Discovering Computers 2008
Fundamentals
Fourth Edition
Chapter 6
Storage
Chapter 6 Objectives
Describe the characteristics of
magnetic disks
Describe the characteristics of
a hard disk
Discuss various types of miniature,
external, and removable hard disks
Describe the characteristics of optical
disks
Differentiate among various CD and
DVD formats
Identify the uses of tape
Discuss PC Cards, ExpressCard
modules and the various types
of miniature mobile storage media
Identify uses of microfilm and
microfiche
Next
Storage
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
 Storage medium is physical material used for storage

 Also called secondary storage
p. 220 - 221 Fig. 6-1
Next
Storage
What is capacity?

Number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold
Kilobyte (KB)
1 thousand
Megabyte (MB) 1 million
p. 222
Gigabyte (GB)
1 billion
Terabyte (TB)
1 trillion
Petabyte (PB)
1 quadrillion
Exabyte (EB)
1 quintillion
Zettabyte (ZB)
1 sextillion
Yottabyte (YB)
1 septillion
Next
Storage
What is a storage device?
Reading
Process of transferring
items from storage
media to memory
Hardware that
records and
retrieves items
to and from
storage media
Functions as source
of input
p. 222
Writing
Process of transferring
items from memory
to storage media
Creates output
Next
Storage
What is access time?


p. 222
Time it takes storage device to locate item on storage
medium
Time required to deliver item from memory to processor
Next
Magnetic Disks
What are tracks and sectors?
Track
is narrow
recording band
that forms full
circle on disk
p. 222 Fig. 6-3
Sector
stores up to
512 bytes
of data
Next
Magnetic Disks
What is a hard disk?



hard disk installed
in system unit
High-capacity storage
Consists of several
inflexible, circular
platters that store items
electronically
Components enclosed in
airtight, sealed case for
protection
Longitudinal recording
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Perpendicular
Recording below Chapter 6
p. 223 Fig. 6-4
Perpendicular recording
Next
Magnetic Disks
What are characteristics of a hard disk?
Sample Hard Disk Characteristics
Advertised capacity
Platters
Read/write heads
Cylinders
Bytes per second
Sectors per track
Sectors per drive
Revolutions per minute
Transfer rate
Access time
p. 224 Fig. 6-5
500 GB
4
8
16,383
512
63
973,773,168
7,200
300 MB per second
8.5 ms
actual
disk
capacity
Next
Magnetic Disks
How does a hard disk work?
Step 3.
Step 2.
When software requests a
disk access, read/write
heads determine current
or new location of data.
Small motor spins
platters while
computer is running.
Step 4.
Step 1.
Circuit board controls
movement of head actuator
and a small motor.
p. 224 Fig. 6-6
Head actuator positions
read/write head arms over
correct location on platters
to read or write data.
Next
Magnetic Disks
platter
What is a cylinder?

Vertical section of
track through all
platters

Single movement
of read/write head
arms accesses all
platters
in cylinder
track
sector
read/write
head
platter
sides
p. 225 Fig. 6-7
cylinder
Next
Magnetic Disks
What is a head crash?


Occurs when read/write head touches platter surface
Spinning creates cushion of air that floats read/write head above platter


p. 225 Fig. 6-8
Clearance between head and platter is approximately two-millionths of an inch
A smoke particle, dust particle, or human hair could render drive unusable
Next
Magnetic Disks
What is RAID?


p. 226
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
Connects multiple smaller disks into a single unit that
acts as a single large hard disk
Next
Magnetic Disks
What is a miniature hard disk?



Provide greater storage capacities than flash memory
Smaller than notebook computer hard disks
A pocket hard drive is a self-contained unit
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 6, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Miniature Hard Disks
below Chapter 6
p. 226 Fig. 6-9 and 6-10
Next
Magnetic Disks
What are external hard disks and removable hard disks?

Used to back up or transfer files
Removable hard disk—hard disk
that you insert and remove
from hard disk drive
External hard disk—freestanding
hard disk that connects to system unit
p. 226 Fig. 6-11
Next
Magnetic Disks
What is a disk controller?
Chip and circuits that
control transfer of
items from disk
SATA (Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment) controller
uses serial signals to transfer data,
instructions, and information
EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive
SCSI
controller supports up to fifteen
Electronics) controller supports four
devices including hard disks, CD
hard disks, provides connections for
and DVD drives, tape drives, printers,
CD and DVD drives
scanners, network cards
p. 227
Next
Magnetic Disks
What is online storage?



Service on Web that provides storage for
minimal monthly fee
Files can be accessed from
any computer with Web
access
Others can be authorized
to access your data
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Online Storage
below Chapter 6
p. 227 - 228 Fig. 6-12
Next
Magnetic Disks
What is a floppy disk?

Portable, inexpensive storage
medium (also called diskette)
Thin, circular, flexible film enclosed
in 3.5” wide plastic shell
p. 228
Next
Magnetic Disks
What is a floppy disk drive?

Device that reads from and
writes to floppy disk


One floppy drive, named drive A
Also called secondary storage
External floppy disk drive
attaches to a computer with
a cable
Floppy disk drive built into
a desktop computer
p. 228 Fig. 6-13
Next
Optical Discs
What are optical discs?



Flat, round, portable
metal discs made of
metal, plastic, and
lacquer
Can be read only or
read/write
Most PCs include an
optical disc drive
p. 229 Fig. 6-14
Push the button to
slide out the tray.
Insert the disc,
label side up.
Push the same button
to close the tray.
Next
Optical Discs
How should you care for an optical disc?
p. 230 Fig. 6-15
Next
Optical Discs
What is a CD-ROM?

Compact disc read-only memory

Cannot erase or modify contents
Typically holds 650 MB to 1 GB
Commonly used to distribute multimedia and complex software


Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click CD-ROMs
below Chapter 6
p. 231 Fig. 6-17
Next
Optical Discs
What is a Picture CD?
Stores digital
versions of
roll of film
Film developers
offer
Picture CD
service
Can be
modified
using photo
editing software
Step 1.
Drop off film to
be developed.
Mark the Picture
CD box on the
film-processing
envelope.
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Picture CDs below
Chapter 6
p. 232 Fig. 6-18
Step 3.
Step 2.
When you pick up
prints and negatives, a
Picture CD contains
digital images of each
photograph.
At home, print images
from Picture CD on
your ink-jet photo printer.
At a store, print images to
Picture CD at kiosk.
Next
Optical Discs
What are CD-Rs and CD-RWs?
Must have
CD recorder
or CD-R drive
CD-R (compact disc-recordable)
— disc you can write on once
c
Cannot erase
disc’s contents
CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable)
— erasable disc you can write on
multiple times
ce
Must have
CD-RW software
and CD-RW drive
p. 232
Next
Optical Discs
Video: Got Your Video Right Here
CLICK TO START
Next
Optical Discs
What is a DVD-ROM (digital versatile
disc-ROM or digital video disc-ROM)?





Must have DVD-ROM drive or
DVD player to read DVD-ROM
Stores databases, music,
complex software, and movies
Blu-ray discs have storage
capacity of up to 100 GB
HD-DVD discs have storage
capacity of up to 60 GB
UMD can store up to 1.8 GB
p. 233 Fig. 6-19
Next
Optical Discs
How does a DVD-ROM store data?



Two layers of pits are used, lower layer is
semitransparent so laser can read through
Some are double-sided
Many types of recordable and rewritable DVDs are
available
 DVD-R and DVD+R
 DVD-RW and DVD+RW
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Blu-ray and HD DVD
below Chapter 6
p. 233 - 234 Fig. 6-20
Next
Tape
What is tape?


Magnetically coated plastic ribbon
capable of storing large amounts
of data at low cost
Primarily used for backup
p. 234 Fig. 6-21
Next
Tape
How is data stored on a tape?

p. 235
Sequential access

Reads and writes data consecutively, like
music tape

Unlike direct access — used on hard disks,
CDs, and DVDs — which can locate
particular item immediately
Next
PC Cards and ExpressCard Modules
What are PC Cards and ExpressCard Modules?


Adds capabilities to computer
Credit-card-sized device
commonly used in notebook
computers
p. 235 Figs. 6-22
Next
Miniature Mobile Storage Media
What is miniature mobile storage media?

Storage for small mobile devices
CompactFlash
Secure Digital
Memory Stick
xD Picture Card
Memory Stick PRO Duo
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Flash Memory Cards
below Chapter 6
p. 236 Fig. 6-23
Next
Miniature Mobile Storage Media
What is a USB Flash Drive?



Plugs in a USB port on a
computer or mobile device
Storage capacities up to 64 GB
Making the floppy disk
obsolete
p. 236 Fig. 6-24
Next
Miniature Mobile Storage Media
What is a smart card?


Stores data on microprocessor
embedded in small card
Input, process, output, and
storage capabilities
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 6, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Smart Cards
below Chapter 6
p. 237 Fig. 6-25
Next
Microfilm and Microfiche
What are microfilm and microfiche?
Store microscopic images of
documents on roll or sheet of
film
Images recorded using
computer output microfilm
recorder
Microfilm — 100- to
215-foot roll of film
p. 238 Fig. 6-26
Microfiche — small sheet
of film, usually 4”  6”
Next
Microfilm and Microfiche
How do life expectancies of various media compare?

Microfilm and microfiche have longest life of any storage media
p. 238 Fig. 6-27
Next
Putting It All Together
What are recommended storage devices for home
users?





p. 239 Fig. 6-28
250 GB hard disk
Online storage
CD or DVD drive
Card reader/writer
USB flash drive
Next
Putting It All Together
What are recommended storage devices for small
office/home office (SOHO) users?





p. 239 Fig. 6-28
500 GB hard disk
Online storage
CD or DVD drive
External hard drive for backup
USB flash drive
Next
Putting It All Together
What are recommended storage devices for mobile
users?






p. 239 Fig. 6-28
100 GB hard disk
Online storage
CD or DVD drive
Card reader/writer
Portable hard disk for backup
USB flash drive
Next
Putting It All Together
What are recommended storage devices for power
users?





p. 239 Fig. 6-28
1.5 TB hard disk
Online storage
CD or DVD drive
Portable hard disk for backup
USB flash drive
Next
Putting It All Together
What are recommended storage devices for large
business users?
 Desktop computer
500 GB hard disk
CD or DVD drive
Smart card reader
Tape drive
USB flash drive
 Server or Mainframe
Network storage server
40 TB hard disk system
CD-ROM or DVD-ROM server
Microfilm or microfiche
p. 239 Fig. 6-28
Next
Summary of Storage
Internal hard disks
Recordable and rewritable DVDs
External and Removable hard disks
Tape
Floppy disks
PC Cards and ExpressCard
Modules
CD-ROMs
Flash memory cards
Recordable and Rewritable CDs
USB Flash Drives
DVD-ROMs
Smart Cards
Blu-ray Discs and HD DVD discs
Microfilm and microfiche
Chapter 6 Complete