPIES
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
7. Kansas-nebraska act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 allowed for the Nebraska
Territory to be divided into two territories: Kansas and Nebraska.
The issue of slavery was to be settled by popular sovereignty (a
vote by the people). The consequences of this act were that the
Missouri Compromise was repealed and the sectional tension
between the North and South were increased. This act led to the
end of the Whig party; it also led to the formation of the
Republican Party and the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for
President.
It also led to a hug push by both slavery and antislavery forces to get supporters to move to this area. A mini-civil
war erupted in Kansas with fighting leading to the area being
labeled “Bleeding Kansas” when pro-slavery forces won the election
and anti-slavery forces formed their own government.
-”Popular Sovereignty”
Leads to “bleeding kansas”
-Repealed Missouri
Compromise…
-Permitted expansion of
slavery…
-Led to bloodshed…
-Split the Democratic
Party…
-Sparked formation of
Republican party
SLAVERY FORCES WIN/
FREE SOILERS
PROTEST “BORDER
RUFFIANS”
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
6. Brooks-sumner incident
In 1856, a South Carolina Congressman, Preston Brooks,
nearly killed Charles Sumner on the Senate floor two days
after Sumner delivered an intensely anti-slavery speech
called "The Crime against Kansas". In the speech, Sumner
characterized the South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler,
as a pimp for slavery (Butler and Brooks were related).[1]
The episode played a major role in the coming of the Civil
War. It showed that tensions were high throughout the
country. Brooks resigned his seat in Congress, but was
re-elected by the people of his state.
-Charles Sumner gives speech “Crime
Against Kansas”
-He is attacked in Senate chambers by
Preston Brooks for offending Brook’s
uncle. Brooks breaks his cane…
-Brooks resigns, is re-elected
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
5. Dred scott decision
In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that Black people were
not citizens of the United States and therefore could not
petition the Court. This established the principle that
national legislation (meaning Congress) could not limit the
spread of slavery into territories. The ruling in this case
repealed the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the
Missouri Compromise of 1820. It meant that they could
no longer be any compromises over the addition of
territory and slavery.
-Dred Scott is slave who sues for
freedom in Dred Scott v. Sandford
-Chief Justice Tanney and Supreme Court
rule he is property and cannot sue.
-Supreme Court also says that Congress
cannot prohibit slavery in any territory
-Invalidated the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
and the Missouri Compromise of 1820
-Major issue in Lincoln-Douglas debates…
-Closer to war…
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
4. John brown’s raid
John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was an attempt by
the white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave
revolt in 1859 by seizing a Federal Arsenal at Harper’s
Ferry, Virginia. Brown's raid, accompanied by 20 men in
his party, was defeated by a detachment of U.S. Marines
led by Colonel Robert E. Lee. Brown was found guilty of
treason against the commonwealth of Virginia and was
hanged on December 2. (This execution was witnessed by
the actor John Wilkes Booth, who would later assassinate
President Abraham Lincoln.)
-John Brown plans raid on federal
arsenal at Harper’s Ferry
-7 killed; 10 wounded
-Robert E. Lee (and military) sent in…
-Brown found guilty despite insanity
plea and executed
-Martyr for North/Paranoia for South
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
3. Election of 1860
The election of 1860 and the issue of slavery split the
Democratic Party. Northern Democrats nominated Stephen
Douglas and Southern Democrats nominated John Breckinridge.
The newly formed Republican Party opposed the extension of
slavery into the territories; however, they acknowledged that
slavery should be protected where it already existed. A forth
candidate, John Bell, represented the Constitutional Union Party
which was a combination of former Whigs who wanted to avoid
secessionism over slavery and the former “Know Nothing” party.
The name represented the simply idea that they would follow the
Constitution and enforce the laws accordingly.
DOUGLAS
LINCOLN
Accepted slavery where it existed…opposed
further extension into territories…
Election of 1860
Constitutional Union
Bell
Democratic Party
(north)
Douglas
(south)
Breckinridge
Republican
Lincoln
Support popular
sovereignty
BRECKINRIDGE
BELL
Support extension of slavery into
territories & annexation of Cuba
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
2. South carolina secedes
When Lincoln won the election of 1860, South Carolina followed
through on a promise to secede. They were followed by Georgia,
Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. The
Southern States formed the Confederate States of America,
also known as the Confederacy. They elected their own
President (Jefferson Davis) and Vice President (Alexander
Stephens) who were to serve a six year term. The Confederate
States would be joined by Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina,
and Virginia after the fighting actually started. Four states
that held slaves did not secede and stayed part of the United
States. They were Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.
-SOUTH CAROLINA SECEDES
-FOLLOWED BY GA, FL, MS, AL,
LA, TX
-PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS
VP ALEXANDER STEPHENS
Top 10 events leading to the civil war…
1. Firing on fort sumter
The war actually began when Confederate troops led by General
Beauregaurd attacked the U.S. Military fort at Fort Sumter
(near Charleston, South Carolina). Although the Union garrison
returned fire, they were significantly outgunned and, after 34
hours, Major Robert Anderson of the U.S. Army agreed to
evacuate. There was no loss of life on either side as a direct
result of this engagement, although a gun explosion during the
surrender ceremonies on April 14 caused one Union death.
Following the battle, there was widespread support from both
North and South for further military action. Lincoln called for
volunteers to suppress the rebellion and the Civil War had begun.
-CONFEDERATE TROOPS
LED BY GEN.
BEAUREGAURD ATTACK
FORT SUMTER
-NO ONE KILLED
DURING THE FIGHTING
-FIRST SHOT FIRED BY
RUFFIN
-UNION TROOPS
SURRENDER
HOW DID THE IDEA OF
MANIFEST DESTINY LEAD
TO THE CIVIL WAR?
THINK ABOUT TERRITORIES ADDED AND THE SLAVERY QUESTION.
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
COMPROMISE OF 1850
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
DRED SCOTT DECISION