The Amazing
World of
Bacteria!!!!
Bacterial Kingdoms!
Bacteria are ALWAYS Unicellular
Prokaryotes (NO Nucleus)!
There are two Kingdoms of Bacterial Life:
1. Archaebacteria – cell walls without
Peptidogylcan. Very old and live in
extreme environments
2. Eubacteria – cell walls with
Peptidoglycan. The bacteria that infect
us!
Bacteria Contain:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A Cell Wall
Circular DNA
Tiny Pieces of DNA called plasmids
Ribosomes for making protein
Flagella for movement (sometimes)
Bacteria Reproduce:
Asexually through a
process called
Binary Fission.
This results in two
identical
daughter cells
(clones).
Conjugation
A process bacteria go
through to share DNA.
Bacteria don’t exchange
their entire DNA just
the small plasmid rings.
This is how they share
genetic info and become
antibiotic resistant.
Identifying Bacteria!
Bacteria are very small, much smaller
than a single human cell, but they can
be identified by their:
1. Shape
2. Arrangement
3. The way they obtain food/energy
Bacteria Shapes!
Bacteria have three
main shapes!
1. Bacilli: Rod-shaped
2. Cocci: Spherical
3. Spirilla: Cork-screw
shaped
Bacterial Arrangements
Those three shapes of bacteria can come
in three different arrangements:
1. Pairs of two:
2. In Chains:
3. In Clusters:
prefix diploprefix streptoprefix staphylo-
Bacterial Arrangements
So, if you looked under a microscope
and found a spherical bacteria in
pairs of two what would you call it?
Bacterial Arrangements
So, if you looked under a microscope
and found a spherical bacteria in
pairs of two what would you call it?
Diplococcus!
What about a spherical bacteria in
chains?
Bacterial Arrangements
What about a spherical bacteria in
chains?
Streptococci or Streptococcus
bacteria!
Bacterial Arrangements
What about a rod shaped bacteria in
chains?
Bacterial Arrangements
What about a rod shaped bacteria in
chains?
Streptobaccili!
Bacteria Metabolism
Bacteria are much more diverse than
we are in their ways of obtaining
energy. Some make their own food
(autotrophs) and some must obtain
energy from outside sources
(heterotrophs).
1. Hetereotrophic Bacteria
These bacteria eat others/food.
A. Decomposers – eat and recycle
organic material
B. Pathogens – parasites. They either
attack cells directly or secrete
toxins that damage cells
C. Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria – turn
atmospheric nitrogen into a form
life can use.
2. Autotrophic Bacteria
These bacteria make
their own food.
A. Photoautotrophs use the sun’s energy
to make food.
B. Chemoautotrophs –
Obtain energy from
molecules like
ammonia or sulfur
dioxide
Helpful Bacteria
• Decomposers break down dead organic material
• Biotechnology - inserting helpful genes into a
plasmid
• Bioremediation - bacteria eat up oil spills
• Food production – cheese and yogurt
• Put nitrogen back into the soil
• Aid in digestion
Some Bacterial Diseases
Above are Petri Dishes with
Agar that are used to culture
bacteria.
The Amazing
World of
Bacteria!!!!
Bacterial Kingdoms!
Bacteria are ALWAYS Unicellular
Prokaryotes (NO Nucleus)!
There are two Kingdoms of Bacterial Life:
1. Archaebacteria – cell walls without
Peptidogylcan. Very old and live in
extreme environments
2. Eubacteria – cell walls with
Peptidoglycan. The bacteria that infect
us!
Bacteria Contain:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A Cell Wall
Circular DNA
Tiny Pieces of DNA called plasmids
Ribosomes for making protein
Flagella for movement (sometimes)
Bacteria Reproduce:
Asexually through a
process called
Binary Fission.
This results in two
identical
daughter cells
(clones).
Conjugation
A process bacteria go
through to share DNA.
Bacteria don’t exchange
their entire DNA just
the small plasmid rings.
This is how they share
genetic info and become
antibiotic resistant.
Identifying Bacteria!
Bacteria are very small, much smaller
than a single human cell, but they can
be identified by their:
1. Shape
2. Arrangement
3. The way they obtain food/energy
Bacteria Shapes!
Bacteria have three
main shapes!
1. Bacilli: Rod-shaped
2. Cocci: Spherical
3. Spirilla: Cork-screw
shaped
Bacterial Arrangements
Those three shapes of bacteria can come
in three different arrangements:
1. Pairs of two:
2. In Chains:
3. In Clusters:
prefix diploprefix streptoprefix staphylo-
Bacterial Arrangements
So, if you looked under a microscope
and found a spherical bacteria in
pairs of two what would you call it?
Bacterial Arrangements
So, if you looked under a microscope
and found a spherical bacteria in
pairs of two what would you call it?
Diplococcus!
What about a spherical bacteria in
chains?
Bacterial Arrangements
What about a spherical bacteria in
chains?
Streptococci or Streptococcus
bacteria!
Bacterial Arrangements
What about a rod shaped bacteria in
chains?
Bacterial Arrangements
What about a rod shaped bacteria in
chains?
Streptobaccili!
Bacteria Metabolism
Bacteria are much more diverse than
we are in their ways of obtaining
energy. Some make their own food
(autotrophs) and some must obtain
energy from outside sources
(heterotrophs).
1. Hetereotrophic Bacteria
These bacteria eat others/food.
A. Decomposers – eat and recycle
organic material
B. Pathogens – parasites. They either
attack cells directly or secrete
toxins that damage cells
C. Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria – turn
atmospheric nitrogen into a form
life can use.
2. Autotrophic Bacteria
These bacteria make
their own food.
A. Photoautotrophs use the sun’s energy
to make food.
B. Chemoautotrophs –
Obtain energy from
molecules like
ammonia or sulfur
dioxide
Helpful Bacteria
• Decomposers break down dead organic material
• Biotechnology - inserting helpful genes into a
plasmid
• Bioremediation - bacteria eat up oil spills
• Food production – cheese and yogurt
• Put nitrogen back into the soil
• Aid in digestion
Some Bacterial Diseases
Above are Petri Dishes with
Agar that are used to culture
bacteria.