Audience, Purpose, and Tone
Theme…
How do you know when someone is acting
guilty? Give specific examples from your
own experiences
 What does guilt do to you?
○ ISOLATION
○ DIVISION
“Rime of the Ancient Mariner”
Infer…
Setting?
Main
Character?
Structure?
Theme?
Audience

Who is intended to read this ballad?
 Romantics of the time: Science vs.
Spirituality; Industry vs. nature
 Christian allusions
 Anyone who feels plagued by guilt
Techniques
Sound devices
 Imagery
 Other Lyric Poetry Figurative Language
Strategies

Sound Devices

Repetition: repeated use of sounds, words, phrases, or
sentences. Poets use repetition for emphasis as well as to
create a musical effect. There are three popular devices
that rely on repetition:
“The
fair
breezefiend
blew,/ Doth
the white
foal
“a
frightful
close
“The
western
wave
was
all
“With
heavy
thump,
a
lifeless
flew…”
behind…”
aflame.”
Rhyme:lump,…”
repetition of sounds at the ends of words.
 Alliteration: repetition of initial consonant sounds
 Consonance: repetition of final consonant sounds
 Assonance: repetition of similar vowel sounds

 End rhyme is the most common type of rhyme, which occurs
when rhyming words appear at the ends of lines.

Onomatopoeia: use of words that imitate sounds—for
example, words like ring, boom, and growl.
Now let’s practice…pg 6 packet
Making meaning
Identifying how words are powerful
 Analyzing then interpreting images
 Page 7 of packet

What is the author’s purpose?
Explain your response
To inform?
 To teach?
 To persuade?
 To entertain?

Audience, Purpose, and Tone
“Instead of the cross, the Albatross/
About my neck was hung”
“I had killed the bird / That made
the breeze to blow”
“Hailed it in God’s name”
“Christian soul”
“Crimson red like Gods own head”
Bear that… Cross? Albatross?
Saul/Paul…
“blessed them
unawares”
STRUCTURE:
Sin, Punishment, Redemption…
Of Lucifer -
Of Adam & Eve-
…cast into hell?
…forbidden fruit?
“…slimy things …
“I shot the albatross”
Slimy sea”
“…the very deep did
rot…”
“…and I had done a
hellish thing…”
Many critics see
the ‘Rime of the
Ancient Mariner’
as an allegory of
some kind of fall,
like……
Of Coleridge …opium?
“witch’s oils, / … burnt
green, and blue and
white”
The poem could be his way
of fathoming his feelings.
The “strange power” of the Ancient
Mariner, as his difficult feelings.
“mingled strangely with my fears”
“I know that man … must hear me” / “To
him my tale I teach”
Coleridge
 Just
as the Ancient Mariner has
to re-tell his tale, Coleridge has
to keep on returning to this
poem and revising it…
Punishment
Redemption

How can we represent the theme visually?
He went like one that hath been stunned
And is of sense forlorn:
A sadder and a wiser man,
He rose the morrow morn.
Positive
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admiring
adoring
affectionate
appreciative
approving
bemused
benevolent

blithe

calm

casual

celebratory

cheerful

comforting

comic

compassionate 
complimentary 
conciliatory

confident

Contented

respectful

reverent

romantic

Sanguine

Introspective 
Jovial

delightful
earnest
ebullient
ecstatic

effusive

elated

empathetic 
encouraging 
euphoric

excited

exhilarated 
expectant

facetious

fervent

flippant

forthright

friendly

funny

gleeful

gushy

happy

Reflective

Relaxed
Hilarious
Hopeful
Humorous
Interested
Zealous
worshipful
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
Tone
joyful
laudatory
light
lively
mirthful
modest
nostalgic
optimistic
passionate
placid
playful
poignant
proud
reassuring
scholarly
self-assured
sentimental
serene
silly
sprightly
straightforw
ard
sympathetic
tender
tranquil
whimsical
wistful
•derogatory
•desolate
•despairing
•desperate
•detached
•diabolic
•disappointed
•disliking
•disrespectful
•doubtful
•embarrassed
•enraged
•evasive
•fatalistic
•fearful
•forceful
•foreboding
•frantic
•frightened
•frustrated
•furious
•gloomy
•grave
•greedy
•grim
•harsh
•Haughty
•contemptuous
•curt
•cynical
•demanding
•depressed
•Derisive
•condescending
•confused
•cold
•conceited
•reticent
•sarcastic
•sardonic
•scornful
•self-deprecating•hostile
•impatient
•selfish
•incredulous
•serious
•severe
•indifferent
•sinister
•indignant
•skeptical
•inflammatory
•sly
•insecure
•solemn
•somber
•insolent
•stern
•irreverent
•stolid
•lethargic
•stressful
•melancholy
•strident
•mischievous
•suspicious
•tense
•miserable
•threatening
•mocking
•tragic
•mournful
•uncertain
•nervous
•uneasy
•ominous
•unfriendly
•unsympathetic •outraged
•upset
•paranoid
•Violent
•pathetic
abhorring
•patronizing
acerbic
ambiguous
•pedantic
ambivalent
•pensive
angry
•pessimistic
annoyed
•pretentious
antagonistic
•psychotic
anxious
apathetic
•Resigned
apprehensive •bitter
belligerent
•blunt
bewildered
•bossy
biting
Negative
Tone/diction
=
Audience/purpose
Purpose?

To Inform?



To Persuade?
How can we represent the purpose
visually?
To Entertain?

To Teach?