AIM: How did the worship of only one God
shape Judaism?
DO NOWJudaism Pre-test:
1. The Jews believe in:
a. One God b. A trinity of Gods c. That there is no God but many prophets
2. The land that the Jews feel that they are destined to inherit is:
a. Egypt b. Israel c. Jordan
3. The Jewish house of worship is called a:
a. mosque b. synagogue c. stupa
4. During World War II, millions of Jews were killed in an event known as the:
a. Diaspora b. Holocaust c. Battle of Britain
5. The most sacred book of the Jews is called the:
a. Ramayana b. New Testament c. Torah
Are Jews a religious group
or an ethnic group?
Turn & Talk Discussion
REMINDER: USE
ACCOUNTABLE TALK!

“I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of
the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
You shall have no other gods before Me.”
In the Hebrew Bible, God speaks these words to
Moses to explain a belief that set the Israelites
apart from all other people of the ancient world at
that time. Instead of worshipping many gods, the
Israelites prayed to just one God for guidance and
patience.
How did the worship of only one
God shape Judaism?
*NOTES*
JUDAISM- major world religion founded by the Hebrews in
1400 B.C.E which became the first monotheistic belief
system. (monotheism-ONE GOD)
IMPORTANT FIGURES:
1. Abraham- first Hebrew to make a covenant
with God; father of monotheism
2. Moses- messenger of God (prophet) who
led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt and
was given the Ten Commandments
3. King David & his son Solomon- created a
Jewish empire and built the city of Jerusalem
*NOTES*
Torah- holy book
Monotheism 1 God
Synagogue or
temple- house of
worship
Important days:
Hannukah,
Passover, Yom
Kippur, Rosh
Hashanah
JUDAISM
Orthodox,
Conservative or
Reformed
Ten
Commandmentslaw code
Sabbathholy day is
Saturday
Kosher food (no
pork or shellfish)
The Dead Sea Scrolls


Why do you think the
Dead Sea Scrolls
were considered an
important find?
Why might someone
have decided to store
these scrolls in a
cave?
Ten Commandments
Code of Hammurabi
Same
Discussion Questions
• What ideas do you have about the religion of
Judaism?
• What information have you seen or read about
the religion or about people who are Jews?
• Why do you think it is important to know
something about Judaism?
• How might the religion of Judaism affect the
lives of people who are not Jews?
• What similarities or differences do you see
between Judaism and Christianity? Islam?
Buddhism? Hinduism?
Exit Slip: Answer the following questions
on a separate piece of paper. MINIMUM
OF 7 SENTENCES.



What types of challenges did the Israelites
face in ancient times?
Why do you think many Jews feel it is
important to remember the challenges
faced by the ancient Israelites?
Do you think Jews today might face any
similar challenges as they practice their
faith in the modern world? Explain.
AIM: In what ways were
religion and society intertwined
in ancient India?
Do Now:
PBS Video: The Mahabharata
http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/10.html#mahabh
arata
Discussion Question: What role does the Mahabharata play in Indian
history? What are some other cultures’ epic stories?
Turn & Talk with
Partner:
• Define
Reincarnation.
Why do you
believe some
people believe
in it?
The Beliefs of Hinduism Develop
• Hinduism –
• No single founder
• No single sacred text
• Process began with
Aryans and Indus
civilization
• One of the world’s
most complex religions
One Force Underlies Everything
• Hindu belief that everything is part of the
unchanging, all-powerful spiritual force called
brahman
• Variety of Hindu gods who give concrete
form to brahman
Hindu Gods
Vishnu
the Preserver
Brahma
the Creator
Shiva
the destroyer
Sacred Texts Reveal Hindu Beliefs
• Vedas – sacred texts
where Hindu
teachings were
recorded
• Upanishads – section
of the Vedas that
address mystical
questions related to
Hinduism
Achieving Moksha Is the Goal of
Life
• Atman – an essential self
• Moksha – union with brahman, ultimate goal of existence. To do
so, individuals must free themselves from selfish desires.
• Reincarnation – rebirth of the soul into another bodily form.
Allows people to continue working toward moksha through
several lifetimes
• Karma – all actions of a person’s life that affect his or her fate in
the next life
• Dharma – the religious and moral duties of an individual
• Ahimsa – nonviolence
The Caste System
• Castes – social groups
into which people are
born and which can
rarely be changed.
Complex Rules Uphold the Caste System
• Caste was closely linked
to Hindu beliefs
• Higher classes were closer
to moksha
• Web of complex caste
rules
• “untouchables” (dalits) –
considered impure
Caste Affects the Social Order
• Ensures a stable social order
• Karma determined their caste
– could reach a higher status
in the future by fulfilling their
duties
• A sense of identity and
interdependence
• Over time, many additional
castes and subcastes evolved.
AIM: How did Buddhism
develop in India?
Do Now: (Review from yesterday’s class)
In what ways were religion and society
intertwined in ancient India?
Agree or disagree…
‘Pain is caused by desire’.
What does this phrase mean to you? Do you
agree or disagree? Why/why not?
Key Concepts
• I. Buddhism was founded
by Siddhartha Gautama
• Buddha – “enlightened
one”
• II. Goal of Buddhists is to
achieve Nirvana
• Ending reincarnation
and stopping the cycle of
death and rebirth.
Birth place of Buddha
Images of Buddha
Four Noble Truths
1. All life is full of suffering,
pain, and sorrow.
2. The cause of suffering is
nonvirtue, or negative deeds
and mindsets such as hatred
and desire.
3. The only cure for suffering
is to overcome nonvirtue.
4. The way to overcome
nonvirtue is to follow the
The Eightfold Path
The way to rid
yourself of
desire and
hatred.
Buddhism Spreads Beyond
India
• Collecting the Buddha’s teachings = Tripitaka “Three
Baskets of Wisdom”
• Buddhism spreads and divides = missionaries and traders
• Sects (subgroups) –
• Theravada – closely follows Buddha’s teachings
(monks and nuns) = Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia
• Mahayana – easier for ordinary people to follow =
China, Tibet, Korea and Japan
• Buddhism slowly declined in India
Prayer Wheels
Buddhist Monks
Buddhism in Action
Group Work
1.
Why did the Buddha believe that to begin the Eightfold Path a person had to
have a proper view of The Middle Way and the Four Noble Truths?
2.
What does Buddha mean by the idea of “right intention”? In other words, is
it a specific set of actions or a way of life?
3.
If moral behavior is not commanded by a god or by an outside authority,
how are human beings supposed to behave ethically?
4.
Analyze and discuss whether the First Noble Truth is a pessimistic
assessment of the human condition.
5.
Compare and contrast the Eightfold Path to practices in other traditions such
as Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam.
6.
Examine and discuss whether you believe it possible to attain Nirvana.
7.
Discuss the most important idea that you learned from this lesson.
Let’s Summarize…
Hinduism
Buddhism
Aim: How did Confucius create a
harmonious society?
Do Now: Create a timeline of the Chinese
dynasties and important events we have
discussed concerning Ancient China so far
this year.
Confucianism
• A philosophy that originated in China around
520 B.C.E by Kong Fuzi (Confucius)
The Analects
• Confucius’ teachings were
gathered together by his
students into a book called
The Analects, which means
“The selected sayings”
• The book is a list of morals,
wise statements, and
questions that Confucius was
asked by his followers with
the answers he gave
The Tenets of Confucianism
People should try to act
with…
People should also
practice…
• Ren: Goodness and
Humanity
• Filial Piety:
• Li: Propriety and
Respect
Respect for one’s
rulers, parents,
elders, and spouse
And these can only be
achieved through
education.
If people practice these
things, order will
prevail
Five Relationships
RULER
subject
HUSBAND
wife
FRIEND
FATHER
son
OLDER SIBLING
younger sibling
FRIEND
Spread of Confucianism
• All regions of China were influenced by
Confucius.
• Created a very traditional society
• Confucianism spread to Korea, Vietnam and
Japan
Confucius Says….
By three methods we may
learn wisdom: First, by
reflection, which is noblest;
Second, by imitation, which
is easiest; and third by
experience, which is the
bitterest.
Put this quote into your own
words.
Confucius Says….
When we see persons of worth,
we should think of equaling
them; when we see persons of
a contrary character, we should
turn inwards and examine
ourselves.
Put this quote into your own
words.
Confucius Says….
The Master said about government,
“Encourage the people to work
hard by setting an example yourself.
Do not allow your efforts to
slacken.”
Put this quote into your own words.
How Confucianism Has Affected
Our World
• Confucius was the founder of
the modern ideal that all
people deserve an education
and a chance to govern, not
just the noble class.
• Confucius started the system
of going to school throughout
your childhood to prepare for
a few tests that would
determine your status and
occupation for the rest of
your life.
• Confucianism was the
official Chinese
philosophy from 206
B.C.E. to 1912 C.E., and
it is still considered the
backbone of Chinese
culture.
• Exit-Summary: How did Confucius create
a harmonious society?
AIM: What are the main tenets of Daoism and
Legalism?
DO NOW:
Answer the following questions based on your notes
from last class:
-Who was Confucius?
-What are the main tenets of Confucianism?
-What is filial piety?
#1 DAOISM –
(Taoism) Chinese
philosophy created to
help restore harmony &
peace during the fall of
the Zhou Dynasty
“BE
STILL LIKE A MOUNTAIN & FLOW LIKE A RIVER.”
#2 LAOZI - Founder
of Daoism
#3 YING YANG- Daoist symbol that
represents the delicate balance of nature.
YING
YANG
#4 SAGE- A
PERSON
WHO GAINS
WISDOM
#5 ACUPUNCTURE- treating
disease using fine needles inserted into specific
points in the body. According to Daoists, these
needles help to restore the balance of Ying and
Yang in the body. (restores health)
#6 Legalism –
Chinese
philosophy created
to help strengthen
a state. Strength,
not goodness was
a ruler’s greatest
virtue.
#7 Han Feizi –
Founder of
Legalism