Ch 2 Activity 9: Organic Substances
Success Criteria: I will be able
to combust a hydrocarbon
found in ripening fruit and
model simple hydrocarbons..
Warm-Up:
At the grocery store bananas are
.67 cents a pound, but the organic
bananas are $1.25 per pound.
What does organic mean?
Does the term organic mean the
same to a scientist?
Investigate
Investigate
• Complete steps #1-2, write responses to 1a and
2a
• Skip #3
• Draw 4a, write 4b, draw 4c in your notebook and
build marshmallow models
Investigate
• 5: Draw this table
• Draw this table
Chemical
Formula of
Carbon
Compounds With
Double Bonds
Structural
Formula
Name for
Compound
C2H4
Ethene /
Ethylene
C3H4
Propene
C4H4
Butene
Chemical
Formula of
Carbon
Compound With
Triple Bond
C2H2
Structural
Formula
Name for
Compound
Ethyne /
acetylene
Reflect
• What are the strengths of modeling organic
compounds using marshmallows?
• What are the weaknesses of modeling organic
compounds using marshmallows?
Ch 2 Activity 9: Organic Substances
Success Criteria: I will be
able to correctly name
simple hydrocarbons..
Warm-Up:
1. How many bonds does a carbon
atom form?
2. How many bonds does a
hydrogen atom form?
3. Draw a molecule with 1 carbon
atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.
CHECK FOR
MISSING WORK!!!
Review
• Ethylene / Ethene is present in the
peels of ripening fruit and is
flammable
• Ethylene is a hydrocarbon
• Hydrocarbons are compounds
made of only carbon and hydrogen
atoms
• “Organic chemistry” is the study of
compounds containing carbon
Naming Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons are
“saturated” if every
carbon atom has all the
possible hydrogen
atoms bonded to it (all
single bonds)
• Saturated hydrocarbons
are called “alkanes” and
they end with the suffix
-ane
Prefix
Number
of
Carbon
Atoms
Single
Bonds
Only
Name
Meth-
1
Methane
Eth-
2
Ethane
Prop-
3
Propane
But-
4
Butane
Pent-
5
Pentane
Hex-
6
Hexane
Hept-
7
Heptane
Oct-
8
Octane
Non-
9
Nonane
Dec-
10
Decane
Alkanes
• Draw pentane
• Draw hexane
• Draw heptane
• Draw octane
Naming Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons are
“unsaturated” if every
carbon atom does not
have all the possible
hydrogen atoms bonded
to it (it has double or
triple bonds)
• Unsaturated
hydrocarbons with
double bonds are called
“alkenes” and they end
with the suffix –ene
• Draw “Ethene”
(Ethylene)
Prefix
Number
of
Carbon
Atoms
Double
Bonds
Name
Eth-
2
Ethene
Prop-
3
Propene
But-
4
Butene
Pent-
5
Pentene
Hex-
6
Hexene
Hept-
7
Heptene
Oct-
8
Octene
Non-
9
Nonene
Dec-
10
Decene
Meth-
Naming Hydrocarbons
Prefix
• Unsaturated
hydrocarbons with
triple bonds are called
“alkynes” and they end
with the suffix –yne
• Draw “Ethyne”
Number
of
Carbon
Atoms
Tripple
Bonds
Name
Eth-
2
Ethyne
Prop-
3
Propyne
But-
4
Butyne
Pent-
5
Pentyne
Hex-
6
Hexyne
Hept-
7
Heptyne
Oct-
8
Octyne
Non-
9
Nonyne
Dec-
10
Decyne
Meth-
Prefix
Number of
Carbon
Atoms
Single
Bonds Only
Name
Double
Bonds
Name
Triple
Bonds
Name
Meth-
1
Methane
Eth-
2
Ethane
Ethene
Ethyne
Prop-
3
Propane
Propene
Propyne
But-
4
Butane
Butene
Butyne
Pent-
5
Pentane
Pentene
Pentyne
Hex-
6
Hexane
Hexene
Hexyne
Hept-
7
Heptane
Heptene
Heptyne
Oct-
8
Octane
Octene
Octyne
Non-
9
Nonane
Nonene
Nonyne
Dec-
10
Decane
Decene
Decyne
Where are the double/triple bonds?
• With double and
triple bonds, you
must indicate where
they are by
numbering the
atom where a
double or triple
bond is located
• If there are 2…
include both
numbers and “di”
1-Butene
2-Butene
Name Them!
1-Pentene
2-Butyne
Propane
1-Propene
1-Pentyne
1,3-Pentadiene
Ch 2 Activity 9: Organic Substances
Success Criteria: I will be
able to distinguish between
organic and inorganic
compounds..
Warm-Up:
1. Draw 1-pentene.
2. Draw methane.
3. Draw 1,3-pentadiene
CHECK FOR
MISSING WORK!!!
Group Work Research
• Please answer as honestly as possible!
• Your responses will have NO effect on your class
grade
• Your responses will be used to improve science
classes
Chem Talk
• Page 164
• Read the Chem Talk and answer the guiding
questions, in complete sentences, in your
notebook
Ch 2 Activity 9: Balancing Equations
Success Criteria: I will be able to balance
equations according to the law of conservation
of mass..
Warm-Up:
1. What is wrong with the image of s’mores below?
2. Assuming a s’more requires two graham crackers, one
marshmallow, and one piece of chocolate, how many s’mores could
you make with the ingredients shown?
Conservation of Mass
• Law of Conservation of Mass: matter cannot
be created nor destroyed
• So, if an atom is found on one side of an
equation, it must also be found on the other side
of the equation
• Consider the combustion of propane below
C3H8 + O2  CO2 + H20
Propane and oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water
Conservation of Mass
C3H8 + O2  CO2 + H20
Propane and oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water
• Because matter cannot be created nor destroyed,
the atoms that appear on one side of an equation
must also appear on the other side
Balancing Equations
1. Write the unbalanced equation.
2. Count the number of each type of atom on both
sides of an equation
3. Add coefficients (big numbers in front of the
compound) until the number of each type of
atom are equal (hint: start by balancing an element that
appears in only one reactant and product first)
4. Do not add subscripts as this will change the
formula.
C3H8 + O2  CO2 + H20
Propane and oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water
• C3H8
+ O2
H20
# in Reactants
Atom
# in Products
3
C
1
8
H
2
2
O
3
3
C
3
8
H
8
10
O
10
Initial
Final
• C3H8
CO2 +

+ 5O2

3CO2 +
4H20
• http://www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?me
thod=cResource.dspView&ResourceID=408&Cl
assID=2435849
Combustion of Methane
• CH4 + O2  CO2 + H20
Initial
# in Reactants
Atom
# in Products
1
C
1
4
H
2
2
O
3
• CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H20
Final
# in Reactants
Atom
# in Products
1
C
1
4
H
4
4
O
4
Combustion of Glucose (Cellular Respiration)
• C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20
Initial
# in Reactants
Atom
# in Products
6
C
1
12
H
2
8
O
3
• C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H20
Final
# in Reactants
Atom
# in Products
6
C
6
12
H
12
18
O
18
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
_____ Na + _____ Cl2  _____ NaCl
_____ Na + _____ H2O  _____ NaOH + _____ H2
_____ Mg + _____ O2  _____ MgO
_____ KClO3  _____ KCl + _____ O2
_____ Al + _____ CuO  _____ Al2O3 + _____ Cu
_____ CaCO3  _____ CaO + _____ CO2
____ I2 + ____ Na2S2O3  ____ NaI + ____ Na2S4O6
_____ Mg + _____ P4  _____ Mg3P2
Balancing Equations Practice
• On the back of the paper answer the following
questions:
1. What is the “law of conservation of mass”?
2. Why do you have to balance equations?
3. How do you balance equations?
• Balance the equations on the front of the paper.
If you do not finish in class, it becomes
homework due this Friday.